Objective To compare the safety and efficiency of endoscopic total extraperitoneal patchplasty(TEP)and modified Kugel hernioplasty for inguinal hernia.Methods The clinical data of 284 cases(312 surgeries)of preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair,including 134 cases(152 surgeries)of TEP and 150 cases (160 surgeries)of modified Kugel hernioplasty,were retrospectively evaluated from June 2009 to June 2011.Mean operative time,postoperative hospital stay,postoperative complications and recur-rence were compared between groups.Results There were no significant differences in mean operative time [(48.75 ±12.14)min vs(51.46 ±24.76)min,P=0.248],postoperative hospital stay [(5.23 ± 1.85)d vs(5.84 ±1.52),P=0.126],postoperative complications [5 cases(3.3%)vs 8 cases(5.0%), P=0.598]and recurrence [1 case(0.7%)vs 2 cases(1.3%),P=1.00]between TEP and modified Kugel hernioplasty,espectively.Conclusion TEP and modified Kugel hernioplasty are both methods for preperitoneal hernia repair and they can completely repair the defect of myopectineal orifice.They are safe and effective,which is worthy of being spread in clinical practice.

α-Amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptor, a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors widely distributed in the central nervous system, mediates the fast excitatory neurotransmission. Meanwhile more and more evidence indicates that AMPA receptor plays an important role in synaptic plasticity as well as central sensitization, and it also has close relationships with nervous system diseases. Over stimulation of AMPA receptor would produce excitotoxicity, leading to neuronal damage and finally resulting in a multitude of nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral scelerosis,Parkinson′s dis-ease. Competitive AMPA receptor antagonists that downregulate AMPA receptor′s function are of great importance in the prevention and treatment of nervous system diseases. This article reviews the research advances of competitive AMPA receptor antagonists.

Objective To investigate the effect of oncolytic adenovirus vector SG600-IL24expressing human melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7/IL-24) on hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines with different metastatic potential of HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and normal liver cell line LO2. Methods The oncolytic adenovirus SG600-IL24 which carrying mda-7/IL-24 gene was transfected into hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and normal liver cell line. The mRNA and protein expression of mda7/IL-24 in HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and LO2 cell lines was confirmed by RT-PCR,ELISA assay and Western blot respectively. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to study tumor cell proliferation and cell cycle in vitro. Hoechst33258 and flow cytometry were studied to indicate the apoptosis effects. Results It was confirmed by RT-PCR, ELISA assay and Western-blot that the exogenous mda-7/IL-24 gene was highly expressed in HepG2, SMMC7721, MHCC97L and LO2 cell lines. MTT and apoptosis detection indicated that MDA-7/IL-24 can induce the growth suppression (the inhibition rate was 75% ±2. 5% ,86% ±3. 5% ,and promotes apoptosis ( the apoptosis rate was 56. 5% ± 4. 0% , 34. 4% ± 2. 0% , 43. 3% ± 2. 5%cell lines at G2/M phase ( the blocking rate was 35. 4% ± 4. 2% , 40. 5% ± 5. 0% , 42. 0% ± 5. 0%metastatic potential hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines but not in normal liver cell line.Conclusions Oncolytic adenovirus vector SG600-IL24 can selectively induce growth suppression, promote apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma lines in vitro but not in normal liver cell LO2.

There has been an ongoing search for clinically acceptable methods for the accurate, efficient and simple diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Optical spectroscopy is a technique with potential clinical applications to diagnose cancer diseases. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optical properties of HCC tissues and non-tumorous hepatic tissues and identify the difference between them. A total of 55 tissue samples (HCC tissue, n=38; non-tumorous hepatic tissue, n=17) were surgically resected from patients with HCC. The optical parameters were measured in 10-nm steps using single-integrating-sphere system in the wavelength range of 400 to 1800 nm. It was found that the optical properties and their differences varied with the wavelength for the HCC tissue and the non-tumorous hepatic tissue in the entire wavelength range of research. The absorption coefficient of the HCC tissue (1.48±0.99, 1.46±0.88, 0.86±0.61, 2.15±0.53, 0.54±0.10, 0.79±0.15 mm(-1)) was significantly lower than that of the non-tumorous hepatic tissue (2.79±1.73, 3.13±1.47, 3.06±2.79, 2.57±0.55, 0.62±0.10, 0.93±0.16 mm(-1)) at wavelengths of 400, 410, 450, 1450, 1660 and 1800 nm, respectively (P<0.05). The reduced scattering coefficient of HCC tissue (5.28±1.70, 4.91±1.54, 1.26±0.35 mm(-1)) and non-tumorous hepatic tissue (8.14±3.70, 9.27±3.08, 2.55±0.57 mm(-1)) was significantly different at 460, 500 and 1800 nm respectively (P<0.05). These results show different pathologic liver tissues have different optical properties. It provides a better understanding of the relationship between optical parameters and physiological characteristics in human liver tissues. And it would be very useful for developing a non-invasive, real-time, simple and efficient way for medical management of HCC in the future.

Objective To explore the mechanism of melanoma differentiation associated gene-7(mda-7) in combination with adriamycin(ADM) killing the HCC HepG2 cells and reversing their multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods The experiment was conducted in three groups including the combined group, ADM group and mda-7 group. MTT assay and FCM were used to determine the differences among the 3 groups and clarify the reversing effect of combined treatment on multidrug resistance of the tumor cells. Expression levels of MDR-1, STAT-3, BCL-2, BAXmRNA were determined with real-time PCR. Western blotting was performed to observe the changes of proteins gp-l70, stat3,P-stat3, PKB, bcl-2,bax in all 3 groups. Result After transfection with 100VP/cell Ad. mda-7,the growth suppression rate of HepG2 treated by ADM (1.5 mg/L) rose from 17.46% to 79. 5%.According to the changes, killed HepG2 cells were increased by a factor of 4.55. times. MDR-1 mRNA was decreased from (16.49 ± 0. 11) to (5.48±0.05) and STAT-3 mRNA increased from (13.17±0. 08) to (21. 57±0. 11)(P＜0.05). Western blotting also showed that P-170 and PKB was decreased and the phosphorylation-stat-3 increased after the combined treatment. Conclusion Ad.mda-7 can reverse the multidrug resistance HepG2 cells. It inhibits the expression of MDR-1 mRNA,then arrests PKB protein and the signaling pathway of active stat-3 to induce apoptosis of HCC cells.

Objective:To describe the current status of smoking among Chinese people aged 15 and above and analyze its epidemic evolution.Methods:A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling design of the Global Adult Tobacco Survey was used. The cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to December 2018, covering 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces of China. Field data was collected through in-house face-to-face interviews by trained investigators using a tablet computer. 19 376 individual questionnaires were completed, with an overall response rate of 91.50%. The data were weighted for complex sampling and analyzed with SAS 9.4.Results:In 2018, the current smoking prevalence of adults aged 15 and above was 26.59%, with that higher among males (50.47%) than among females (2.07%) and higher among those in rural (28.87%) than among those in urban areas (25.05%). The quitting rate was 20.10%, with a higher rate among females (30.22%) than males (19.64%). However, there was no significant difference between rural and urban areas ( P=0.864). Compared with the previous data, the smoking rate tends to drop, with a substantial decrease among the 25-44 age groups and 45-64 age groups. The most significant decline occurs among those with higher education (Junior college and above). In addition, in 2018, current daily smokers aged 15 and above in China started to smoke daily at an average age of 20.95 years old. For current smokers, 16.00 cigarettes were consumed each day on average. Conclusion:Although the current smoking prevalence among the Chinese population aged 15 and above tends to decrease, the decreasing speed is too slow to achieve the target set in the Healthy China Action (2019-2030). Consequently, much more effective efforts to control tobacco need to be enforced.

There has been an ongoing search for clinically acceptable methods for the accurate,efficient and simple diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Optical spectroscopy is a technique with potential clinical applications to diagnose cancer diseases.The purpose of this study was to obtain the optical properties of HCC tissues and non-tumorous hepatic tissues and identify the difference between them.A total of 55 tissue samples (HCC tissue,n=38; non-tumorous hepatic tissue,n=17)were surgically resected from patients with HCC.The optical parameters were measured in 10-nm steps using single-integrating-sphere system in the wavelength range of 400 to 1800 nm.It was found that the optical properties and their differences varied with the wavelength for the HCC tissue and the non-tumorous hepatic tissue in the entire wavelength range of research.The absorption coefficient of the HCC tissue (1.48±0.99,1.46±0.88,0.86±0.61,2.15±0.53,0.54±0.10,0.79±0.15 mm-1) was significantly lower than that of the non-tumorous hepatic tissue (2.79±1.73,3.13±1.47,3.06±2.79,2.57±0.55,0.62±0.10,0.93±0.16 mm-1) at wavelengths of 400,410,450,1450,1660 and 1800 nm,respectively (P＜0.05).The reduced scattering coefficient of HCC tissue (5.28±1.70,4.91±1.54,1.26±0.35 mm-1) and non-tumorous hepatic tissue (8.14±3.70,9.27±3.08,2.55±0.57 mm-1) was significantly different at 460,500 and 1800 nm respectively (P＜0.05).These results show different pathologic liver tissues have different optical properties.It provides a better understanding of the relationship between optical parameters and physiological characteristics in human liver tissues.And it would be very useful for developing a non-invasive,real-time,simple and efficient way for medical management of HCC in the future.

Objective An optimal radiation dose was made research on tumor cells to develop effective tumor fusion vaccines. Methods We used the RS 2000 biological X-ray radiation instrument to produce different dose of X-rays.Mouse liver cancer cells line,BNL 1ME a.7R.1(MEAR),was used for experiment.The RS 2000 biological X-ray radiation was applied to create different tumor cell clones,which could help us to study the rela-tionship between irradiation dose and tumor cells′proliferation activity.Furthermore,the fusion cells′anti-tumor ef-fect was examined by flow cytometry. Results High-dose radiation would induce the lower proliferation of cancer cells than low-dose irradiation do.Conclusions During the preparation of fusion vaccines,irradiation dose should be considered as a factor that would influence the tumor cells′ proliferation activity. When the dose of irradiation was appropriate,we could make safe and efficient integration cell vaccines.

Objective: To investigate the effects of cigarette smoking in different manners on acute lung injury in rats .Methods: The commercially available cigarettes with tar of 1,5, 11 mg were smoked in Canada depth smoking ( health canada method , HCM) manner , and those with tar of 11 mg were also smoked in international standard ( ISO) smoking manner .Rats were fixed and exposed to mainstream in a manner of nose-mouth exposure .After 28 days, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from left lung were collected for counting and classification of inflammatory cells and determination of pro -inflammatory cytokines IL-1βand TNF-α.The right lungs were subjected to histological examination and determination of myeloperoxidase ( MPO ) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and glutathione , reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.Results:In both HCM and ISO manners , the degree of lung injury was closely related to the tar content of cigarettes , and significant decrease in the body weight of rats was observed after smoking for one week .In a HCM manner , smoking with cigarette of 11 mg tar resulted in robust infiltration of macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils into lungs , significant increase in IL-1βand TNF-αlevels and MPO activities , and significant decrease in GSH levels and SOD activities and increase in ROS and MDA levels ( all P <0.05 ) .Smoking with cigarette of 5 mg tar led to moderate increase in IL-1βand TNF-αlevels, and MPO activities (all P<0.05), and moderate decrease in GSH levels and SOD activities and increase of ROS and MDA levels ( all P<0.05).However, smoking with cigarette of 1 mg tar affected neither inflammatory cell infiltration nor IL-1βand TNF-αlevels.Conclusion: Cigarette smoking in nose-mouth exposure manner can induce acute lung injury in rats; and the degree of lung injury is closely related to the content of tar and other hazards in cigarettes .

Objective:To describe the current situation on quit intention and quit attempts among current smokers aged 15 years and above in China and explore the main factors affecting their smoking cessation behaviors.Methods:The subjects were people aged 15 years and above in China. A stratified multi-phased randomized cluster sampling method was used. The survey covered 200 districts/counties in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), including 19 376 people under investigation. The data were weighted with SAS 9.4 for complex sampling analysis, and the frequency and weighted component ratio were used for description. The influencing factors were studied using the Rao Scott χ2 test and unconditional multivariate logistic regression. Results:Among current smokers, 6.63% reported that they planned to quit smoking in the next month, 5.44% for men and 8.49% for women. 17.96% of the current smokers made quit attempts in the past 12 months, with 17.80% men and 22.15% women. People who smoke occasionally ( OR=3.42, 95% CI: 2.09-5.59) made quit attempts in the past ( OR=4.91, 95% CI: 0.33-0.52) and knew that smoking would lead to three diseases ( OR=2.24, 95% CI: 1.48-3.40) had higher quit intention. People who occasionally smoke ( OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.20-2.34) received smoking cessation suggestions from medical staff ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.62-2.37), were a ware of that smoking causes three diseases ( OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.32-2.02) and had smoking prohibition regulations in indoor areas of their homes, had a higher rate of quit attempts. Conclusion:Providing effective smoking cessation intervention services and creating a supportive tobacco control environment are significant in promoting smoking cessation behavior.