Objective By analyzing the clinical and radiographic manifestations of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPDD) to improve the recognization of the disease.Methods Clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of an old female patient with CPDD was reported with literature review.Results An old female patient presented with swollen and pain on the right knee without obvious causes eight years ago,which was characterized by slightly reddness of joint surface,warm of local skin.Thcn she gradually developed swollen and pain in left knee,right ankle,both wrists,bilateral meta-carpophalangeal (MCPJ) and right elbow joints with few joint symptoms and the joints swollen and pain could relieved spontaneouslyitself in about one week.X-ray showed the thin strip of cartilage calcifications in wrist triangular fibrocartilage disc,meniscus of knee and the pubic symphysis were parallel to the surface of cartilage.Examination of microscopy with refractive filter demonstrated that short rod crystals refraction in joint fluid.CPDD was diagnosed and treated with flushing of joint cavity and injections of betamethasone as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug orally.Symptoms relieved after therapy.Conclusion Understanding the disease characteristics of CPDD is beneficial to for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical and imaging features of patients with calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD).Methods The clinical data and X-rays material of knee joint of 20 patients with CPPD were retrospectively analyzed.Pearson/Spearman's correlations analysis was used for statistical analysis with software version 15.0.Results The 20 patients with CPPD had demonstrated that the typical accumulation of calcium,which accounted for about 1.5％o(20/13 536) among patients over 55 years old who had knees X-ray at the same period in Chaoyang Hospital.Female patients of CPPD was 80％ (16/20).Seventeen patients completed follow-up visits.The age of onset for CPPD ranged from 44 to 85 years old,the percentage of CPPD patients over 70 years old was 71％(12/17).Among the 17 cases of followed,14 cases (82％) were patients with paroxysmal arthritis with the initial site of knee joint (79％) and ankle joint (21％).Most patients suffered from moderate to severe pain,while some might have local congestion and increased skin temperature.Five patients had more than two different joints attacked by arthritis.The distribution of the affected areas was knee,ankle,hip,elbow,wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints.The median number of attack was 1.5 times a year,and the median duration of attack was 8.5 days.Among the 14 patients,Six cases of them had no recurrence after treatment,but six cases had recurrent attacks within a year.The imaging of lateral articular facet showed that calcium deposit was extended and thickness of calcification was increased.Plus osteophyte formation stage was 100％ with an average of 3.0±1.6 and 85％ sclerosis of articular facet.The rate of attacks of arthritis had a positive correlation with calcium deposition range of lateral articular facet (r=0.663,P=0.010) and a negative correlation with sclerosis of articular facet (r=-0.548,P=0.042).Conclusion Old patients with paroxysmal joint pain,patients with knee joint or other big joints as the initial joints involved,patients with long duration disease,patients who had more than two joints at attack and patients with calcium deposition in imaging,should be suspected for CPPD clinically.Moreover,patients with a wide range of calcium deposition are high likely to suffer from recurrent arthritis attack.

There are two populations of bacteria to affect the formation of urinary stones in humanity. The first one can promote the formation of urinary stone by increasing urinary pH, decreasing concentration of urinary inhibitors , and damaging the protective urothelial glycosaminoglycan layer. The second inhibit the formation of urinary stones. These bacteria ( mainly the intestinal oxalate degrading bacteria such as Oxalobacter formigenes, lactic acid bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis etc) can decrease urinary oxalate concentration by regulating exogenous oxalate. The problems faced and the developing direction were also indicated.

As a clean, efficient, and renewable energy, hydrogen is regarded as a promising alternative. Because of using biomass as substrate, microbial fermentative hydrogen production can meet the need of sustainable development. The factors affecting the process of microbial fermentative hydrogen production, are analyzed in this paper on the basis of microorganisms, substrates, products and operative parameters. The parameters related to hydrogen production from organic wastes, are also mentioned.

Objective To evaluate effects of chronic arsenic exposure and arsenic exposure time on oxidative DNA lesions in humans. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 108 subjects exposed to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water and 75 control subjects. A cohort study was conducted in 64 subjects exposed to high levels of arsenic in drinking water for 7 or 9 years. Urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydredeoxygnanine(8-OHdG) levels were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit(ELISA). Urinary arsenic concentration was detected with hydride generation atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results In the cross-sectional study, the median of urinary arsenic concentration was 484.17 mg/kg Cr for the arsenic-exposed group, and 13.80 mg/kg Cr for the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t=32.57, P<0.01). The median of urinary 8-OHdG levels was 16.60 and 21.88 mg/kg Cr for arsenic-exposed children and adults respectively, much higher than control children(10.50 mg/kg Cr) and adults (9.11 mg/kg Cr), and the difference was statistically significant (t=5.049, 6913, all P<0.01). Urinary 8-OHdG levels were signifieandy lower for children than adults in the exposed group(t=-1.997, P<0.05). In the cohort study, the median of urinary arsenic concentration was 461.3 mg/kg Cr for the 7-year-exposed subjects and 422.90 mg/kg Cr for the 9-year-expesed subjects, and no significant difference was observed(t=-0.250, P 0.05). The median of urinary 8- OHdG levels for 9-year-exposed children and adults were 23.46 and 24.30 mg/kg Cr respectively, significantly increased compared with those of 7-year-exposed(14.29 and 18.38 mg/kg Cr), and the difference had statical signhqcanees (t= -2.949,-3.055, all P<0.01). Conclusions Chronic arsenic exposure can lead to oxidative DNA lesions in humans. The arsenic-induced DNA lesions may aggravate with the exposure time in a certain period.

In order to identify Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants, the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants were amplified and bidirectionally sequenced based on the Principles for Molecular Identification of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Using DNA Barcoding, which has been promulgated by Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Sequences were analyzed and assembled by Codon Code Aligner V3. 7.1. The relevant data were analyzed by MEGA 5. 0. Species identification analyses were performed by using the nearest distance methods and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. The result showed that the ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Radix were 229-230 bp and the average intra-specific genetic distances were 0.005. The ITS2 sequence lengths of Peucedani Decursivi Radix were 227 bp and the sequences contained no variation site. The average inter-specific K2P genetic distance of Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species were 0.044 and 0.065 respectively. The minimum inter-specific divergence is larger than the maximum intra-specific divergence of Peucedani Decursivi Radix. The nearest distance methods and NJ trees results indicated that Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants species could be identification clearly. The ITS2 regions can stably and accurately distinguish Peucedani Radix, Peucedani Decursivi Radix and their adulterants.
Apiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ; methods ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; Drug Contamination

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major constituents of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LPS recognition and signal transmission are key events in the host defense reaction towards Gram-negative bacteria and are associated with many disorders. Multiple signaling pathways are involved in the response to LPS. With the help of LPS-binding protein and CD14, TLR4 binds with LPS, then recruits myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase, and further phosphorylates and activates TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6). The activated TRAF6 leads to the activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and MAP kinase's pathways that involves in LPS-induced cellular responses and the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL8.
Acute-Phase Proteins ; metabolism ; Carrier Proteins ; metabolism ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; chemistry ; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; physiology ; Signal Transduction

In this paper, the process performance indexes (PPIs) P(p) and P(pk) were introduced and applied to evaluate the process capability and quality consistence of Chinese medicine products. The historical quality analysis data of Qingkailing injection were collected and taken as the research object. The confidence intervals of P(p) and P(pk) were estimated based on the Bootstrap sampling methods. Results showed that the value and width of the confidence interval P(p) of were smaller that of P(pk) suggesting that the P(pk) index was more sensitive than P(p) in process capability analysis. Within the production period concerned, the P(pk) values estimated from different quality indexes of Qingkailing injection, such as baicalin, cholic acid, geniposide and total nitrogen, were 1.122, 2.055, 1.564 and 0.891, respectively. It could be found that the cholic acid had the highest process capability, followed by the geniposide and baicalin. The total nitrogen had the lowest process capability, indicating that it is necessary to reinforce the quality management of total nitrogen related manufacturing processes. The case studies demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of PPIs, which are convenient to be used in production practice of Chinese medicine.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Injections ; Quality Control

Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Cell Line ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Monocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology

Objective Dendritic cell-associatedC-type lectin-1 ( Dectin-1) is one of the most important receptors in antifungal innate immune response.This study was to construct a recombinant adenovirus vector expressing themurine Dectin-1gene and acquire a high-concentration adenovirus by amplification and purification. Methods The PCR amplification product CLEC7A-pIRES2-EGFP was cloned into the intermediate vector pDONR221, and then recom-bined with the backbone vector pAD/CMV/V5-DEST to produce a re-combinant plasmid pAD-CLEC7A-pIRE2S -EGFP.The recombinant plasmid was linearized with Pac I and transfected into human embryon-ic kidney ( HEK293) cells to produce recombinant adenovirus pAD-CLEC7Ap-IRES 2-EGFP. The adenovirus was propagated in the HEK293 cells and purified by filtering through the cellulose acetate membrane and concentrating column.Fluorescence microscopy and re-al-time PCR were used to determine the expression of the Dectin-1 gene. Results PCR identification, enzyme digestion, and sequen-cing results manifested theDectin-1 gene in the vector, with the final adenovirus titer of 5×1011 IU/mL.Fluorescence microscopy revealed green fluorescence and real-time PCR assay confirmed that the expression of Dectin-1 was improved by 8677.25 times. Conclusion A relatively high-titer adenovirus expressing Dectin-1 was acquired,which may help to further study the high expression of Dectin-1 in anti-fungal innate immunity in vitro and in vivo.