Fibroblast grow factors are important regulators of the embryonic and adult central nervous system during developmental processes and adult physiology.FGF control cell migration and establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis of the neural plate during gastrulation.At later shaping stage of the brain,FGF function in those organs and tissues control the morphogenesis and differentiation.During adult and injured in the adult brain,FGF contain the active hyperplasia of the adult stem cells and promote regeneration and repair in the central nervous system.This article mainly reviews the function of FGF family members in the central nervous system.

Objective To explore an UPLC method for simultaneous content determination of the five nucleosides (cytidine, uridine, adenine, thymidine and adenosine) in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants; To compare the content differences.Methods The analysis was performed on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) by UPLC eluted with acetonitrile and water in gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min; the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm; the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results Five nucleosides have good linear relationship, precision, stability, and repeatability according to the requirements of the methodology determination. The recoveries were among 98.7%–101.5%. Five nucleosides in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants from different areas were determined by the UPLC method.Conclusion The method is certified to be simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, which can be used for the determination of nucleosides in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapy methods of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.Methods The clinical data of 36 cases of dorsolateral medullary syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.Results The palients presented with acute or sub-acute oneset.Vertigo(83.3%),dysarthria(61.1%),dysphagia(52.8%),Horner's syndrome(80.6%),ataxia(72.2%) and crossed sensory disturbance(50%) were the most common symptoms and signs.MRI examination demonstrated dorsolateral medullary infarction in 32 of 36 patients.13 patients received DSA examination and the results showed 6 patients with different degree disease of vertebral arery,2 patients with isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion,1 patient with vertebral occlusion and ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery stenosis.In 33 patients who received anticoagulation,antiplatelet and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis therapies,26 patients improved 7~10 days after treatments and the symptoms almost disappeared during 1～2 months.6 cases remained different degree sensory disturbance and ataxia 1 case died.3 patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting.The symptoms relieved at the day of operation and recovered completely 1 week after operation.Conclusions Dorsolateral medullary syndrome is a clinical syndrome because of insufficient blood-supply in local blood vessel.MRI is sensitive for the diagnosis of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.The location and degree of the disease can be identified by DSA.Intervention treatment is an effective method in the therapy of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.

Approximately one-quarter of ischemic stroke occurred in vertebrobasilar artery system. Atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis is one of the major causes of posterior circulation stroke. In addition to the conventional medical and surgical treatment, endovascular intervention has received more and more attention, and it has become the most promising therapeutic approach.

Endovascular treatment is becoming a novel technique in the treatment of carotid stenosis. Since this technique is in its infancy, there are many controversies on this technique and theory now. This paper briefly reviews the most recent advances in endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis.

ObjectiveTo study the quality of life of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD)and analyze the influencing factors.Methods287 patients with HLD and 51 health people were investigated by World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument brief version (WHOQOL-BREF),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) and variance analysis,t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were analyzed the influencing factors.Results①Scores of WHOQOL-BREF:physical domain(54.64 ± 17.11 ),psychological domain ( 52.09 ± 15.83 ) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (67.30 ± 12.66,58.90 ± 12.75 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; social domain ( 51.35± 17.18),the domain of environment(53.54 ± 16.67) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (57.53 ± 14.99,58.42 ± 10.55 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).②The quality of life of the patients with HLD was influenced by LSIA,total score of SCL-90,the attitude toward the doctors,economic status,the attitude toward the disease,residence with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.0l ).ConclusionThe quality of life in patients with HLD is lower than that in health people and much factors influence it,so it is necessary to take multi-facet interventions to improve their quality of life.

Objective To compare the clinical outcome of unipedicular versus bipedicular vertebroplasty treating for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods Sixty-four patients(68 vertebra)were divided into two groups by treated methods:unipedicular kyphoplasty group(33 cases)and bipedicular vertebroplasty group(31 cases).The Cobb angle and vasual analogue pain scale(VAS)were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.The operation time was recorded.Compared the Cobb angle,VAS and the operation time between two groups.Results Of unipedicular kyphoplasty group preoperative,24 hours and 3 months after operation,VAS were(8.42 ± 1.33),(2.21 ± 1.67),(2.09 ± 1.58)scores,the Cobb angle were(31.24 ±9.12)°,(14.21 ±9.21)°,(14.43 ±9.36)° ;while those of bipedicular vertebroplasty group were(8.36 ± 1.52),(2.13 ± 1.80),(2.00 ± 1.71)scores and(30.84 ±8.77)°,(13.94 ± 8.87)°,(14.07 ± 9.87)°.VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups at 24 hours and 3 months after operation were lower than those preoperative(P＜ 0.01).VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups were similar at the same time preoperatively and postoperatively(P ＞ 0.05).The operation time of unipedicular kyphoplasty group and bipedicular vertebroplasty was(45.00 ± 8.76),(72.00 ± 9.32)min,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Compared with the bipedicular vertebroplasty,the advantages of unipedicular kyphoplasty are as follows:less trauma,less operation time and less X-rays rediation accepted of the patient and the operator.And it has the similar clinical outcome with the bipedicular vertebroplasty.

Objective To study the Sheng Mai San on the levels of cell factors induced by lipopolysaccharide in acute liver failure rats. Methods The models of chronic liver failure were constructed by injecting CCl4 in the abdomen of rats. The serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and cell factors were determined after treating with LPS and Sheng Mai San for 2 hours. Results The serum level of IL-6［(64.50±18.79)pg/ml vs (4.79±0.57)pg/ml］, ICAM-1［(25100.00±5258.85)pg/ml vs (4215.50±942.79)pg/ml］ and TNF-α［(17.55±2.39)pg/ml vs (10.92±5.02)pg/ml］ was increased by CCl4 (P＜0.05), but there is no effect on the serum level of LPS in rats ［(0.058±0.007)EU/ml vs (0.040±0.002)EU/ml,P＞0.05］. Sheng Mai San can significantly reduce the serum level of IL-6, ICAM-1 and TNF-α in rats with acute liver failure induced by CCl4 ［(17.20±3.12)pg/ml,(9490.00±2725.78)pg/ml,(3.00±1.00)pg/ml,P＜0.05］. After treating with LPS for 2 hours, the serum level of LPS, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1 markedly increased ［(0.501±0.019)EU/ml,(19750.00±9655.17)pg/ml,(5615.00±490.50)pg/ml,(41000.00±589.88)pg/ml,P＜0.01］. Sheng Mai San could reduce the serum levels of LPS, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1 and in rats with chronic liver failure (P＜0.01). Conclusions SD Rats in the state of chronic liver fail-ure, existing serious serum endotoxin, can induce the levels of cell factors by diversification inflammation reaction and. ShengMaiSan can regulating the levels of cell factors in rats with chronic liver failure.

Objective Neuroinflammation following traumatic brain injury (TBI) may give rise to neurodisorder.This study aimed to investigate the effect of intranasal delivery of nerve growth factor ( NGF) on neuroinflammation following TBI and its action mechanism in rats. Methods Thirty-six male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into a sham , a TBI, and a TBI+NGF group.The rats in the TBI +NGF group were treated with NGF intranasally at 12 and 24 hours after TBI.The levels of IL-1βand TNF-αin the injured cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA , the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB evaluated by EMSA , and the expres-sion of amyloid-β( Aβ42 ) determined by Western blot . Results NGF attenuated the inflammation following TBI .Compared with the TBI group, the level of IL-1βwas obviously decreased in the TBI +NGF group at 12 hours (70.65 ±3.10 vs 37.51 ±1.92) and 24 hours (68.85 ±8.10 vs 36.23 ±2.99, P<0.05), and so was that of TNF-α(47.12 ±7.38 vs 27.63 ±5.77 and 56.15 ±11.20 vs 29.94 ±8.62, P<0.05).The DNA-binding activity of NF-κB was reduced to 111.62 ±0.49 and 131.52 ±0.88, and the expression of Aβ42 to 0.23 ±0.008 and 0.52 ±0.004 at 12 and 24 hours respectively after treatment with NGF , both with statistically significant differences from the TBI group (P<0.05). Conclusion Intranasal administration of NGF attenuates TBI-induced neuroinflamma-tion in rats, which may be associated with its regulatory effect on the Aβ42/NF-κB signaling pathway .

Objective To investigate the value of hyperintense vessel signs (HVS) on fluidattenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence for assessing the patterns of collateral blood flow in adult moyamoya disease (MMD).Methods Forty-one adult patients with non-hemorrhagic MMD retrieved from Nanjing Stroke Registry Program between August 2008 and January 2011 were identified by digital cerebral angiography and performed the examination of FLAIR sequence in Jinling hospital.According to the different sites of HVS located in the territory of the middle cerebral artery,the patterns of HVS were classified into grades 0-3: Grade 0,absence of HVS ; Grade 1,HVS limited in the cerebral sulci of temporal lobe and Sylvian fissure ; Grade 2,HVS in the cerebral sulci of frontal and parietal lobe regions and Sylvian fissure;and Grade 3,HVS in the combined territories of Grade 1 and Grade 2.According to the intracerebral collateral blood flow,steno-occlusions of the arteries were classified into three types: Type 1,residual antegrade flow across steno-occlusive lesions; Type 2,retrograde flow via leptomeningeal vessels; Type 3,the combined collateral blood flow of Type 1 and Type 2.The relationship between the patterns of intracerebral collateral blood flow and the location of HVS was analyzed.Results Of 41 adult patients with non-hemorrhagic MMD,there were 3 patients presented with unilateral vascular lesions and 38 with bilateral vascular lesions,so the total number of vascular lesions of the cerebral hemispheres was 79.Because three patients showed the absence of HVS in bilateral hemispheres,the total number of the presence of HVS of the cerebral hemispheres was 73.Therefore,the percentage of the presence of HVS was 92.4％ (73/79) in vascular lesions of the cerebral hemispheres.Importantly,the patterns of slow collateral blood flow corresponding to Grade 1 HVS were all antegrade (7/7) ; the collateral patterns corresponding to Grade 2 HVS were mainly retrograde leptomeningeal flow (95.0％,19/20) ; and the patterns corresponding to Grade 3 HVS were mainly slow combined collateral blood flow(84.8％,39/46).Furthermore,with the changing sites of HVS from the cerebral sulci of temporal lobe to the cerebral sulci of frontal and parietal lobe regions,the directions of collateral flow changed with a shift from antegrade to retrograde,which was statistically significant.Conclusion The different locations of HVS can reflect the different patterns of collateral blood flow,and the locations of HVS may predict the directions of intracerebral collateral blood flow in adult MMD patients.