AIM:To evaluate the poor vision condition and analyze the myopia etiological factor in primary school He'xi district of Sanya.
METHODS: A cohort of 1 218 subjects were recruited randomly from grade 1~6 of two primary schools. Visual activity test, dioptroscopy and risk factor questionnaire were evaluated.
RESULTS: The prevalence of poor vision was 29. 55%. The incidence of myopia increased with grade, and was significantly higher in girls than that in boys. The outdoor activity time of myopic pupil ( 7. 25 ± 5. 35h/wk ) was significantly lower than emmetropic pupil (11. 86±6. 65h/wk) ( P < 0. 05 ). The usage of electronic product ( TV, computater and cell phone) time of myopic pupil (13. 36±8. 35h/wk) was significantly higher than emmetropic pupil (7. 75±5. 83h/wk) (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The increase of myopia incidence is closely related with sparing outdoor activity and excess usage of electronic product.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fructose ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Tourette Syndrome ; drug therapy

Objective To observe the effects of the compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in different proportion on hemodynamic and balance of Th1/Th2 cells of Qi deficiency and blood stasis rat model. Methods Qi deficiency and blood stasis rats were caused by restricted diet, forced swimming and norepinephrine subcutaneous injecting, and treated by compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in different proportion of 5∶1, 3∶1, 1∶1 and 1∶2 for 21 days. The indexes of hemorheology were detected with hemorheological analyser, and the level of IFN-γand IL-4 in serum were tested by ELISA. Results Compared with model group, the compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in proportion of 1∶1, 3∶1 and 5∶1 groups reduced the low shear blood viscosity. The spleen index of model group decreased, and compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in 5∶1 proportion group increased spleen index. The level of IL-4 increased and IFN-γ decreased in the serum of model group, the compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis in proportion of 3∶1 group increased the level of IFN-γ. Astragalus angelica 5∶1 group decreased the level of IL-4 and increased the level of IFN-γ. Conclusion The compatibility of Radix Astragali and Radix Angelicae Sinensis can improve hemorheology, adjust the balance of Th1/Th2 cells of Qi deficiency and blood stasis rats. The effects were better when Radix Astragali’s dosage greater than that of Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and the group of 5∶1 proportion was the best.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological significance of periostin and MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of periostin and MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma,tubular adenoma,villous adenoma and normal colorectal tissue.The correlations between the expression of periostin and MMP-2 with clinicopathologic parameters were analyzed.Results In colorectal carcinoma,tubular adenoma,villous adenoma and normal colorectal tissue,the positive rates of periostin were 83.7 ％ (41/49),40.0 ％ (6/15),32.1％ (9/28),0 (0/15),respectively,while the positive rates of MMP-2 were 71.4 ％ (35/49),60.0 ％ (9/15),64.3 ％ (18/28),0(0/15),respectively.There were significant differences among the groups (x2 =41.252,P =0.000; x2 =24.811,P =0.000).The expression of periostin in colorectal carcinoma tissue were not correlated with sex (x2 =0.002,P =0.961),age (x2 =2.267,P =0.132),tumor sites (x2 =1.506,P =0.220),differentiation status (x2 =0.875,P =0.350) and lymphatic metastasis (x2 =3.315,P =0.069).The expression of MMP-2 in colorectal carcinoma were correlated with lymphatic metastasis (x2 =5.800,P =0.016),whereas not correlated with sex (x2 =0.562,P =0.453),age (x2 =0.138,P =0.711),tumor sites (x2 =0.408,P =0.532),differentiation degree (x2 =1.335,P =0.248).The expression of periostin and MMP-2 were positively correlated in colorectal carcinoma (r =0.332,P =0.020).Conclusion Periostin and MMP-2 are correlated closely with the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma.It might be helpful for evaluating the biological properties and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma,and it would be more accurate to use a combined analysis of the two indicators.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare outcomes effects of Chinese recognition materials in post-lingually deafened patients with cochlear implant. METHOD: Thirty-two post-lingually deafened cochlear implant users participated in the study. Each one of them was given a series of speech recognition tests including the speech recognition score of monosyllable words, spondee words, Chinese BKB sentences and MHINT in quiet, as well as speech recognition threshold of HOPE corpus in babble noise. Speech recognition scores and thresholds were compared among these test materials using histograms , scatter diagrams and statistical methods. RESULT: Recognition scores for spondee words, Chinese BKB sentences and MHINT were affected by ceiling effects, with 1,14 and 4 cases scored 100% respectivelty. Meanwhile, 17, 26 and 14 cases scored more than 85% correspondingly. On the other hand, speech recognition scores for monosyllable words in quiet and speech recognition threshold for HOPE corpus in babble noise were not affected. CONCLUSION For a considerable part of post-lingually deafened patients using cochlear implant, some Chinese speech recognition materials have demonstrated different degrees of ceiling effects. While speech recognition scores for monosyllable words in quiet and recognition threshold for HOPE corpus in noise can evaluate the performance of speech recognition abilitymore objectively.
Cochlear Implantation ; Cochlear Implants ; Humans ; Language ; Noise ; Speech Perception ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To explore the liver toxicities of the VDLD scheme in children with malignant tumor.Methods In a prospective trial,the levels of serum total protein,albumin, globulin,rate of albumin/globuin alanine aminotransferase,aspartate transaminase,gamma glutamyltranspeptidase,total bile acid and alkaline phosphatase were tested in children with malignant tumour before and after VDLD scheme,and compared with each other.Results The concentration of the serum total bile acid was significantly increased after VDLD scheme than before(P

Objective:To investigate the effect of the expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneu-moperitoneum on nude mice xenografts from human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in the same pressure at different times. Methods:A total of 40 animal models of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell-bearing nude mice xenografts were established. The animals were ran-domly divided into four groups (n=10), namely, the simple anesthesia group, 0.5 h laparotomy group, and 0.5 and 1 h CO2 pneumoperi-toneum groups. After the aforementioned treatments in the groups, the expression levels of CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNAs of tumor tis-sues were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), whereas those of the CXCL12 and CXCR4 proteins were detected by Western blot. Results:The 40 animal models of human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell-bearing nude mice were success-fully established. After the treatment, RT-PCR results reveal that the CXCL12 mRNA expression was significantly higher in the 1 h CO2 pneumoperitoneum group than that in the other three groups. However, no differences were observed in the CXCR4 mRNA expression of each group. Western blot analysis also obtained the same results. Conclusion:The expression level of CXCL12 in SKOV3 cells of the 1 h CO2 pneumoperitoneum group increased, which possibly promoted the growth of peritoneal tumors, and had a slight effect on tu-mor metastasis.

Objective To investigate the effects of estrogen on mismatch repiar gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo. Methods A total of 42 healthy individuals underwent colonoscopy were enrolled in the study. Half an hour before colonoscopy examination, blood sample was taken for determining the serum estradiol (E2) level. N ormal colonic mucosal tissues determined by naked eye under colonoscopy examination were taken in the right hemi colon to detect HMLH1 and hMSH2 gene expression by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry staining. Then the correlation of serum E2 levels with hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression in colonic mucosa was analyzed. Results A bimodal curve was presented for the correlation between serum E2 level in healthy individuals and hMLH1 expression in colonic mucosa. A strong positive correlation of E2 level with hMLH1 expression in normal colonic mucosa was observed when serum E2 level was more than 45 pg/ml (For mRNA, P=0. 003, r=0. 701; for immunohistochemistry positivity index, P=0. 000, r=0. 874).However there was no correlation between E2 level and hMSH2 expression. Conclusion High serum E2 level might increase the hMLH1 gene expression in colonic mucosa in vivo.

Objective To investigate the spatial distribution and clustering areas of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province,and to provide epidemiological information for further exploring the etiology and related risk factors of the disease.Methods Detailed residential addresses of 342 cases of patients (residents of Heze City) with diaphragm type Budd-Chiari syndrome diagnosed between 1995 and 2004 in Heze Municipal Hospital,Heze Shan County Central Hospital,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College,Shandong Provincial Hospital and Beijing Xuanwu Hospital were collected.Geographic information system (GIS) was used as a platform for data management and display.The nearest neighbor index,Ripley's K(d) function,Ripley's L(d) function and the nearest neighbor clustering method were applied to detect the spatial characters of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province.Crimestat 3.0 was used for spatial analysis.Results The nearest neighbor distance analysis showed that the nearest neighbor index was 0.6767 (Z =-11.4387,P ＜ 0.01).That was an aggregation at the first-order spatial scale.Within the study area,the first clustering radius of Budd-Chiari syndrome was 6.66 km,and the first clustering strength was 5.40; the average radius of the strongest clustering area was 126.61 km,and the clustering strength was 12.52,while the biggest clustering radius was larger than 222 km.After corrected by population,the gathering strength was slightly higher than that before the correction.Ten first-order hot spots were formed,and 95％ confidence interval aggregation number was 7,which meant the results were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05),main clustering areas are in Mudan District,Shan County and Juancheng.One secondorder hot spot was gathered based on the first-order hot spot.Conclusions Spatial distribution of Budd-Chiari syndrome in Heze City,Shandong Province has showed spatial aggregation and heterogeneity.This study has a great epidemiological significance for further exploring the cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Objective To observe the impairment of different doses of cyclosporine A (CsA) to the rat myocardial tissue to offer scientific evidence for the long-term safe application of CsA in heart transplantation. Methods Eighty-four female Wistar rats, each weighing of (200 ± 25)g, were randomly divided into 12 groups. On days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA(0,5,10,15 mg/kg) and 1 ml physiological saline in control group, the rats were put to death, the rat myocardial tissue taken, to observe the pathologic and structural changes of the tissue cells under light microscope and electron microscope. The contents of rat myocardium tissue malondialdehyde(MDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were measured;cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected and accounted, apoptosis index(AI) was measured with the method of TUNEL. Results Small dose of CsA(5 mg/kg)had no obvious effects on cardiac tissue, in CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, under the light microscope, there appeared edema, degeneration and necrosis of myocardium, part of cardiac myocyte had different level cavity;under the electron microscope, there appeared mitochondria damage, nucleus shrinkage and chromatic margination, part of cardiac myocyte had focus cavity. There was dilated endoplasic reticulum in the sarcoplasm. The effects of different time and dose on MDA content of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance (F = 6.37,10.15, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance (F=7.14, P< 0.05). The MDA contents of CsA group of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were [(2.29 ± 0.18), (3.10 ± 0.45), (2.57± 0.37)nmol/L] and [(3.09±0.63), (3.32 ±0.52), (3.34 ± 0.29)nmol/L] on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(1.98 ± 0.20), (2.04 ± 0.52), (1.99 ± 0.26) nmol/L, all P < 0.05], respectively. The effects of different time and dose on SOD activity of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance(F = 8.43,11.69, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance(F = 9.86, P < 0.05). The SOD activity of CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were (15.95 ± 1.00), (12.74 ± 1.31), (14.01 ± 0.81)nmol/L and (13.04 ± 1.01), (14.68 ± 0.81), (14.01 ± 0.63)nmol/L on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(10.38 ± 0.80), (9.73 ± 0.58), (10.20 ± 0.26)nmol/L, all P < 0.05], respectively. Apoptosis nucleus appeared huffy or brown under the light microscope. The effects of different time and dose on AI of rat myocardium tissue had statistical significance (F = 10.02,20.46, both P < 0.05). Interaction between time and dose existed statistical significance (F = 15.73,P < 0.05). The AI of CsA groups of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg were (6.91 ± 0.70)%, (11.10 ± 2.05)%,(19.81 ± 5.00)% and (11.02 ±2.02)%,(15.51 ± 1.31)%,(33.40±6.60)% on days 7,14,21 after a constant peritoneal injection of CsA, which were obviously higher than the control group [(4.40 ± 0.13)%, (4.60± 1.20)%, (5.20 ± 1.10), all P < 0.05] and CsA group of 5 mg/kg [(4.60 ± 0.10)%, (5.00±2.11)%, (5.43± 1.11)%, all P < 0.05], respectively. Conclusion Small dose of CsA has no obvious effects on cardiac tissue, but large dosage can induce myocyte apoptosis and damage by causing oxidative stress;after implantation, attention should be paid to cardiac impairment due to constant large dosage of CsA.