Objective To investigate the correlation between microalbuminuria (MAU) and obesity and its indexes, including BMI, waist circumference(WC), and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) , among partial community population in Beijing. Methods A total of 2080 subjects who took physical examination in Beijing, including 810 men and 1270 women with a mean age of(50. 9 ± 13. 1 )years, were enrolled. The informed consent has been achieved from each patients. BMI and WHR were calculated based on collected data of height, weight, WC, and hipline. Urine albumin-creatinine ratio(ACR) within the range of 30-300mg/g was classified as MAU. The subjects were divided into normal albuminuria ( NAU ) group and MAU group. The correlations between MAU and different obesity indexes including BMI, WC and WHR, were analyzed. Results Among the 2080 subjects, there was a positive correlation between BMI (r = 0. 1276,P＜0.01) and ACR, and WC (r = 0.0840, P ＜0.01) and ACR. WHR and ACR was irrelevant ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). In univariate analysis, there was significant difference in BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 ( OR = 2. 02 ) and WC ≥85 cm (male) or≥80 cm (female) (OR = 1.69 ) between NAU group and MAU group (P ＜ 0. 05 ).There was no significant difference in BMI 24-＜ 28 kg/m2, and WHR ≥0. 90 (male) or ≥0. 85 (female)between NAU group and MAU group( P≥0. 05 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI ( OR = 1.06) was an isolated independent risk factor of MAU from age ( OR = 1.01 ), female ( OR = 1.42),systolic blood pressure (OR=1.01), TC (OR=1.93) and HDL-C (OR=0.54). Conclusions Obesity is an independent risk factor of MAU among partial community population in Beijing. The correlation between different obesity indexes and MAU also differs.

According to the theory of in vitro radioassay, using TSHAb as binder and 125I-staphylococcal protein A (125I-SPA) as tracer agent, a new method for detecting the abnormal immunoglobulin (aIgG) in the sera of patients with Graves disease (GD) was reported. In the initial study of the method, the most appropriate interacting conditions of TSHAb with aIgG were explored and compared with ELISA using ganglioside (GLS) as a binder. The relationship between aIgG and thyroid-stimulating imunoglobulin(TSI) was probed into. The results showed that TSHAb could interact specifically with aIgG in vitro; but it could not interact with IgG from sera of normal subjects, systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) patients and diabetic patients. With aIgG as an evaluating index, the mean value in 29 normal subjects was 1. 06?0. 17. When the sera of 72 patients with GD in different clinical stages were studied, the aIgG index was positive in 83% of untreated GD patients (n = 24), in 12% of GD patients in clinical remission (n = 25) and in 82% of relapsed GD patients (n = 23). Very significant difference was observed between normal subjets and untreated and relapsed patients with GD (P

The issue as to whether hospital ownership has an impact on the quality of care has long been a serious concern.Hand hygiene (HH) compliance is regarded as an important indicator of the quality of care in the control of hospital-acquired infections.However,little information is available on whether hospital ownership influences HH compliance.In this study,of 229 hospitals selected from Hubei province in China,152 were public and 77 were private hospitals.A total of 23 652 healthcare workers (HCWs) were surveyed,using a convenience sampling.HH compliance,the WHO's "My Five Moments for hand hygiene" (5MHH),among HCWs,together with the factors of hospital ownership,training frequency,bed occupancy rates,etc.were collected.Univariate analysis and ordinal logistic regression analysis were used to analyze factors affecting HH compliance.Overall,HH compliance rates were 67％ and 79％ for public and private hospitals,respectively.The HH compliance rates of HCWs and 5MHH were between 55％ and 95％,and influenced by hospital ownership (P＜0.05),excluding compliance rate at the moment after body fluid exposure,and other influence factors included training frequency and bed occupancy rate (P＜0.05).HH compliance is better in private than in public hospitals.Hospital ownership is a significant factor affecting HH compliance,in addition to training frequency and bed occupancy rate.

Data mining technology has become a powerful tool in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research. In this paper, based on the principle and basic requirements of data mining, the mining methods and procedures were described. And then the application of data mining technology in Chinese medicine pair research was classified and summarized, such as the compatibility characters, characteristic pairs, dosage-effect relationship and property compatibility, which provide the direction and data base for modern research of Chinese medicine pair.
Cluster Analysis ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Prescriptions ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

AIM: To investigate the influence and mechanisms of unsaturated fatty acid on PAI-1 expression in HepG-2 cells. METHODS: PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression were determined by colorimetric assay and RT-PCR, respectively. Two types of CAT reporter gene plasmid containing different deletions in PAI-1 promoter were constructed and transfected into HepG-2 cells, respectively. The transcriptional activity of PAI-1 was demonstrated by the CAT's expression. RESULTS: The mRNA and activity of PAI-1 significantly increased in the groups of oleic acid and linoleic acid compared with the control. When co-transfected with PPAR?-pSG5, the level of PAI-1 transcription was significantly increased. In the HepG-2 cells transfected with NF-?B-like sequence-deletion-pCAT construct linoleic acid, the PAI-1 transcriptional activity increased, and no significant change was observed when transfected with VLDL/fatty acid response element-deletion-pCAT construct. CONCLUSIONS: Unsaturated fatty acids induce PAI-1 activity and mRNA expression in HepG-2 cells. PPAR? may be one of transcription factors playing a role in the regulation of PAI-1 gene expression. The VLDL/fatty acid response element in the PAI-1 promoter may play an important role in the regulation, but not the NF-?B-like sequence.

Objective To explore the clinical feature,diagnosis and treatment of postoperative chylothorax after congenital cardiac surgery.Methods From Jan.2000 to Jan.2008,36 consecutive infants following cardiac surgery were diagnosed postoperative chylothorax.Age at operation ranged 6 days to 4 years.Weight ranged 3.5 kg to 17.0 kg.Indications for cardiac surgery were:tetralogy of Fallot 18 cases,complete atrioventricular septal defect 5 cases,double outlet of right ventricle 4 cases,complex heart defect for Fontan operation 4 cases,coarctation of the aorta 2 cases,total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage 2 cases,patent ductus arteriosus 1 case.Chylothorax occurred in right side was 32 cases,in left side 3 cases,bilateral side 1 case.Diagnostic time for chylothorax was postoperative 1-10 d.Results Thirty-four cases were treated conservatively with success(34/36,94.44%).Only 2 cases needed surgical treatment.The chest drainage volume before con-servative treatment was 22-60 mL/(kg?d)[mean 40.82 mL/(kg?d)].The mean duration of chylous drainage was 15 d(ranged 7 d to 42 d).There was no death in hospital.Two children had sepsis.The cases were followed up 2 weeks-7 years.One newborn was abandoned because of the other reason after discharge.There was no recurrence of chylothorax.Twenty-two cases were still in low-fat diet.Conclusions The chylothorax following operation of congenital heart disease should be noticed and early diagnosed.The initial treatment is conservative,but surgical treatment ought to be considered if the conservative management is unsuccessful.J Appl Clin Pediatr,2009,24(1):70-72

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the curriculum system for Master of Pharmacy in the field of industrial pharmacy.METHODS:The method of comparative study was adopted to analyze the situation of curriculum system for Master of Pharmacy in the field of industrial pharmacy in 9 domestic universities of "985 Project".Based on it,reform idea and measures of the curriculum system for Master of Pharmacy in the field of industrial pharmacy in our university.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:There were some problems in curriculum system for Master of Pharmacy in the field of industrial pharmacy,such as positioning of curriculum system was unclear;many courses of Master of Pharmacy were same as the Academic Master of Pharmacy or Master of Pharmaceutical Engineering;vocational training knowledge course was merely nominal;practical curriculum lacked.Pharmacy college of our university reformed curriculum system for master of pharmacy in the field of industrial pharmacy in respects of independence and practicality.The cultivation target was repositioned,which was different from Academic Master of Pharmacy.The existing courses were hackled on the basis of the principle of "utilizing current curriculum fully and rationally".The professional knowledge training courses and practical courses.Teaching methods had been innovated.After reform,graduate school employment rate increased year by year.

Adult ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mushroom Poisoning ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To explore protective effect of topiramate (TPM) and folic acid (FA) on mitochondrial damage in hippocampal CA3 neurons during pentylenetetrazol- induced kindling in immature rats.Methods Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced kindling in rats was used to establish rat models of epilepsy.Forty-eight 3-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: two therapy groups with TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) or TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) and FA 5 mg/(kg?d) administration, 2 control groups (positive control group and negative control group) with the equal amount of distilled water administration. The seizure behaviors of rats were evaluated. Two months later, the rats were killed and the brain sections were made. The mitochondrial ultrastructures of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region were observed with transmission electron microscope.Results In the positive control group, the frequency of seizure was (48.4 ? 3.7)times, while in TPM group (44.3 ? 3.1)times and in TPM and FA group(40.8 ? 3 .7)times.The differences were significant among three groups (Pa

AIM To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on cardiac hypertrophy in vitro. METHODS Hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (MC) and cardiac nonmyocytes (NMC) was established with angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ). mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). MTT assay and 3H TdR uptake was used to estimate proliferation of NMC. The surface area of MC was analyzed by the aid of NIH Image J software, and the synthetic rate of protein in MC was detected by 3H leucine incorporation. RESULTS In the condition of hypertrophy, increases of surface area,mRNA expression of ANP and BNP and 3H leucine incorporation in MC and an increase of proliferation in NMC were detected, but no changes in mRNA expression of ANP and BNP in NMC. Pioglitazone inhibited the changes above and reduced mRNA expression of ANP and BNP in NMC in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that pioglitazone inhibits cardiac hypertrophy in vitro and it suggests that pioglitazone has a potential role in the prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases such as cardiac hypertrophy.