Complex genetic variation has been known to occur during the transmission of human enterovirus (HEV), and the HEV virulence and pathogenicity enhanced by genetic recombination also pose a serious threat to human health. In recent years, the interest in recombination mechanism of genetic plasticity has been renewed with the emergence of pathogenic recombinant circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, which were implicated in poliomyelitis outbreaks in several regions of the world with insufficient vaccination coverage. This paper reviews recent research progress in HEV genome, including evolutionary characteristics, recombination types, and in vitro recombinant construction.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; trends ; Enterovirus ; classification ; genetics ; Enterovirus Infections ; virology ; Humans ; Recombination, Genetic ; Viral Proteins ; genetics

Objective To improve the recognition of intramedullary spinal abscess by a case of congenital dermal sinus with intramedullary spinal abscess and reduco the incidence of congenital dermal sinus with intramedullary spinal abscess.Methods Clinical,laboratory data and image of a confirmed case about one infant of congenital dermal sinus with multiple intramedullary spinal abscess were investigated,the related literature was reviewed.Results In this case,when the infant with congential dermal sinus had infection,he failed to gain antibiotic therapy, timely surgical treatment,his infection had diffused, and multiple intramedullary spinal abscess flared up.Conclusions Intramedullary spinal abscess is a rare disease.If treatment is delayed, the prognosis is poor and the mortality rate is high.MRI is the ideal investigation for diagnosis.Intramedullary spinal abscess can happen subsequent to congenital dermal sinus with infection, and cause neurological sequela. So an infant with congenital dermal sinus should be offered to avoid complication caused by infection.

Adult ; Arsenic ; pharmacology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; chemically induced ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Shengji Huayu Recipe (SHR)on the expression of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in the skin ulcer tissue of diabetic rats.

METHODSThe skin ulcer model was established in diabetic mice. Different compatibility proportions of SHR [the ratio of Shengji Recipe (SJR) to Huayu Recipe (HYR) = 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, respectively] were used to intervene. The expression of MMP-3 protein in the skin ulcer of diabetic rats was detected by Western blot method,and TIMP-1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSAt each time point, there was no statistical difference in the blood glucose level among groups (P > 0.05). But all of them increased significantly,when compared with those of the normal wound group (P < 0.01). As for the difference between after would area treatment and before would area treatment, better effect was obtained in the SHR No. 3 group and the normal ulcer group than in the diabetic ulcer model group (P < 0.05). Results of Western blot showed that the MMP-3 protein expression was higher in the SHR No. 2 group than in the SHR No.3 group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical results showed that TIMP-1 protein expression was lower in the SHR No. 2 group than in the SHR No. 3 group and the diabetic ulcer model group (P < 0.05). TIMP-1 protein expression was higherin the SHR No. 3 group than in the SHR No. 2 group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONUsing SHR No.3 was conducive to the promotion of wound healing in early wound repair stage, and using SHR No. 2 might be conducive to inhibiting the formation of pathological scar.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin ; drug effects ; pathology ; Skin Ulcer ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism

Objective: To investigate the role of NF-?B in signal transduction of hepatocyte apoptosis in liver injury. Methods: A total of 42 Chang-Bai piglets were divided into 7 groups: control group, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours wound group. The model of intestinal perforations due to abdominal firearm wound was established in wound groups. Hepatic NF-?B activity was measured with immunohistochemical staining and image analysis in all groups. Hepatocyte apoptosis indexes and serum ALT levels were also determined. Results: Levels of hepatic NF-?B activity in wounded groups were significantly elevated compared with control group, and there were two peaks (1 and 8 hours group P

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between clinical characteristics and prognosis of neonatal cerebral infarction and to draw attention to the disease to improve the long-term outcome through early diagnosis and intervention.

METHODSThe clinical characteristics of 6 confirmed cases were summarized. Perinatal conditions and other factors were analyzed for possible causes of the disease. The survived patients were followed-up for 6-8 months.

RESULTSThe authors diagnosed 6 cases of neonatal cerebral infarction in one year, which accounted for 0.6% (6/969) of all the in-patients in the same time period. Among them 3 cases were confirmed as cerebrovascular malformations by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), In 1 case the infarction was due to severe bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage, and in another case the disease was related to comprehensive factors such as prematurity, maternal pregnancy induced hypertension and respiratory failure secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and in 1 case the cause was undetermined. Four out of the 6 patients presented with varied forms of convulsions, which became the second leading cause for all the neonatal convulsive events (20%). None of the patients had localized neurological signs in the early course except for abnormal muscular tone of some extent. Cerebral ultrasound scanning in 5 out of 6 cases showed positive results. The diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) was highly valuable for early confirmative diagnosis. Only one case was found normal within one year of follow-up and all the other 5 cases had unfavorable prognoses of varied severity.

CONCLUSIONNeonatal cerebral infarction is not a rare condition and should be considered as one of the important causes for neonatal convulsion. Imaging study is the main technique for diagnosis. The prognoses were poor for those cases for whom early diagnosis and treatment can not be made or those with widespread cerebral lesions.

Brain ; blood supply ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; complications ; Cerebral Infarction ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between STXBP1 gene mutations and refractory seizures with unknown causes in newborns.

METHODSThe coding region of STXBP1 gene was detected using direct Sanger sequencing in 11 newborns with refractory seizures of unknown causes.

RESULTSSTXBP1 gene mutation was found in 1 out of 11 patients. It was a missense mutation: c.1439C>T (p.P480L).

CONCLUSIONSSTXBP1 gene mutation can be found in neonatal refractory seizures of unknown causes, suggesting a new approach of further research of this disease.

Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Munc18 Proteins ; genetics ; Mutation ; Seizures ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of hereditary renal cell carcinoma.

METHODSClinical data of 11 patients with hereditary renal cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively. Eight patients were male and 3 were female, age ranged from 32 to 67 (mean: age 48 years). Four cases were bilateral renal cell carcinoma, and 4 were multiple renal cell carcinoma. Two cases were diagnosed as Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, 6 as familial clear cell renal cell cancer, and 3 as hereditary papillary renal carcinoma.

RESULTSTen patients performed nephron-sparing surgery and/or radical nephrectomy and 1 had no operation. The patients were followed up from 12 to 114 months. Tumor recurrence was observed in 4 patients, 1 patient died of tumor metastasis, and 2 died of other causes. Four patients survived free of tumor.

CONCLUSIONSHereditary renal carcinoma appears in the youth, and it is predominantly multiple and bilateral. Nephron-sparing surgery is the standard method of treatment for the patients.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate risk factors associated with peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 873 patients with colorectal cancer treated at the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2003 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The associations between peritoneal metastasis and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by univariate analysis including independent-samples t test and χ(2) test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that age(P=0.032), tumor size(P=0.001), tumor differentiation(P=0.008), depth of bowel wall invasion(P=0.000), lymph node metastasis(P=0.000), serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level(P=0.003), and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) level(P=0.009) were associated with peritoneal metastasis. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, depth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level and CA19-9 level remained as significant risk factors(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDepth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level, and CA19-9 level are risk factors for peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneum ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the renal function in 149 patients receiving myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from June 2005 to June 2010 in our hospital, and analyze the risk factors resulting in kidney insufficiency and experience in diagnose and therapy. The creatinine clearance (CrCL) and serial creatinine level were evaluated before and after allo-HSCT within 100 days and 1 year. Non-radiation conditioning regimens were used for any patients. The acute kidney insufficiency (AKI) was defined as at least a 1.5-fold rise in serum creatinine level after allo-HSCT within the first 100 days. The chronic kidney insufficiency (CKI) was defined as the creatinine clearance < basal level within 3 months to 1 year after allo-HSCT. The results showed that the kidney insufficiency was found in 41 patients, in which the incidence of AKI was 32/149 (21.5%). CsA, amphotericin B (P = 0.025) and ES (P = 0.022) were defined as risk factors for AKI. The incidence of CKI was 18/138 (13%). cGVHD (P = 0.013) and TA-TMA (P = 0.012) were associated with the development of CKI. The 2-year survival was lower in patients with kidney dysfunction than that in patients without kidney dysfunction (39% vs 74.1%, P < 0.001). The main factors resulting in kidney insufficiency were defined as infection (52%), GVHD (20%), TA-TMA (12%) and tumor relapse (12%). It is concluded that kidney insufficiency is an important complication of allo-HSCT. Careful monitoring kidney function, minimizing the use of amphotericin B, prophylaxis and effective treatment of fungal infection, GVHD and TA-TMA may be effective preventive measures to decrease the incidence of kidney insufficiency.
Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult