ObjectiveTo study the effect of TGF-? 1 signal transduction blocked by antisense-Smad 4 gene on progression of experimental liver fibrosis of Kunming mice.MethodsWe transfered retrovirus-mediated antisense Smad 4cDNA into the CCl4/ethanol induced cirrhotic liver of Kunming mouse model to investigate the antisense-Smad 4 gene integration by Southern blot. The expression of Smad 4 in cirrhotic liver was observed by Northern blot, RT-PCR, and Western blot. The fibrotic degree of the livers among the three groups were compared.ResultsThe antisense-Smad 4 gene was confirmed to integrate into the liver of the retrovirus-treated mouse .In the non-treated cirrhotic liver, the expression of Smad 4 mRNA was significantly increased than normal liver, the antisense Smad 4 gene could decrease the expression of Smad 4. Compared with the non-treated liver, the fibrotic septa of the liver in the retrovirus-treated mouse were fewer,narrow, and incomplete,and their fibrotic degree of the treated-liver was reduced.ConclusionThese results indicate that antisense-Smad 4 gene can reduce the expression of Smad 4,inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of early total care (ETC) for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.Methods This retrospective case series study included eighteen patients with unstable pelvic fractures treated surgically from May 2013 to May 2015.There were 11 male and 7 female patients,aged (45.1 ± 13.1)years.Eleven patients were injured due to road traffic accidents and 7 due to fall from height.Tile B type pelvic fractures were seen in 8 patients and Tile C type in 10 patients.All patients were treated with ETC method and received open reduction and internal fixation within 24 to 48 hours after the primary treatment.Data were collected,such as operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital length of stay and perioperative complications.Majeed score and EuroQol 5 dimension (EQ-5D) were used for evaluation of clinical outcome and quality of life respectively.Excellent and good rate of operation was assessed using the Matta clinical evaluation standard.Results Three patients died and fifteen patients survived.Operation time was (120.1 ± 22.2)minutes,amount of intraoperative blood loss was (355.9 ± 56.4) ml,and hospitalization was (8.5 ± 1.6) days.Incidence of perioperative complications was 56％,including 3 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome,1 pneumonia,2 acute lung injury,1 incisional wound infection,2 multiple organ failure and 1 diffuse intravascular coagulation.All patients were followed up for (15.1 ±2.4)months (range,12-21 months).Majeed score was decreased from preoperative (93.7 ± 6.1) points to final follow-up of (74.1 ± 9.2) points,and the EQ-5D index was decreased from preoperative 0.96 ± 0.04 to final follow-up of 0.74 ± 0.19 (both P ＜ 0.05).Excellent and good rate of operation was 80％.Conclusions ECT provides satisfactory short-term outcome for treatment of unstable pelvic fractures,but the incidence of complications is high.Doctors should choose reasonable treatment plan according to the surgical indications.

Objective To investigate current status of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)and community-associated infection(CAI)of different levels of hospitals in Xinjiang.Methods Infection,antimicrobial use and pathogen detection in patients in second-class and above hospitals in Xinjiang on March 20,2014 were performed cross-sectional survey by bedside visiting and medical record reviewing methods.Results A total of 66 208 patients in 132 hospitals were investigated,HAI prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 1.83% and 2.02% respectively;CAI prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 24.53% and 24.83% respectively.HAI prevalence rate in third-class hospitals was higher than second-class hospitals (2.58% vs 1.44%,P <0.001),while CAI prevalence rate was lower than second-class hospitals (17.84% vs 28.01%,P<0.001).HAI prevalence rate was highest in intensive care unit (14.91%),CAI was highest in pediatric department. The common infection sites were respiratory tract,surgical site and urinary tract.Antimicrobial usage rate was 31.27%, antimicrobial usage rate in second-class hospitals was higher than that of the third-class hospitals([35.95%,n=15 642]vs [22.32%,n=5 064],χ2 =1 288.974,P <0.001),pathogen detection rate in third-class hospitals was higher than that of the second-class hospitals([59.40%,n=2 224]vs [53.59%,n=6 436],χ2 =38.964,P <0.001 )Gram-negative bacilli were main isolated pathogens,the top 3 pathogens were Escherichia coli ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Acinetobacter bau-mannii .Conclusion The cross-sectional survey can reflect infection status of different levels of hospitals,surveillance of targeted microbial detection and rational antimicrobial use should be strengthened,management of infection in high risk population and key sites should be paid close attention.

Objective:To investigate the management of pelvic injury associated with complete anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation.Methods:In the study, 6 cases of pelvic injury associated with complete an-terior sacroiliac joint dislocation treated in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from February 2008 to June 2014 were analyzed.We described the history and severity of injury, emergency treatment, and fracture radio-logy.In all the cases, the surgical treatment and postoperative functional exercise were performed.We followed up all the cases on an average of 1.6 years, assessed the postoperative recovery and summed up the treatment experience.Results:All the 6 patients with fractures recovered without infection and nerve symptoms after surgery.Their X-rays showed good reduction of sacroiliac joints.All the cases were followed up on an average of 1.6 years.Six months after surgery, the Majeed scores were perfect in 2 cases, good in 2, fair in 1, and poor in 1.The patients with poor scores suffered persistent pain, and decreased physical activity, and when walking long distances, they needed a walking stick.The 2 patients with low scores could not resume the original work.Conclusion:Pelvic injury associated with complete anterior sacroiliac joint dislocation is a special type of the pelvic injury since the managements during the emergency phase are difficult.The surgery should be done as early as possible, and the anterior approach is available for the reduction and fixation.

Although internal fixation is still a standard treatment for geriatric Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ femoral neck fractures, it is reported to lead to a high rate of reoperation. Therefore, identification of risk factors for internal fixation failure can help a sensible decision-making in initial treatment. In recent years, many studies have suggested that posterior tilt of the femoral head before surgery may affect the rates of internal fixation failure and reoperation. Some studies have even recommended hip arthroplasty for geriatric Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ femoral neck fractures. However, different studies adopted different measurement methods and thus obtained inconsistent results. By literature review, this article expounds on various measurement methods for femoral head tilt and correlation between posterior tilt of femoral head and prognosis after internal fixation, and compares therapeutic efficacy between internal fixation and hip arthroplasty, hoping to provide useful information and data for clinical treatment of geriatric Garden Ⅰ/Ⅱ femoral neck fractures.

The interaction between drugs is mainly guided by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system. CYP participates in the physical biotransformation of a majority of endobiotic and xenobiotic molecules, especially drugs. It is quite crucial and urgent to investigate drugs effect on CYP before clinical application to ensure the clinical safety and pharmacy validity. In this paper, the progresses on the effect of traditional Chinese medicines on cytochrome P450 activities from 2000-2011 are reviewed.
Animals ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Objective To investigate the effect of dexcedetomidine on the postoperative delirium in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spine surgery. Methods 160 patients (7-16 years of age) with idiopathic scoliosis undergoing posterior spinal fusion were randomly divided in to two groups. Group SS (n=80) included patients anesthetized with sevorane and sufentanil, group SSD (n=80) included patients anesthetized with sevorane,sufentanil and dexcedetomidine. In the latter group, dexcedetomidine was administered as a continuous infusion of 0.2 ug/h started after the induction of anesthesia without a loading dose. Sevorane was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) number at 40-60 and vasoactive drugs was adjusted to maintain the mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 65-75 mmHg. The amount of anesthetic, the time of anesthesia recovery,restlessness during recovery and postoperative delirium were recorded. Results The amount of sevorane, the incidence of restlessness during recovery and the incidence of postoperative delirium were significantly lower in the group SSD than in group SS ( <0.05) . Conclusion The perioperative infusion of 0.2 ug/h dexcedetomidine can decrease the incidence of postoperative delirium in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spine surgery.

Objective To investigate the predictive factors and prognosis of early intrahepatic recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Clinicopathological dats of 184 HCC patients with intrahepatic recurrence after curative resection were collected.Thirteen clinicopathological factors and prognosis after recurrence were retrospectively analyzed. Results Univariate analysis showed that preoperative scrota alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)>100 ng/ml,tumour size>5 cm,venous invasion and intra-operative blood transfusion were predictive factors of early intrahepatic recurrence,and selum albumin<35 g/L was marginally predictive factor.Multivariate analysis showed that serum AFP>100 ng/ml,tumour size>5 cm and venous invasion were independent predictive factots of early intrahepatic recurrence.The survival of patients suffering from early recurrence was significantly shorter than those with late recurrence.with median survival period of 12 mos vs 18 mos(P=0.012).Conclusion Serum AFP,tumour size and venous invasion were independent predictive factors of early intrahepatic recurrence in HCC patients after radical resection of the primary tumor.Early intrahepatic recurrence implies poor prognosis.

ObjectiveTo summarize the experience of managing portal hypertension( PHT) complicated with hyperthyroidism. Methods5 patients with hyperthyroidism complicated PHT were performed with splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization after preoperative management, and the experience of pre- and postoperative management was summarized. Results1 patient occurred postoperative thyroid crisis and was cured with tranquilizing, prenisone and sodium iodide;the other 4 went through perioperation safely. The preoperative WBC,RBC,Hb and Pt were(2.018±0.536)×109/L,(2.97±0.42)×1012/L,(87±15.6)g/L and (38.4±13.24)×109/L, respectively, which rose to (6.54±0.398)×109/L, (3.636±0.387)×1012/L, (108.6±9.633)g/L and (240.4±84.54)×109 /L, respectively after operation. WBC and platelets of all patients reached normal level postoperatively. ConclusionProper perioperative management ensures that patients with hyperthyroidism complicated PHT survive the splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization, which renders opportunity for treating hyperthyroidism with medicine or surgery.

Objective To investigate the effect of the second resection for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma discovered after cholecystectomy.Methods A retrospective clincopathological analysis was conducted for 45 cases of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma receiving second operation at our hospital from January 2000 to December 2010.Result Of the 45 cases with unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma (33 pT2,12 pT3 ),40 cases received second radical reeection of the liver bed with lymph dissection; the remaining 5 cases received palliative operation.Amongst 45 patients lymph metastasis (4 pT2,6 pT3 ) was found in 10 cases,liver metastasis ( 2 pT2,1 pT3 ) in 3,parietal seeding in 1 ( pT3 ) and distant metastasis ( pT2 ) in one.The 5 patients receiving palliative operation died in 3 ～ 8 months and 40 patients receiving the radical operation achieved long-term survival ( 40.4 ± 2.7 months) after the operation.The effect of second operation which was done within 4 weeks after the first cholecystectomy was better than that of the operation done beyond 4 weeks ( survival time 37.1 ± 2.2 vs 22.4 ± 5.8months).Conclusions Radical resection for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma discovered after the initial cholecystectomy helps improve prognosis and prolong patients survival time.