The fingerprints of Panax Notoginseng medicinal material,intermediate product and injection were detected and 75% ethanol was confirmed as the most suitable extracting solution. Notoginsenoside R 1 and ginsenoside R g1, R f, Rb 1, R d, R e etc. were indentified by LC/MS technigue. The fingerprints of medicinal material, intermediate product and injection were compared with each other.

BACKGROUND:Stem cel s with wide variety of sources have the potential of differentiation and self-renewal. In additional, autologous stem cel s can avoid immune rejection after transplantation, and thus it has become one of the most promising alternative strategies for tissue/organ transplantation. However, due to the adverse environments at injured sites, such as oxidative stress and inflammation, current stem cel transplantation efficacy is relatively low. OBJECTIVE:To review the effects of oxidative stress on stem cel s and on their transplantation efficiency as wel as relevant mechanisms. METHODS:PubMed database was searched by the first author for relevant articles about stem cel s published from 1990 to 2015. The keywords were“stem cel transplantation, stem cel , oxidative stress, molecular mechanism”. After eliminating literatures which had poor authority or similar content, 97 articles were involved in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Different types of stem cel s have different basal endogenous antioxidant stress levels. Oxidative stress through multiple molecular pathways causes cel aging, apoptosis and cancer, which also can result in apoptosis of cancer cel s. Stem cel s can adjust endogenous antioxidant levels through multiple paths. To improve the endogenous antioxidant stress level using a variety of methods can increase stem cel transplantation efficiency and prevent stem cel cancerization due to oxidative stress, which makes the clinical application of stem cel transplantation therapy safer and more popular.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of spiral CT for the intestinal obstruction of unknown causes.Methods The CT findings of 115 intestinal obstructive patients with unknown causes were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of the 115 patients,the diagnosis of intestinal obstruction was comfirmed by CT in 110 cases patients,the correct diagnostic rate was 95.7%.Conclusions Abdominal CT is a rapid、simple and effective means for diagnosis of the location、cause and degree of obstruction in cases of intestinal obstruction with unknown cause.It can act as an important basis for the treatment program by doctors.

Objective To study the effects of soybean isoflavone(SI) on lipid peroxidation and liver ultrastructure in ovariectomized rats. Methods Seventy female Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the levels of total cholesterol(TC) in serum: hyper-lipoid group,estrogen group,low-dose SI group,middle-dose SI group,high-dose SI group,sham group and normal control group.After bilateral ovaries were extirpated except sham and normal control groups for a week,the estrogen,different doses of SI or deionized water were fed with intragastric administration for 12 weeks.The rat body weight was weighted once per week and blood samples were collected at the time of ovariectomization,the 4th and 8th weeks after administeration at the time of being killed.The serum TC,triglyceride(TG),high or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C,LDL-C),lipoprotein(a) and antioxygen enzyme were assayed. Results LDL-C levels in SI intervention groups were significantly lower than that in hyper-lipoid groups but higher than that in normal control group;the levels of lipoprotein(a) were changed;there was almost no effect on HDL-C in serum.SI could retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte;there was similar structure in high dose SI group and normal control group.An obvious damage was detected in hyper-lipoid group.Conclusion SI can improve lipoprotein(a) and lipid peroxidation in ovariectomized rats.A continuous intervention with high-SI can reduce LDL-C to normal lever and retain integrity and ultrastructure of hepatocyte.

Objective To evaluate the sufentanil-sparing effect of ketorolac tromethamine for postoperative analgesia in the elderly patients.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged ≥ 65 yr,with a body mass index of 18-24 kg/m2,undergoing elective gynecological operations,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n =30 each):sufentanil group(group S)and ketorolac tromethamine plus sufentanil group(group T).Both groups received combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)after operation.PCIA solution contained ketorolac tromethamine 180 mg and sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group T.After a loading dose of ketorolac tromethamine 30 mg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 rain lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group T.PCIA solution contained sufentanil 100 μg in 100 ml of normal saline in group S.After a loading dose of sufentanil 5 μg was injected intravenously at 15 min before the end of operation,the PCA pump was set up with a 1.6 ml bolus dose,a 20 min lockout interval and background infusion at a rate of 1.5 ml/h in group S.The effective analgesia(postoperative VAS scores at rest and during activity ＜ 3)was maintained within 48 h after operation.The amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation and adverse effects were recorded.Results Compared with group S,the amount of sufentanil consumed within 48 h after operation was significantly reduced,and the incidence of nausea and vomiting,urinary retention and pruritus was significantly decreased in group T(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Ketorolac tromethamine used with PCIA with sufenlanil has a significant sufentanil-sparing effecl for posloperative analgesia and improves the safety of analgesia in the elderly patients.

Influenza A virus is an enveloped virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family. Acute fever, generalized pain, fatigue and respiratory symptoms are the typical symptoms after influenza A virus infection. Influenza A virus triggers the activation of signaling pathways that are dependent on host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I receptors (RLRs) and NLRs. Then these signaling pathways activate downstream transcript factors that induce expression of various interferons and cytokines (IL-1, IL-18). This review will elaborate the mechanisms of these PRRs.

Objective To explore the value of ultrasound elastography in the non-invasive monitoring of liver elasticity of stable recipients at different stages after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 73 stable recipients after liver transplantation were collected. According to the time after liver transplantation, all patients were divided into the early group (n=25) and medium-to-long group (n=48). In addition, 38 healthy subjects were assigned into the control group. The ultrasound indexes and liver function indexes were statistically compared among each group. The ultrasound elastography indexes of liver and spleen were analyzed, and their correlation with liver function indexes was analyzed. Results Compared with the control group, the ultrasound indexes, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were significantly increased in the early group (all P < 0.05), and the ultrasound indexes in the medium-to-long group were significantly increased, whereas the GGT level was significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Compared with the early group, the right oblique diameter of liver, ALT, GGT and ALP levels were significantly decreased in the medium-to-long group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the sound touch elastography (STE) and sound touch quantify (STQ) values of liver and STE value of spleen in the early group and medium-to-long group were significantly increased (all P < 0.05). Compared with the early group, the ultrasound elastography indexes of liver and spleen in the medium-to-long group were remarkably decreased (all P < 0.05). The ultrasound elastography indexes of liver were weakly correlated with the ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and GGT levels, significantly correlated with ALP level. The STE value of spleen was weakly correlated with the ALP level. The STE value of liver was significantly correlated with the STQ value of liver. The STE and STQ values of liver were weakly correlated with the STE value of spleen. Conclusions The characteristics of liver elasticity in stable recipients after liver transplantation are various among different stages. Persistent monitoring of liver elasticity may provide a novelnon-invasive monitoring method during follow-up after liver transplantation.

To improve the efficiency of targeted gene replacement (TGR), a dual screen (DS) system with gusA gene as negative selective marker (GUS-DS) was developed in Magnaporthe oryzae. First, we tested the endogenous beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activities of 78 fungal strains. All tested strains were GUS-, only with 3 exceptions. Whereas, after the gusA being introduced in, M. oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum lagenarium acquired high GUS activities. The gusA is thus usable as a selective maker in fungal species. With gusA as the negative marker, HPH gene as the positive marker, and the peroxisomal targeting signal receptor genes MGPEX5 and MGPEX7 as 2 instances of target genes, we established the GUS-DS system. After transformation, we collected the transformants from hygromycin B screen media and then tested the GUS activities of them. The GUS- ones were selected as potential mutants and checked in succession by PCR and Southern blotting to identify the true mutants and calculate the efficiency of GUS-DS. As a result, GUS-DS improved the screen efficiency for delta mgpex5 from 65.8% to 90.6%, and for delta mgpex7 from 31.2% to 82.8%. In addition, we established a multiple PCR (M-PCR) method for mutant confirmation. By amplifying the different regions at the targeted locus, M-PCR differentiated the wild type, the ectopic transformants and the mutants effectively and rapidly, and had the same reliability as Southern blotting. In conclusion, GUS-DS and M-PCR are useful tools to improve the efficiency of TGR and would be helpful for fungal genomics.
Escherichia coli ; enzymology ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genes, Fungal ; Glucuronidase ; genetics ; Magnaporthe ; genetics ; Mutagenesis, Insertional ; methods ; Mutation ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transformation, Genetic

Objective: To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in cytokine IL6, IL10 genes and the susceptibility to primary hepatic carcinoma(PHC) of Shunde district in Guangdong Province. Methods: Patients from two hospitals in Shunde District of Foshan City were selected from October 2010 to October 2012. Case group inclusion criteria includedprimary liver cancer; local residents of Shunde or living in Shunde for more than 10 years. The control group inclusion criteria included: patients visited ENT, general surgery and physical examination department in the same hospital during the same period; Local residents or living in Shunde for 10 years and above. The control group was matched 1∶1 by gender, and age (±3 years old) with case group. A total of 306 subjects were collected. Questionnaires were used to investigate the information including demographic characteristics, PHC status survey and so on. The venous blood was collected from each subject to extract DNA, and to detect label SNP site and genotype. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was detected in the control group by the goodness-of-fit χ² test. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the relationship between IL6 (rs1800796), IL10 (rs1800871, rs1800872)genes polymorphisms and susceptibility to PHC. Results: There were 264 males and 42 females both in the case group and the control group, with an average age of (55.84±11.49) and (55.83±11.67) years old respectively (t=0.011, P=0.992). The frequencies of IL6 (rs1800796), IL10 (rs1800871) and IL10 (rs1800872) genotypes in the control group were in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which indicated the population was representative (all P values>0.05). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the AA genotype and AA+AC genotype of IL10(rs1800872), CC genotype increased the risk of PHC by 2.02 times (OR=3.02, 95%CI:1.21-7.56)and 1.89 times (OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.19-7.04)respectively after the smoking history, eating fish history, drinking history, chronic hepatitis B infection, and family history of liver cancer adjusted. No statistical association was found between SNP in cytokine IL6 (rs1800796) and the susceptibility to PHC (P>0.05). Conclusion The results indicated that people who carried CC genotype in rs1800872 of IL10 gene have an increasing risk of PHC.

Objective To investigate the physical and magnetic properties and cytotoxity of 5-FAM-dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles ( 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 ) , and to observe the cell-labeling character of these nanoparticles. Methods 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 were prepared by ultra-sonic and chemical coprecipitation method and the characteristics were evaluated. The size and distribution of 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 were measured by transmission electron microscope ( TEM) and Malvern Zetasizer. The organic structure of the coating was characterized by fourier translation infrared spectroscopy. The optical imaging ability was measured by ultraviolet visible spectrometer and the susceptibility was measured by vi-brating sample magnetometer. In vitro cytotoxities of 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 , dextran-Fe3 O4 and Fe3 O4 were detected by MTT assay. The area of labeled neuronal cells was observed by confocal microscopy after incuba-ted with nanoparticles under different magnetic intensities. One-way analysis of variance was used. Results The size of 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 was homogeneous under TEM, and the diameter ranged from 15 to 25 nm ( average=22 nm) by Malvern Zetasizer. The organic structure of the coating of Fe3 O4 was confirmed by fou-rier translation infrared spectroscopy. Ultraviolet visible spectrometer observation showed that the nanoparti-cles expressed unanimous green fluorescence under ultraviolet activation. The saturation magnetization, residu-al magnetization and coercivity of the nanoparticles by magnetometer detection were 86. 02 A · m2 · kg-1 , 15. 05 A·m2 ·kg-1 and 5414.01 A/m respectively, showing superparamagnetic character. MTT assay re-sults showed that 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3 O4 had no obvious cytotoxicity. The confocal microscopy observation in-dicated that the cell-labeled area reached the maximum under the magnetic field intensity of 500 mT ((0. 880±0.146) mm2, F=320.298, P<0.05). Conclusions 5-FAM-dextran-Fe3O4 prepared by ultra-sonic coprecipitation method have the advantages of small size, good homogeneity and magnetic property. Therefore, they might be used as the fluorescent magnetic bio-probe in laboratory and clinical studies.