OBJECTIVETo investigate the time trends of cancer mortality among residents in Kaifeng county, Henan province.

METHODSData on cancer mortality from the vital registration system in Kaifeng county from 1988 to 2005 was analyzed. A total of 9543 death records (5974 males and 3567 females) due to malignant tumors were studied. A two-year-period age-specified standardized mortality rates were directly adjusted by the world standard population, and the annual percentage change (APC) of mortality were estimated by a linear logarithm regression.

RESULTSThe crude cancer death rate for male was 95.09/100,000 and its age-standardized death rate was 117.41/100,000. While, the crude cancer death rate for female was 59.13/100,000 and the age-standardized death rate was 57.15/100,000. There was a significant growth tread for lung cancer (APC: 6.54%), liver cancer (5.07%) in males and breast cancer (7.04%) in females in the groups aged over 18. On the contrary, the decreasing treads for esophageal cancer in both of sexes (-7.09%, -13.53%) were also observed in this study. Meanwhile, there was no other significant changes in the trend, either in the tumor sites or mortality, was observed.

CONCLUSIONIn the past two decades, there has been a significant increasing trend for cancer mortality in Kaifeng county, of Henan Province. Hence, it is necessary to enhance epidemiological survey to identify risk factors at the earlier stages.

China ; epidemiology ; Death Certificates ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mortality ; trends ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution and quantity of CD44+/CD24- cells in breast cancer tissue and the cell lines, and as well as its correlation with the expression of various breast cancer markers and molecular subtyping of breast carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of CD44/CD24, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, human estrogen-induced protein PS2, bcl-2 and nm23 in 60 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of breast were studied by either single or double immunohistochemical staining. The co-expression of CD44 and CD24 in 3 breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231) was also examined.

RESULTSThe quantity and distribution of CD44+/CD24- cells varied greatly and no specific patterns were identified. The percentage of CD44+/CD24- in breast cancer was 65%. The amount of CD44+/CD24- cells did not correlate with the age of patients, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, molecular subtypes and expression of various breast cancer markers in breast carcinoma. The proportion of CD44+/CD24- cells in MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines was <1%, 5% and >80%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSCD44+/CD24- cells are demonstrated in certain breast cancer tissues and cell lines. However, there is no relationship obtained between the quantity or the distribution of these cells and the molecular subtyping or the clinicopathologic parameters in breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; CD24 Antigen ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; NM23 Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinases ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Trefoil Factor-1 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the technique and clinical outcomes of modified transperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

METHODSA total of 105 patients received the operation with age ranging from 51 to 73 years from January 2008 to June 2010. Mean level of serum prostate specific antigen was 13.6 µg/L and mean prostatic volume was 45 ml. Pathological studies of biopsy confirmed the prostate carcinoma with Gleason score 6-8. Radionuclide bone scan revealed no metastasis. Based on previously retroperitoneal radical prostatectomy, modified technique was applied involving surgical approach, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.

RESULTSMean operative time was 93 min (65 - 150 min). Intraoperative blood loss was 115 ml (50 - 400 ml). No complication of bowl injury occurred. Positive surgical margin was present in 24 patients. Normal continence were seen in 64 patients after catheter removed. Recovery of incontinence within 3 months was seen in 33 patients and 3 to 12 months in 5 patients respectively. Three patients with incontinence were still in the follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSTransperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy provides large working space and clear anatomic exposure. Higher efficiency and lower complication rate are obtained through modified laparoscopic technique involving seminal vesicle isolation, bladder neck dissection and vesicourethral anastomosis.

Abdominal Cavity ; surgery ; Aged ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo study the role of PCR technique in detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the samples from joint tuberculosis, and to evaluate the clinical value of PCR in diagnosis of joint tuberculosis.

METHODSFrom June 1993 to August 2001, PCR was used to detect DNA of mycobacterium tuberculosis, and the standard culture was applied to detect mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis were respectively blindly by the two techniques in the samples obtained from 95 patients with joint tuberculosis (55 males and 40 females, the age ranging from 2 to 75 years, with an average of 34 years). The positive rate of mycobacterium tuberculosis detection was calculated.

RESULTSIn the detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis, positive rate was 82% (78/95) in PCR technique, and 16% (15/95) in standard culture technique. There were statistical differences between the two groups (chi2=67, P<0.001). The whole process of PCR amplification was automatic and could be finished within several hours, and the detecting time was considerably shorter.

CONCLUSIONPCR technique is a rapid, simple, sensitive and specific method for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the samples of joint tuberculosis, showing more marked advantages than the standard culture technique. It is valuable in the early rapid diagnosis and differential diagnosis of joint tuberculosis.

Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the efficacy and side effects of icotinib hydrochloride in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe efficacy and side effects of icotinib hydrochloride in treatment of 59 cases with stage IV NSCIC and followed-up from March 2009 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSTwenty seven patients (45.8%) showed partial response (PR), 17 patients (28.8%) achieved SD, and 15 (25.4%) had progressive disease. The objective response rate (ORR) was 45.8% (27/59), and disease control rate (DCR) was 74.6% (44/59). Among the 23 patients with EGFR mutation, ORR was 73.9% (17/23), and DCR was 95.7% (22/23). Thirty six patients (61.0%) achieved remission of symptoms to varying degrees. The main symptoms relieved were cough, asthmatic suffocating, pain and hoarseness. The major adverse events were mild skin rash (35.6%) and diarrhea (15.3%). Others were dry skin, nausea and stomach problems. The efficacy of icotinib hydrochloride were related to the ECOG performance status, smoking history, EGFR mutation and rash significantly (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMonotherapy with icotinib hydrochloride is effective and tolerable for patients with advanced NSCLC, especially with EGFR mutation.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Crown Ethers ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; chemically induced ; Disease Progression ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Exons ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Staging ; Quinazolines ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; genetics ; Remission Induction ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) gene and hereditary susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

METHODSPeripheral blood DNA from 315 patients diagnosed with NAFLD (including the spectrum of simple steatosis (SS) and non-alcoholic steatosis (NASH)) and 336 control subjects was used to determine the PNPLA3 genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The relationship of SNPs and NAFLD-related markers of liver function were assessed by correlation analysis.

RESULTSThe SNP rs738409 was identified in more of the NAFLD patients (allele variant frequencies: NAFLD, 65.40%; NASH: 71.87%; SS, 56.47%) than in the controls (33.18%). Case-control analysis revealed that carriers of the 148GG genotype were at 3.81-fold (95% CI: 3.03 ~ 4.79) higher risk of developing NAFLD and at 1.97-fold (95% CI: 1.41 ~ 2.75) higher risk of progressing from SS to NASH, compared with non-carriers. rs738409 was also found to be associated with serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and y-glutamyltransferase (y-GT) (both P less than 0.05). Carriers of the 148GG genotype had significantly higher body mass index, ALT, and fasting insulin than carriers of the 148CC genotype (all P less than 0.05), and significantly higher level of serum HDL than carriers of either the 148CC genotype or the 148GC genotype (both P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPolymorphisms in the PNPLA3 gene may play an important role in mediating susceptibility to developing NAFLD in the Chinese population. The rs738409 polymorphism, in particular, is related to development and progression of NAFLD and may play a role in the contribution of PNPLA3 to NAFLD pathogenesis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; Case-Control Studies ; Fatty Liver ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lipase ; genetics ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of rosiglitazone on atherosclerosis and potential mechanism in ApoE-knockout mice.

METHODSThirty-two 6-week-old ApoE-knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model in two groups: rosiglitazone group (n = 18) and control group (n = 14). Each group contained equal numbers of male and female mice. All mice were fed with normal chow diet. In addition to normal diet, rosiglitazone group received rosiglitazone 17 mg/kg of body weight/day. Venous bloods were collected for plasma glucose and lipid analysis, and aorta were prepared for morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis after 14 weeks. Aortic root (1 cm) was cut and prepared for paraffin slice. The histomorphometric analysis of atherosclerotic lesion was performed by means of HE; positive percentage of macrophage cell and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were measured by means of immunohistochemistry in cross section. The ratio of lesion/aortic wall surface in the rest aorta was measured by means of Sudan IV staining in longitudinal section.

RESULTSThe amount of fatty streak in rosiglitazone group was significantly greater than that of control group; the gross number of lesions and the number of fibrous plaque and atheromatous plaque were similar in two groups. There were no differences in percentage of lesions in cross section in two groups. Rosiglitazone could significantly reduce the extend of atherosclerosis of longitudinal section, decrease the amount of macrophage cell and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in lesions. The plasma glucose was normal and similar in two groups, and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly higher in rosiglitazone group.

CONCLUSIONRosiglitazone suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reduces the number of macrophage cell in lesion, and inhibits the development of atherosclerosis.

Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; genetics ; physiology ; Atherosclerosis ; blood ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Female ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Macrophages ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Thiazolidinediones ; therapeutic use ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis

BACKGROUNDAlthough thrombolytic therapy with rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a common treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), scant data are available on its efficacy relative to primary PCI, and comparison was therefore the aim of this study.

METHODSThis multicenter, open-label, randomized, parallel trial was conducted in 12 hospitals on patients (age < or = 70 years) with STEMI who presented within 12 hours of symptom onset (mean interval > 3 hours). Patients were randomized to three groups: primary PCI group (n = 101); recombinant staphylokinase (r-Sak) group (n = 104); and recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) group (n = 106). For all patients allocated to the thrombolytic therapy arm, coronary angiography was performed at 90 minutes after drug therapy to confirm infarct-related artery (IRA) patency; rescue PCI was performed in cases with TIMI flow grade < or = 2. Bare-metal stent implantation was planned for all patients.

RESULTSAfter randomization it required an average of 113.4 minutes to start thrombolytic therapy (door-to-needle time) and 141.2 minutes to perform first balloon inflation in the IRA (door to balloon time). Rates of IRA patency (TIMI flow grade 2 or 3) and TIMI flow grade 3 were significantly lower in the thrombolysis group at 90 minutes after drug therapy than in the primary PCI group at the end of the procedure (70.5% vs. 98.0%, P < 0.0001, and 53.0% vs. 85.9%, P < 0.0001, respectively). Rescue PCI with stenting was performed in 117 patients (55.7%) in the thrombolytic therapy arm. Rates of patency and TIMI flow grade 3 were still significantly lower in the rescue PCI than in the primary PCI group (88.9% vs. 97.9%, P = 0.0222, and 68.4% vs. 85.0%, P = 0.0190, respectively). At 30 days post-therapy, mortality rate was significantly higher in the thrombolysis combined with rescue PCI group than in primary PCI group (7.1% vs. 0, P = 0.0034). Rates of death/MI and bleeding complications were significantly higher in the thrombolysis with rescue PCI group than in the primary PCI group (10.0% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.0380, and 28.10% vs. 8.91%, P = 0.0001, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSThrombolytic therapy with rescue PCI was associated with significantly lower rates of coronary patency and TIMI flow grade 3, but with significantly higher rates of mortality, death/MI and hemorrhagic complications at 30 days, as compared with primary PCI in this group of Chinese STEMI patients with late presentation and delayed treatments.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Fibrinolytic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy

OBJECTIVETo analyze the cause of in-hospital death among acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in Beijing area to evoke better individualized preventive approach.

METHODSIn-hospital mortality and causes were analyzed based on database from Beijing percutaneous coronary intervention registry study (BJPCI Registry) in 2010.

RESULTSA total of 4660 PPCI patients from 48 hospitals were included. In-hospital mortality was 2.4% (n = 110). Cardiogenic shock (39.1%, 43/110), mechanical complications (28.2%, 31/110) and intervention-related complications [28.2%, 31/110: procedure related (n = 28), drug related (n = 3)] were the leading causes of in-hospital death. Five deaths was attributed to comorbidity related reason (4.5%, 5/110). The in-hospital mortality had no significant difference among hospitals of different grade or total annual PCI (all P > 0.05). In-hospital mortality was slightly higher in hospital with annual PPCI < 300 than in hospitals with annual PPCI ≥ 300 (2.9% vs. 1.8%, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCardiogenic shock, mechanical complications and intervention-related complications are the main causes of in-hospital death among acute myocardial infarction patients receiving PPCI.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; mortality ; therapy ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; mortality