Transient visual disturbance(TVD) is caused by artery stenosis,or artery embolism and migraine,which lead to reduction of eye blood flow,retinal ischemia and hypoxia.Major clinical manifestations include amaurosis fugax and visual transient ischemic attacks(TIA).The present research situation and progression of TVD were reviewed.

Carotid artery calcification is a calcium deposition on arterial wals. It has a great clinical significance when it occurs within atherosclerotic plaques, which is a marker of the progressive atherosclerosis. In recent years, the studies on the mechanism of carotid artery calcification and imaging detection methods are continuously advancing and being updated. In addition, the correlation between carotid plaque calcification and ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the effect on its therapeutic decisions are also the research foci. However, there have been controversies about the advantages and disadvantages of carotid artery calcification. Some researchers believe that carotid artery calcifications are a protective factor, but others believe that they may promote the plaque vulnerability. This article reviews the recent progress in research on carotid artery calcification from the above aspects.

Objective To study the effect of etomidate on the changes in [Ca2+]i in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes induced by KCI. Methods Freshly isolated SD rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes were prepared. KCI was used as chemical stimulant. Neurochemical method was employed (Fura-2 was used as calcium indicator) . Etomidate was added (the end concentration was 0.4, 4, 40 and 100 ?mol?L-1 respectively) before and after stimulation with KCI 50 mmol?L-1 to determine the peak and plateau [Ca2+]i in the cerebrocortical synaptomes. Results Before KCI stimulation etomidate inhibited KCl-evoked increase in intra-synaptosomal [Ca2+ ]i in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory ratio of peak calcium concentration was 5%?3% , 11%?6% , 24%?10% and 33%?12% respectively as compared with control. Etomidate at concentration of 40 ?mol?L-1 and above had significant effect on [Ca2+]i. When added immediately after KCI stimulation, 4,40 ?mol?L-1 etomidate significantly increased plateau [Ca2+]i in synaptosomes.Conclusion Etomidate alters KC1-induced calcium dynamics in rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes. Presynaptic calcium channels and calcium removal mechanism are involved in its anesthetic action.

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of domestic-made Lomerizine hydrochloride for treating migraine.Methods 53 patients with migraine were randomly divided into Lomerizine hydrochloride group(27 cases) and control group(26 cases),and treated with Lomerizine hydrochloride or placebo orally respectively.The total follow-ups were 12 weeks.Headache frequency was served as main evaluation index,and duration and degree of headache,simultaneous complications and headache scores as secondary evaluation indexes.Results(1) The 4,8 and 12 weeks after treatment,the scores of headache frequency,lasting time of headache,degree of headache,accompany symptom and total scores in Lomerizine hydrochloride group were decreased significantly compared with control group(all(P

Objective To explore into the relationship between the hepatolithiasis and the intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, and summarize the experience of early diagnosis and surgical treatment of these disease. Methods A retrospective clinical analysis was made in 28 cases of hepatolithiasis complicated by intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from September 1998 to December 2008. Results It was found that the incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in hepatolithiasis was 5.9%. The correct rate of preoperative ultrasonic diagnosis was 57.15% ( 16/28 ) ,and that of CT diagnosis was 46.43 % ( 13/28), and that of MRCP diagnosis was 40.00% (6/15). 12 cases were radically resected,12 cases were treated by palliative therapy, and 4 cases were examined only with biopsy, and all cases were followed up. The 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rate in radical surgery were 83.34% ,58.34% ,25.00% respectively. And the 1-year,and 2-year survival rate in palliative surgery group were 66.67% ,8.33% respectively. And all the cases examined only with biosy died in 6 months after the biosy. Conclusion Cholangiocarcinoma is related to hepatolithiasis. In patients of hepatolithiasis who were older than 40 years and have a long history of recurrent cholangitis, weight-loss in a short period, progressive jaundice, or intractable abdominal pain,the possibility of accompanying cholangiocarcinoma should be considered. The key of improving the therapeutic effectiveness was early diagnosis ,early treatment and striving for radical operation.

[Objective]To observe the clinical outcome of rotator cuff-reserved calcium deposit removal on extensive shoulder calcific tendinitis.To discuss if it is necessary to sacrifce the cuff integrity for a completely removal of calcium deposit.[Method]From Oct.2004 to Apr.2006,15 cases(15 shoulders)of extansive shoulder rotator cuff calcific tendinitis were treated with calcium removal under arthroseopy.Among them there were 6 males and 9 females with an average age of 44.7.The average pre-operative evaluation grade with Constant-Murley were 56(49~62).During the operation,the rotator cuff integrity were reserved in 8 cases and most of the deposits were removed with some calcium left in the reserved cuff layer.In the other 7 cases,complete deposit clearance were performed and the rotator cuff was repaired subsequently,average follow-up were 16.7 months(3~25).The Constant-Murley score and X-ray were taken after operation to evaluate shoulder function and the changes of remnant calcium were observed.[Result]13 cases reported significant pain dissolved and 2 reported pain relieved.The average postoperative Constant-Murley score of cuff-reserved group was 91(81~95),while the cuff-repaired group was 90.3(80~94).On postoperative radiograph,only 3 cases demonstrated remnant deposit,and disappeared within 3 months after operation.[Conclusion]Both of the two kinds of operations showed good clinical outcome.The rotator cuff-reserved calcium deposit removal has simplified operation techniques,less costs and fewer complications.It is unnecessary to sacrifice cuffintegrity for complete calcium removal.The remnant deposit could be absorbed when it is opened after operation.

In the present study, the genomic sequence characteristics of HN-JY40 strains of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) isolated from pigs in Henan Province, China, were analyzed and the evolutionary relationship between HN-JY40 and other sequenced strains examined. The whole genome of HN-JY40 was sequenced and analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (3' RACE) and 5' RACE. Bioinformatic analyses were carried out with Megalign, Expasy, clustal x, and MEGA 4 software. The genome of HN-JY40 was 7 223 bp in size upon removal of polyA sequences. Sizes were 9 bp and 69 bp at 5' and 3' noncoding regions, respectively. The genome of HN-JY40 was predicted to contain three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 (5 124 bp) encoding 1 707 amino acids; ORF2 (2 025 bp) encoding 674 amino acids; ORF3 (345 bp) encoding 114 amino acids. Phylogenetic-tree analyses indicated that HN-JY40 is a typical type-IV virus that belongs to a new subgenotype of HEV genotype 4. We sequenced and analyzed the whole genome of HN-JY40. This strategy elicited the genomic characteristics of the HEV isolated from pigs in Henan Province as well as the evolutionary relationships between HN- JY40 and other HEV isolates from pigs. We revealed that the ORF1 of HN-JY40 (153-432 nt) and human HK 104-2004 had high similarity, which offers molecular evidence for uncovering the interspecies transmission of the HEV.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; China ; Cloning, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis E ; veterinary ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Swine ; Swine Diseases ; virology

In recent years, multicenter studies have confirmed that intra-arterial thrombolysis is an effective approach in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. This article reviews the study status quo of the time window, pretreatment assessment, and selection of patients and drugs for intra-arterial thrombolysis.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal model of type II diabetic coro-nary heart disease in Zuker diabetic fatty ( ZDF) rats.Methods The ZDF rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart disease was prepared by high-fat diet feeding combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) in a dose of 1 mg· mL-1 for 10 consecutive days.Serum creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase izozyme (CK-MB), ST segment in electrocardiogram ( ECG) and myocardial pathological changes were detected to evaluate the rat model.Results CK of both the control and model groups was gradually increased with ISO injections, while CK-MB increased first and then decreased.The ST segment in ECG part II had significant changes.The pathological examination found that about half of the myocardial cross section in the model group was necrotic after injections of ISO for 5 days and more than 3/4 of the my-ocardial cross section was necrotic after injection of ISO for 10 days.The results indicated that ISO caused myocardial inju-ry in ZDF rats.Conclusions The variation of CK-MB, CK, ST segments in ECG and myocardial necrosis indicate that the model is successfully established.The use of high-fat diet combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochlo-ride in a dose of 1 mg· mL is a simple way to develop a Zuker diabetic fatty rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart dis-ease.