Objective:To investigate the differences between patients with small cell carcinoma of the cervix and other type of cervical cancer on clinicopathological characteristics,treatment,prognosis through the retrospective analysis,also study the prognostic factors in patients with SCCC.Methods:The patients with SCCC(63 cases,research group) and patients with Non-SCCC(60 cases,control group) such as squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of cervix were chosen during May 2003 and June 2015 in department of obstetrics and gynecology,west China second university hospital.The clinical pathological and survival data were collected,sort out,checked and analyzed.Chi-square test or Fisher's exact probability method was used to compare the differences of clinical features between the two groups.The 5-year disease-free survival(DFS) rate and 5-year overall survival(OS) rate were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate analysis were applied to research the prognostic factors.Results:①The median age of the patients in research group was 40 years old,younger than control group whose median age was 44 years old (P =0.001).The rate of lymph node metastasis,parametrial infiltration,vascular involvement and positive surgical margins in research group were significantly higher than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significantly differences between two groups in clinical symptoms,FIGO stage,therapeutic schedule.②In the survival analysis,the research group estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) rate (29.2％) and estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate (DFS)(26.6％) was significantly lower than those of the control group(82.6％,and 76.7％,respectively) P ＜ 0.05.③In the COX multivariate regression analysis,the results showed that the lymph node metastasis was the independent factor influencing overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate(HR =4.784、3.067,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the tumor size was the independent factor influencing overall survival rate (HR =3.610,P ＜ 0.05),and advanced FIGO staging was the independent factor influencing disease-free survival rate (HR =2.793,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:The patients with SCCC were younger than other cervical cancer,and the clinical symptoms,cervical appearance,treatment between the two types are almost the same.However,The rate of lymph node metastasis,parametrial infiltration,vascular involvement and positive surgical margins in patients with SCCC were significantly higher than other cervical cancer,and the prognosis of the patients with SCCC was very poor.The main prognostic factors were lymph node metastasis,advanced FIGO stage and tumor size.

Objective To explore the clinical value of the Luo’s fornix cup in laparoscopic total hysterectomy. Methods A total of 7 patients with indications for hysterectomy from October 2004 to February 2005 was given laparoscopic total hysterectomy. During the operation, the Luo’s fornix cup was used for the orientation and dilatation of the vaginal fornix. Then the anterior vaginal fornix was circlewise incised by using a harmonic hook to extract the Luo’s fornix cup. Afterwards the posterior fornix was opened to remove the uterus by way of the vagina. And finally the vaginal stump was closed. Results All the operations were successfully completed. The operation time was 90~250 min. With the use of the Luo’s fornix cup, the operator could easily identify the top of the vaginal fornix, and avoid the damage of important neighbouring organs. No injuries of bladder, ureter, and rectum were noted. Conclusions The Luo’s fornix cup is a rational accessory instrument in laparoscopic hysterectomy, being worthy of recommendation.

Objective To investigate the changes of airway resistance before and after Bronchial Diulation Test in patients with senile asthma and the effect of age on the degree of airway resistance. Methods A total of 29 (> 60 years)senile asthma patients and 21 younger(< 60 y)patients were enrolled in the study. The status of their pulmonary function was determined by MEFV(Maximum expiratory flow?volume curve)and an IOS(impulse oscillometry) system before and after Bronchial Diulation Test,The spirometric indexes such as forced vital capacity,total respiratory impedance,respiratory resistance and respiratory system reactance were collected and analyzed. Results Significant decreases of indexs were found after Bronchial Diulation Test compared with those before Bronchial Diulation Test in the study group(P<0.05,respectively). No significant difference in improvement of indexs was found between the group of patients with senile asthma(age > 60 years)and the group of healthy control(age < 60 years ). Each index of the airway resistance has a very good correlation with FEV1%,with the highest degree of relation is X5%. Conclusion The airway resistance of senile asthmatic patients was significantly improved after diuslation test and these indexes IOS would be valuable in evaluating the changes of airway resistance of senile asthma.

Objective To investigate the combination of centralized and decentralized approachesin clinical teaching,in order to improve the teachingway and enhance the clinical quality for the trainees of obstetrics and gynecology.Method Conducting the questionnaire survey with 205 students of obstetrics and gynecology who are interns involving in this clinical method in our hospital. Results Trained by this way,82.9 percent of students believe that they fully understand the true meaning of the clinical work. 86.8 percent and 87.8 percent of students think that the quality of clinical practice is improved and their work ability has been strengthened. 88.3 percent of students agree that good communication between them and patients and their family members is increased. Referring to improvement on the understanding between trainees and their teachers,the number is 85.5 percent .92.6 percent of students think that their analytical sense benefits from this method and 86.8 percent of students agree that this model is useful for their problemsolving skills. Conclusion The combination of centralized and decentralized approach in clinical teaching helps students adapt to the work environment in hospital as soon as possible. Students also understand the truth of the clinical work. This method makes interns and patients as well as family members communicate more easily and the ability to integrate theory with practice is greatly improved.

Background and purpose: E-cadherin (EC) is a type of glycoprotein, which could maintain epithelial polarity and cell-cell junction. It is thought to be associated with the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study aimed to detect expression of uniting detection sEC and AFP before and after operation in patients, and to monitor recurrence of postoperative. Methods:The levels of sEC and AFP in 105 HCC patients were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after operation as well as in 70 healthy controls. Theirs correlation with clinical and pathological factors was analyzed. We analyzed the level of plasma sEC and AFP of 47 patients who had been suffered from the hepatocellular carcinoma operation and relapse. Results: The levels of sEC and AFP in HCC patients before operation were significantly higher than in controls, which declined significantly one week after operation. The sEC level before operation showed significant correlation with TNM staging (P<0.01), edmondson grade, the carcerous thrombi within the portal vein and the capsule of carcinoma (P<0.05), but not with age of patients or the tumor size (P>0.05). While AFP only correlation with TNM staging (P<0.05), not with others factors (P>0.05). When the recurrence was confirmed, the level of sEC was much higher significantly than the level postoperation (P<0.01). Conclusion:The levels of sEC in HCC patients before operation are closely related with prognosis and recurrence of HCC. The unites detection of sEC+AFP may be a predictive factor for recurrence of postoperation.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a multifunctional organelle in eukaryotic cells, is responsible for protein synthesis and intracellular signal transduction, which dominates cell function, survival, and apoptosis. Disequilibrium of ER homeostasis may induce ER stress, which closely intertwines with tumor occurrence and progress. A few clinical-used drugs (such as anthraquinones and oxaliplatin) can mediate the immunogenic cell death of tumor cells through excessive ER stress, and sequentially stimulate anti-tumor immune responses as well as long-term immune memory. However, these drugs often exhibit poor targeting ability and extremely low ER accumulation in tumor cells, limiting their clinical efficacy. Therefore, the researches of ER-targeted delivery of these drugs will significantly benefit the efficient and precise anti-tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we introduce the relationship between ER and tumor immunity, and summarize the ER targeting strategies for anti-tumor immunotherapy in recent years. Furthermore, we discuss the problems of existing ER targeting strategies and look into its broad prospects of application.

OBJECTIVETo study on the release of compound Danshen sustained-release tablet and the evaluate method of Chinese material medica compound sustained-release preparation.

METHODRotating basket method and HPLC were employed.

RESULTThrough the determination of 6 time-point samples, the water-soluble compositions of compound Danshen sustained-release tablet had a Well-balanced release behavior with a zero-grade release model or Higuchi release model.

CONCLUSIONCompound Danshen sustained-release tablet had a zero-grade release model. The method was rapid and stable and could be applied to evaluate the water-soluble composition release of compound Danshen sustained-release Tablet.

Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Ginsenosides ; analysis ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Tablets

Objective To investigate the influence of thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4) with two different dosages on the expression of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in rats with renal tubular interstitial fibrosis,and to further estimate the changes of renal tubular interstitial lesions.Methods Rat models of renal tubular interstitial fibrosis were established by unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO).The male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and 15 rats in each group:sham group,model group,treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4 and treatment group with 5 mg/L T34.Rats in sham group and model group were poured into the same amount of saline.The renal function and renal pathological changes were observed after the second week.The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β and CTGF in renal tissues was tested by in-situ hybridization and Western blotting.Results Compared with that in sham group,the expression of TGF-β mRNA and its protein,CTGF mRNA and its protein was significantly higher in model group (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with rats of model group,Tβ4 treatment rats had lower mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β and CTGF (all P ＜ 0.01),and the expression in treatment group with 5 mg/L Tβ4 was lower than that in treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4 (P ＜ 0.05).And the expression of TGF-β mRNA was positively correlated with CTGF mRNA expression (r=0.697,P ＜ 0.01).The 24 h total urinary protein and the area of renal tubular interstitial lesion in model group were significantly more than those in sham group,and also more than those in Tβ4 treatment group (all P ＜ 0.05).Tβ4 treatment attenuated kidney damage,and the effects in treatment group with 5 mg/L Tβ4 were better than those in treatment group with 1 mg/L Tβ4.No difference in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was observed among 4 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Tβ4 treatment can inhibit the renal TGF-β and CTGF expression of rats with tubular interstitial fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner,and play a protective role in kidney.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) for primary osteoporosis in the elderly.Methods:Eighty old patients with primary osteoporosis were randomized into a Yi Jin Jing group and a medication group,40 cases in each group.The Yi Jin Jing group was intervened by Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) training,while the medication group was intervened by oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.Prior to and after 6-month intervention,the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur,visual analog scale (VAS) and activities of daily living (ADL) were estimated.Results:There were no significant differences in the BMD of the proximal femur,and VAS and ADL scores between the two groups before the intervention (P＞0.05).After 6-month intervention,the above items all improved significantly in both groups (both P＜0.01);the improvements in VAS and ADL scores in Yi Jin Jing group were more significant than those in the medication group (P＜0.01),while the between-group difference in the BMD of the proximal femur was statistically insignificant (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Practice of Yi Jin Jing (Sinew-transforming Qigong Exercises) can effectively ameliorate the BMD in the elderly with primary osteoporosis,and it can reduce the pain and improve ADL,with a better general effect compared to oral administration of alendronate sodium tablet.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of PE_PGRS60 protein in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Methods:The cloned and purified PE_PGRS60 protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was used to stimulate RAW264.7 cells. The expression of cyclooxygenase 2(COX2) mRNA and protein was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The signal pathways that may regulate the expression of COX2 were screened, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines induced by PE_PGRS60 was detected by ELISA. The level of cell death was measured by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release test and flow cytometry PI staining. Western blot was used to detect the expression of COX2 in Peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) from active tuberculosis patients. Results:PE_PGRS60 protein was found to promote the expression of COX2 in RAW264.7 cells and activate the three major members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) family: extracellular regulated protein kinase(ERK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK). Interestingly, only JNK-IN-7, the inhibitor of JNK was observed to suppress the up-regulation expression of COX2 induced by PE_PGRS60. This up-regulated expression of COX2 was also found in PBMCs from active tuberculosis patients. The COX2 inhibitor celecoxib can effectively block the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 induced by PE_PGRS60 and promote macrophage death.Conclusions:PE_PGRS60 can promote macrophages to release inflammatory factors by activating JNK/COX2 signal axis. Some macrophages still die under the protection of COX2.