Glycyrrhetic acid is a hydrolytic product of .glycyrrhizin which comes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. This study showed that its sodium salt, sodium glycyrrhetinate ( SGA, 28mg/kg ip ) inhibited egg white or yeast-induced edema of rat hind paws; Meanwhile, SGA decreased prostaglandin E2 in inflammatory fluid. Malonyldialdehyde in mouse swelling paws stimulated by egg white was decreased by SGA and increased by arachidonic acid. The inhibitory action of SGA on production of malonyldialdehyde c.ould be entirely abolished by arachidonic acid,suggesting that phospholipase A2 bo inhibited by SGA. Also, SGA antagonized the contracting effect of inflammatory mediators such as histamine ( IC50 = 12 ,7mg/ L), 5 -hydroxytrypataminG (IC50=16.1 mg/L ) and SRS-A ( IC5O = 17.0mg/L)on isolated guinea-pig ileum. Because SGA inhibited cro-ton oil-induced ear-swelling of adrenalectomized mice, its anti-inflammatory action has no relationship with hypophysial-adrenocortial axis.

0.05).The gene frequencies of ACG-T235M and ACE-DD plus AGT-TT were significantly higher in the patients with CAD than in the controls respectively(all P

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Objective To explore the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of the criss-cross heart. Methods The echocardiographic results of 6 patients with the criss-cross heart were reviewed retrospectively. The echocardiographic characteristics were analyzed and compared with the surgery results in 4 operated cases. Results The 6 cases were interpreted as representing a criss-cross heart with solitus atria,D-loop ventricles and concordant atrioventricular connections. The ventriculo-arterial alignments of 5 cases were abnormal including double outlet right ventricle with anterior aorta in 2 and transposition of the great arteries in 3 while 1 patient had concordant connection. The following principal characteristics were tilting the transducer from posterior to anterior could demonstrate the connection of the left-sided left atrium and the right-sided left ventricle through mitral valve at first. The more anterior angulation of the transducer then showed the right-sided right atrium was connected to the left-sided right ventricle through tricuspid imaging displayed the two atrial outflows crossed each other without mixing at atrioventricular valve level.right ventricle often occured. The echocardiographic diagnosis of the criss-cross heart and its associated cardiac abnormalities were confirmed by surgery in 4 cases except 1 persistent left superior vena cava was missed. Conclusions The invisibility of a standard 4-chamber view in any cut was very characteristic in the echocardiographic diagnosis of the criss-cross heart. The definitive appearance was the separate display of the two ventricular inlets and the crossed atrioventricular connections with each atrium emptying into the contralateral ventricle by continuous subxiphoid or apical scanning. The transthoracic echocardiography can diagnose this rare heart disease and associated cardiac abnormalities accurately.

Stereoscopic three-dimensional echocardiography(S-3DE) is a novel displaying technology based on real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE). Our study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of S-3DE in the diagnosis of atrial septal defect (ASD) and its use in the guidance for transcatheter ASD occlusion. Twelve patients with secundum ASD underwent RT-3DE examination and 9 of the 12 were subjected to transcatheter closure of ASD. Stereoscopic vision was generated with a high-performance volume renderer with red-green stereoscopic glasses. S-3DE was compared with standard RT-3D display for the assessment of the shape, size, and the surrounding tissues of ASD and for the guidance of ASD occlusion. The appearance rate of coronary sinus and the mean formation time of the IVC, SVC were compared. Our results showed that S-3DE could measure the diameter of ASD accurately and there was no significant difference in the measurements between S-3DE and standard 3D display (2.89+/-0.73 cm vs 2.85+/-0.72 cm, P>0.05; r=0.96, P<0.05). The appearance of coronary sinus for S-3DE was higher as compared with the standard 3D display (93.3% vs 100%). The mean time of the IVC, SVC for S-3DE monitor was slightly shorter than that of the standard 3D display (11.0+/-3.8 s vs 10.3+/-3.6 s, P>0.05). The mean completion time of interventional procedure was shortened with S-3DE display as compared with standard 3D display (17.3+/-3.1 min vs 23.0+/-3.9 min, P<0.05). Stereoscopic three-dimensional echocardiography could improve the visualization of three-dimensional echocardiography, facilitate the identification of the adjacent structures, decrease the time required for interventional manipulation. It may be a feasible, safe, and efficient tool for guiding transcatheter septal occlusion or the surgical interventions.

Objective To accurately investigate the characteristic and effective of occlusive devices in ventricular septal of defect (VSD) by using stereo 3D echocardiography. Methods Six patients with VSD were included who were undergone the defect closing operation with Amplatzer occluder device. Stereo 3D echocardiography was performed to show 3DE imaging appearance after the operative procedure. Results Stereo 3D echocardiography were performed after the procedure of implanting occluder device. It was clear to show the location of the occluder and the space relationship of each parts. Conclusions The appearance,location and space relationship of occluder could be seen clearly by stereo 3D echocardiography after implanting occluder device. Compare with 2D, real-time 3D echocardiography, stereo 3D echocardiography could provide more veracious information about heart structures and the therapeutic devices for clinical use.

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosis of Berry syndrome and analyze the sonographic typing.Methods The echocardiographic results of 6 Berry patients were reviewed retrospectively.Their sonographic typing were also analyzed connected with the reports in the literature.Results The ultrasound diagnosis of 5cases were confirmed by surgery(3)or angiography(3) and the remain one infant was died 14 days after the echocardiographic procedure.The malformations of Berry syndrome consisted of the distal aorto-pulmonary septal defect(APSD),aortic origin of the right pulmonary artery(RPA),interruption of the aortic arch(5 cases,type A with patent ductus arteriosus)or coarctation of the aortic isthmus(1 case)with intact ventricular septum.In 6 cases,there were 2 sonographic types:(1)Type A(3 cases),the aorto-pulmonary septum was almost absent and the left and right pulmonary arteries remained widely separated,the blood of the RPA came almost from the aorta,the aortic arch was interrupted.(2)Type B(3 cases),the left and right pulmonary arteries remained adjacent and the bifurcation straddled the distal APSD,the blood of the RPA came from the aorta and the pulmonary trunk separately,the aortic arch was coarctated or interrupted. Conclusions The transthoracic echocardiography can be used to evaluate all containing malformations of Berry syndrome and it may be the first diagnostic choice.

Objective To explore the role of echocardiography in the therapeutic evaluation after surgical repair of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA). Methods Six patients with ALCAPA underwent surgery from 2000 to 2007 ,including 3 intrapulmonary tunnel procedures and 3 left coronary artery bypass graft procedures. Post-operative echocardiography was given in every case and the characteristics were compared with the pre-operative results. Results In all cases, the mainly coronary haemodynamics recovered rapidly with decreased severity of mitral regurgitation and excellent cardiac function. Five patients had smooth rebuilded vessels but 1 patient had mild anastomotic block and slight intrapulmonary tunnel leakage. Conclusions Transthoracic echocardiography can evaluate the rebuilded coronary artery, possible complication, cardiac morphous and function and the severity of mitral regurgitation accurately.

Objective To explore the value of transthoracic echocardiography in diagnosis of univentricle and analyze the sonogram typing. Methods The results of 66 patients with univentricle were reviewed retrospectively,and analayzed their typing connected with the reports in the literature. Results There were 3 ultrasonic types in 66 cases:①Type A(single left ventricle) 19 cases,single ventricle with left ventricular shape,residual cavity in front of it. ②Type B(single right ventricle) 38 cases, single ventricle with right ventricular form,and residual cavity in the rear.③Type C (solitary single-ventricle) 9 cases,there was only one ventricle. Thirty-one of them were treated surgically, 5 cases without operation had MRI or cardiac catheterization examination and the remaining 26 patients were only observed by echocardiography,the positive rate of diagnosis in type was 100%, the results were compared with cardiac catheterization or MRI examination and the operation: 1 cases of mixed type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection was misdiagnosed as heart-type total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. But 1 case of descending aorta limitations narrow complicated patent ductus arteriosus(PDA), PDA was missed. The rest were completely correct diagnosis. Conclusions The transthoracic echocardiography can be used to evaluate types and all containing malformations of univentricle,and offers reliable information for operation.

Objective To explore the clinical value of color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) combined with quantitative analysis technique to evaluate renal flow perflusion. Methods Twenty patients with different renal diseases matched with healthy control subjects were examined with Philips iU22 CDFI system. CDFI system and Qlab quantitative technique were used to measure renal restrictive index(RI), vascularization index(VI), flow index(FI), vascularization-flow index (VFI). The patients all received renal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination. Results The RI of 32 kidney with lower flow perfusion in SPECT were higher than in the contol group (P <0.01). VI,FI, VFI were lower than those in control(VI, VFI, P <0.01 ;FI, P <0.05). Conelusious The renal blood flow perfusion of patients with renal diseases are lower than that of healthy people. It has high clinical value using CDFI combined with quantitative analysis technique to evaluate the renal perfusion of the patients with renal diseases.