Fibroblast grow factors are important regulators of the embryonic and adult central nervous system during developmental processes and adult physiology.FGF control cell migration and establishment of the anterior-posterior body axis of the neural plate during gastrulation.At later shaping stage of the brain,FGF function in those organs and tissues control the morphogenesis and differentiation.During adult and injured in the adult brain,FGF contain the active hyperplasia of the adult stem cells and promote regeneration and repair in the central nervous system.This article mainly reviews the function of FGF family members in the central nervous system.

Objective To explore an UPLC method for simultaneous content determination of the five nucleosides (cytidine, uridine, adenine, thymidine and adenosine) in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants; To compare the content differences.Methods The analysis was performed on a BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×50 mm, 1.7 μm) by UPLC eluted with acetonitrile and water in gradient mode. The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min; the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm; the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results Five nucleosides have good linear relationship, precision, stability, and repeatability according to the requirements of the methodology determination. The recoveries were among 98.7%–101.5%. Five nucleosides in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants from different areas were determined by the UPLC method.Conclusion The method is certified to be simple, rapid, accurate and reliable, which can be used for the determination of nucleosides in Hedyotis diffusa and its adulterants.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and therapy methods of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.Methods The clinical data of 36 cases of dorsolateral medullary syndrome were analyzed retrospectively.Results The palients presented with acute or sub-acute oneset.Vertigo(83.3%),dysarthria(61.1%),dysphagia(52.8%),Horner's syndrome(80.6%),ataxia(72.2%) and crossed sensory disturbance(50%) were the most common symptoms and signs.MRI examination demonstrated dorsolateral medullary infarction in 32 of 36 patients.13 patients received DSA examination and the results showed 6 patients with different degree disease of vertebral arery,2 patients with isolated posterior inferior cerebellar artery occlusion,1 patient with vertebral occlusion and ipsilateral posterior inferior cerebellar artery stenosis.In 33 patients who received anticoagulation,antiplatelet and activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis therapies,26 patients improved 7~10 days after treatments and the symptoms almost disappeared during 1～2 months.6 cases remained different degree sensory disturbance and ataxia 1 case died.3 patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting.The symptoms relieved at the day of operation and recovered completely 1 week after operation.Conclusions Dorsolateral medullary syndrome is a clinical syndrome because of insufficient blood-supply in local blood vessel.MRI is sensitive for the diagnosis of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.The location and degree of the disease can be identified by DSA.Intervention treatment is an effective method in the therapy of dorsolateral medullary syndrome.

Approximately one-quarter of ischemic stroke occurred in vertebrobasilar artery system. Atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis is one of the major causes of posterior circulation stroke. In addition to the conventional medical and surgical treatment, endovascular intervention has received more and more attention, and it has become the most promising therapeutic approach.

Endovascular treatment is becoming a novel technique in the treatment of carotid stenosis. Since this technique is in its infancy, there are many controversies on this technique and theory now. This paper briefly reviews the most recent advances in endovascular treatment of carotid stenosis.

ObjectiveTo study the quality of life of patients with hepatolenticular degeneration (HLD)and analyze the influencing factors.Methods287 patients with HLD and 51 health people were investigated by World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument brief version (WHOQOL-BREF),Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90),Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) and variance analysis,t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were analyzed the influencing factors.Results①Scores of WHOQOL-BREF:physical domain(54.64 ± 17.11 ),psychological domain ( 52.09 ± 15.83 ) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (67.30 ± 12.66,58.90 ± 12.75 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; social domain ( 51.35± 17.18),the domain of environment(53.54 ± 16.67) in patients with HLD were lower than those in the health people (57.53 ± 14.99,58.42 ± 10.55 ) with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05 ).②The quality of life of the patients with HLD was influenced by LSIA,total score of SCL-90,the attitude toward the doctors,economic status,the attitude toward the disease,residence with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.0l ).ConclusionThe quality of life in patients with HLD is lower than that in health people and much factors influence it,so it is necessary to take multi-facet interventions to improve their quality of life.

Objective To compare the clinical outcome of unipedicular versus bipedicular vertebroplasty treating for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture.Methods Sixty-four patients(68 vertebra)were divided into two groups by treated methods:unipedicular kyphoplasty group(33 cases)and bipedicular vertebroplasty group(31 cases).The Cobb angle and vasual analogue pain scale(VAS)were measured preoperatively and postoperatively.The operation time was recorded.Compared the Cobb angle,VAS and the operation time between two groups.Results Of unipedicular kyphoplasty group preoperative,24 hours and 3 months after operation,VAS were(8.42 ± 1.33),(2.21 ± 1.67),(2.09 ± 1.58)scores,the Cobb angle were(31.24 ±9.12)°,(14.21 ±9.21)°,(14.43 ±9.36)° ;while those of bipedicular vertebroplasty group were(8.36 ± 1.52),(2.13 ± 1.80),(2.00 ± 1.71)scores and(30.84 ±8.77)°,(13.94 ± 8.87)°,(14.07 ± 9.87)°.VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups at 24 hours and 3 months after operation were lower than those preoperative(P＜ 0.01).VAS and the Cobb angle of both groups were similar at the same time preoperatively and postoperatively(P ＞ 0.05).The operation time of unipedicular kyphoplasty group and bipedicular vertebroplasty was(45.00 ± 8.76),(72.00 ± 9.32)min,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between two groups(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Compared with the bipedicular vertebroplasty,the advantages of unipedicular kyphoplasty are as follows:less trauma,less operation time and less X-rays rediation accepted of the patient and the operator.And it has the similar clinical outcome with the bipedicular vertebroplasty.

Objective To observe the normal configuration and size of the third ventricle in the second and third trimester fetuses in a normal population by ultrasonography. Methods The third ventricular width and configuration were obtained by antenatal ultrasonography in 765 fetuses with gestational age between 27 weeks and term.The relationship Between the width and the gestational age was analyzed.Results The third ventricle width 0～3 mm and showed the increased tendency; the correlation coefficient ( r ) between the width of the third ventricle and the gestationl week was 0.473 ( P＜0.01).The third ventricle was seen as a single echogenic line in 8(4.8%) of 165 fetuses, 145(61.5%) of all fetuses had parallel echogenic lines outlining a fluid-filled lumen, the V-shaped configuration of the third ventricle was seen in 12(7.3%) of the fetuses.Conclusions The third ventricle width shows the increased tendency in the second and third trimester.The parallel echogenic line becomes the prominent ultrasonography appearance in the second and third trimester fetuses.It's usefull to observe the normal ultrasonic apperance of the third ventricle in diagnosing the fetal central nervous abnormities.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value and effectiveness of ultrasound screening for fetal chromosomal abnormalitie in the middle and late pregnancy. Methods Fetuses who were detected with abnormal ultrasound findings during the middle and late pregnancy, and high risk of maternal serum screening underwent amnioeentesis or eordocentesis for fetal chromosome karyotypes. Results (1) A total of 31 cases with fetal malformation diagnosed by ultrasound were analysed for fetal chromosome karyotypes, and 8 (25.8%) cases were proved with fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes. There were 3 cases of cervical springwater cyst accompany with edema,and all were fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes. There were 3 cases of cervical pachyderma,and 2 were fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes. There was one case with multiple malformations, one with Dandy-Walker malformation and one with holoprosencephaly malformation,all were revealed fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes. (2) A total of 516 cases with high risk of Down's syndrome and trisomy 18 by maternal serum screening were analysed for fetal chromosome karyotypes,and 14(2.710%) cases were proved with fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes, which include 7 cases of Down's syndrome and 7 cases of other fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes. (3) A total of 544 (516 + 28)cases with high risk by the combination of ultrasound and maternal serum screening were analysed for fetal chromosome karyotypes, and 21 (3.86%) cases were proved with fetal abnormal chromosome karyotypes, the rate of detection higher than only maternal serum screening 42.43%.Conclusions Fetal structure abnormalities were the effective ultrasound signs for fetus chromosomal abnormalities screening in the middle and late pregnancy. The combination of ultrasound and maternal serum screening can improve the rate of fetus chromosomal abnormalities screening and be an effective way to retrieve false-positive and lower risk of maternal serum screening.

Objective To investigate the effect of progressive neurological deterioration ( PND) of cerebral watershed infarction on early prognosis. Methods The consecutive patients with cerebral watershed infarction admitted in the Department of Neurology,Jinling Hospital,Nanjing University School of Medicine and their cerebral watershed infarctions confirmed by the imaging examination from March 2009 to March 2014 were enrolled. The clinical features, laboratory indicators and imaging features of internal watershed infarction,cortical-type watershed infarction,and mixed watershed infarction were identified and analyzed. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale was used to score neurological deficit. The modified Rankin scale ( mRS) was used to score the prognosis of patients. Single factor analysis was used to compare the differences between the groups. At the same time,the correlation between PND and poor prognosis of cerebral watershed infarction at day 90 was analyzed by multivariable Logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 89 patients with cerebral watershed infarction were enrolled,including 43 cortical-type watershed infarctions,36 internal watershed infarctions, and 10 mixed watershed infarctions. Single factor analysis indicated that the incidences of PND of internal watershed infarction and mixed watershed infarction were significantly higher than the cortical-type watershed infarction (36. 1% [n=13],50. 0% [n=5], and 16. 3% [n=7],respectively;P=0. 018). At day 90,28 patients had poor prognosis,and mRS was (3.4±1. 0) scores at day 90. There was significant difference in the types of infarction between the patients with poor prognosis and patients with good prognosis (P<0. 05). In patients with poor prognosis, most of them were internal watershed infarctions,accounting for 50. 0% (14/28),while in patients with good prognosis,most of them were cortical-type watershed infarctions(57. 4% [35/61]). The incidence of PND in patients with poor prognosis was significantly higher than that in patients with good prognosis (57.1% [16/28] vs. 14. 8% [9/61];P<0. 05). The result of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for confounding factor, PND was independently associated with the poor prognosis of cerebral watershed infarction at day 90 (OR 6. 969,95%CI 2. 451-19. 869;P<0. 01). Conclusion Compared with the cortical-type watershed infarction, the patients with internal watershed infarction is more prone to have PND, and PND is independently correlate with the poor prognosis at day 90.