Objective To summarize the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of autologous urologic neoplasms in renal transplant recipients.Methods A retrospective analysis on the clinical data of 25 renal transplant recipients was done in our center.The onset time of new neoplasms was between 29 to 72 months after transplantation,with an average of 48.2 months.Intermittent hematuria was the first symptom in 23 patients,and the rest two cases were diagnosed through routine examination. The pathological diagnoses of thee cases were renal carcinoma,which were treated by transperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.Eight cases were diagnosed as having renal pelvic tumor,which was treated by radical resection for the renal pelvic carcinoma.Fourteen cases were diagnosed as having bladder cancer,which was treated by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (13 cases) or radical cystectomy (one case).All patients were subjected to surgical treatment.The dosage of MMF,CSA/Tacrolimus was decreased to 1/2-2/3 of their original dosage. Sirolimus was used in place of calcineurin inhibitors in four patients.Immunosuppressive regimes and adjuvant therapy were given after surgery treatment.Results Twenty-five patients were followed up for 12-84 months.Contralateral renal carcinoma combined with lung and chest multiple metastases occurred in one case after radical nephrectomy,who died after targeted therapy 6 months later.Two patients with lymph node metastasis died 14 months and 20 months after surgery respectively.The rest 22 patients were closely followed up,whose creatinine remained 98-163μmol/L.Conclusion More attention should be paid to patients with hematuria after renal transplantation to screen the autologous urinary neoplasms.Patients should be treated with surgical procedures,and immunosuppressive regimens should be adjusted postoperatively.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a process by which aggressive tumor cells generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels in malignant tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).It has provided new insights into tumor behavior and has surfaced as a potential target for drug therapy.The molecular events underlying the process of VM formation are still poorly understood.In this study,we attempted to elucidate the relationship between Notch4 and VM formation in HCC.An effective siRNA lentiviral vector targeting Notch4 was constructed and transfected into Be17402,a HCC cell line.VM networks were observed with a microscope in a 3 dimensional cell culture system.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was detected by gelatin zymography.Furthermore,the role of Notch4 inhibition in Be17402 cells in vivo was examined in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of mice.The results showed that downregulation of Notch4 destroyed VM network formation and inhibited migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro (P＜0.05).In vivo,tumor growth was also inhibited in subcutaneous xenograft model (P＜0.05).The potential mechanisms might be related with down-regulation of MT1-MMP,MMP-2,MMP-9 expression and inhibition of the activation of MMP2 and MMP9.These results indicated that Notch4 may play an important role in VM formation and tumor invasion in HCC.Related molecular pathways may be used as novel therapeutic targets for HCC antiangiogenesis therapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histopathological features, complications, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis of coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).

METHODSThe lung tissue sections from 14 autopsy cases of CWP were subjected to HE staining and observed under a light microscope, and a retrospective analysis was performed considering the occupational history and clinical features.

RESULTSThe 14 cases were 46-71 years of age (mean, 57.7 years). Two cases were diagnosed as dust reaction, 1 case as simple CWP (stage I anthracosilicosis), and 11 cases as complicated CWP (9 cases of stage II anthracosilicosis, 1 case of stage III anthracosilicosis, and 1 case of stage III silicosis). Twelve cases were complicated by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, 8 cases by pulmonary heart disease, 4 cases by pulmonary tuberculosis, 3 cases by liver cirrhosis and liver cancer with pulmonary metastases, and 2 cases by cerebral hemorrhage.

CONCLUSIONAmong patients with CWP, the pathological changes of lung tissue become more complex with increasing years of dust exposure. Coal macule is the common pathological feature of CWP, and dust nodules and massive fibrosis are the necessary indices of pathological diagnosis.

Aged ; Anthracosis ; complications ; pathology ; Coal Mining ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Xylitol has attracted much attention because of its many applications tn the food,medicine and chemical industries. However the use has been limited by its high price. This coast is a result of the extensive purification steps needed for the preparation of a pure xylose solution,which is essential for the chemical process. The fermentative process of xylitol is an interesting alternative to conventional chemical process,since it does not require initial xylose purification. The present review describes the advantage of xylitol production by fermentation, xylitol-producting microorganisms, metabolic pathway of xylose in yeasts, detoxification of hemicellulose hydrolysates and fermentative conditions affecting xylitol production.

OBJECTIVE: To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals from cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species. METHODS: The 4 cm mid-diaphyseal segment of the femur from adult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy was obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cm ones from 11 kinds of adult animals were obtained. After decalcification, all femurs were made into slices, and then were observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes were selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences between human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals. RESULTS: The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon showed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There were 11 indexes with significant differences between human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate was 96.3% between human and mammal. The correct discrimination rate was up to 100% between human and poultry, and was 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry. CONCLUSION The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, which could be applied in the practical species identification cases.
Adult ; Animals ; Autopsy ; Bone Density ; Cadaver ; Cats ; Cattle ; Chickens ; Discriminant Analysis ; Dogs ; Femur/ultrastructure* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Haversian System/ultrastructure* ; Horses ; Humans ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Swine

BACKGROUNDExhaled nitric oxide (NO) is a noninvasive biomarker of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the third member of the gasotransmitter family, is involved in the pathophysiological process in lung diseases. H2S also exists in exhaled breath and can be sampled non-invasively. The study investigated the level of exhaled H2S in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its correlation with exhaled NO.

METHODSLevels of exhaled NO and H2S, lung function, and cell differential counts in induced sputum were studied in 19 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), 19 patients with stable COPD and seven healthy smoke controls.

RESULTSExhaled H2S levels were similar in patients with AECOPD (10.0 parts per billion (ppb), 8.0-13.0 ppb), stable COPD (10.0 ppb, 9.0-12.0 ppb), and healthy controls (9.0 ppb, 8.0-16.0 ppb) (P > 0.05). Exhaled NO levels were similar in patients with AECOPD (155.0 ppb, 129.0-190.0 ppb), stable COPD (154.0 ppb, 133.0-175.0 ppb) and healthy controls (165.0 ppb, 112.0-188.0 ppb) (P > 0.05). Exhaled H2S levels correlated positively with exhaled NO in all healthy controls and patients with COPD (r=0.467, P < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between the exhaled H2S level and percentage of predicted FEV1 (P > 0.05) and proportion of different cell types in induced sputum (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a correlation between exhaled H2S and exhaled NO. The role of exhaled H2S in airway inflammation in COPD still needs further investigation.

Aged ; Breath Tests ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; physiology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of calsurf, a domestic exogenous pulmonary surfactant, in the treatment of severe neonatal infectious pneumonia. METHODS: A total of 208 neonates with severe infectious pneumonia who hospitalized in 5 hospitals of China were enrolled. According to their parents' wishes on admission, these neonates were administered with conventional treatment (control group; n=81) and calsurf  treatment + conventional treatment (calsurf treatment group, n=127). The two groups were compared in terms of the degree of oxygen dependence on admission, blood gas parameters before and after treatment, lung ultrasound results, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of hospital stay, hospital costs, complications and prognosis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group on admission, the calsurf treatment group had significantly higher inhaled oxygen concentration and partial pressure of carbon dioxide and significantly lower arterial partial pressure of oxygen and oxygenation index (P<0.01). After 1 hour of treatment, both groups had significant improvements in the above indices (P<0.05), and the improvements were more significant in the calsurf treatment group (P<0.05). After 4-6 hours of calsurf administration, there was a significant reduction in the degree of pulmonary consolidation. The calsurf treatment group had significantly shorter duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay than the control group, while there was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications between the two groups. The neonates of both groups had a good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS In neonates with severe infectious pneumonia, calsurf treatment can significantly improve oxygenation, reduce the degree of pulmonary consolidation, and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay. Therefore, it should be considered in neonates with severe infectious pneumonia.
China ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pneumonia ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Surfactants ; Respiration, Artificial

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general adult population in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where many minorities of north China live. Methods Sampling surveywas performed in the residents aged 20 years and older in the Hulunbeir Prefecture. All the investigated subjects were tested for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR); hematuria by microscopy of urinary sediment; and GFR estimated by modified MDRD equation for Chinese adults (eGFR). The related risk factors of CKD were also investigated. Results A total of 4522 subjects were enrolled in the study. The prevalence of albuminuria was 7.11％, hematuria was 2.64％ and reduced eGFR [60 ml-min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] was 2.75％. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.90％; hyperglycemia 6.61％; hyperlipidemia 2.72％; increased waist 24.79％ and metabolic syndrome 15.02％. After the subjects with combined microalbuminuria, hematuria and reduced eGFR were excluded, the prevalence of CKD was 12.95％. Logistic regression analysis and stratified analysis showed increased age, increased waist, elevated systolic pressure, hyperglycemia,hypertriglyceridemia and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with albuminuria;increased age, elevated systolic pressure and hyperglycemia were independently associated with reduced eGFR; increased age was independently associated with hematuria. Conclusions The prevalence of adult CKD is 12.95％ in the Hulunbeir Prefecture, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Independent risk factors of CKD include increased age, increased waist, hypertension,abnormal blood glucose or lipid, and metabolic syndrome.

OBJECTIVETo approach the short-term result and clinical application of metal on metal total hip arthroplasty with large diameter heads and evaluate its safety and efficacy clinically.

METHODSFrom January 2007 to March 2008, 39 hips in 37 patients (24 males and 13 females,ranging in age from 43 to 75 years, with an average of 58.5 years) were treated with metal on metal total hip arthroplasty with large diameter heads (ASRTM XL) included 14 cases of osteonecrosis (ON), 2 cases of osteoarthritis (OA), 18 cases of fresh femoral neck fracture, 3 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). All patients were evaluated by self assessment form, hip function examination, radiographs, preoperative and postoperative Harris hip score. Based on the short-term results, its design characteristic and clinical properties were analyzed.

RESULTSAll the incision healed well and there were not any complications such as femoral fracture, infection, dislocation and neurovascular injury. All patients obtained the follow-up and an average time was 16.5 months (12 to 19 months), all the joints had good or excellent clinical results. Radiographically, the positions of the prostheses were normal, the average limbs length and femoral eccentricity recovered as normal. The average range of motion of the hip improved remarkable, such as flexion improved from (20.1 +/- 8.2) degrees to (85.7 +/- 9.8) (t = 32.86, P < 0.01), abduction improved from (10.2 +/- 4.4) degrees to (41.5 +/- 9.1) degrees (t = 19.34, P < 0.01), adduction improved from (16.3 +/- 8.8) degrees to (40.3 +/- 10.4) (t = 11.00, P < 0.01),external rotation improved from (12.3 +/- 5.2)0 to (42.0 +/- 7.7) degrees (t = 19.96, P < 0.01), internal rotation improved from (3.4 +/- 1.1) degrees to (23.0 +/- 9.8) degrees (t = 12.41, P < 0.01). The Harris score rose from preoperative (39.3 +/- 5.6) to (91.4 +/- 10.3) at the latest follow up (t = 27.75, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONShort-term results show that metal on metal hip joint prosthesis with large diameter heads has advantages of small deformation of acetabular cup, lower wearing, large range of motion and few dislocation. It offers a newly valuable technology for treatment of osteonecrosis, osteoarthritis, femoral neck fracture and DDH with the higher requirement of movement after the operation.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Metals ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

The effects of the concentration of sulfuric acid and the ratio of liquid to solid on xylose yield from sugar cane bagasse in its hemicellulose hydrolysis process were studied with the Quadratic Rotary Combination Design. Regression analysis showed that there was a marked regression relationship between the two factors and xylose yield. As the result of optimizing the hydrolysis conditions by regression equation, xylose yield of 24 g/100 g sugar cane bagasse was obtained when sulfuric acid concentration was 2.4 g/L and liquid to solid ratio was 6.2 under the conditions of stream pressure of 2.5 x 10(4) Pa and hydrolysis time of 2.5 h. The macroporous resin adsorption was proved to be a good method to reduce the concentration of yeast cell growth inhibitor in sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate and to enhance the hydrolysate fermentability. The hydrolysate treated with macroporous resin adsorption under pH2 was used as the substrate for xylitol production by a xylitol-producting yeast, Candida tropicalis AS2.1776. At an initial xylose concentration of 200 g/L, all xylose was consumed within 110 h with a xylitol production rate of 1.15 g/L.h, and a xylitol yield of 0.64 g/g xylose.
Candida tropicalis ; metabolism ; Cellulose ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Polysaccharides ; metabolism ; Regression Analysis ; Saccharum ; metabolism ; Xylitol ; biosynthesis