Objective To detect the apoptosis and the intensity of proliferation in different types of renal pathology in children with lupus nephritis (LN), analyzed the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in LN. Methods Twenty - seven children (aged 7-16 years old, 21 type IV and 6 type V ) with biopsy- proven LN and nine as controls were included in the study. Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick- end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsy samples. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the proliferating cells identified by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and detect the expressions of proteins of apoptosis associated gene PDCD5 and Caspase - 3 in these patients. Results 1. Compared to type V LN, the patients with type IV LN had more apoptolic cells,more PCNA positive cells and higher ratios of PCNA/apoptosis (P/A) in glomeruli. 2. There were no difference in expression of PDCD5 in glomeruli in type IV LN compared with those in type V LN. Numbers of apoptotic cells were observed in glomeruli. The expression of Caspase- 3 in type IV LN increased in glomeruli compared with that in type V LN. Conclusions The up- regulation of mechanism of apoptosis in type IV LN was less than that of type V LN. Caspase- 3 participated in the apoptosis of glomeruli of LN, but PDCD5 did not play a role during apoptosis of glomeruli of LN or the effect of PDCD5 promoting apoptosis was depressed.

Objective To investigate the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) and relationships of these expressions with the clinicopathology in breast cancer patients aged 70 years old and over. Methods The expressions of ER, PR and HER-2 were detected by immunohistochemical staining from 124 elderly breast cancer patients, and the relationships of these expressions with pathological classification, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage were analyzed. Results Among 124 patients, the positive expression rate of ER and PR was 75.0% (93/124) and 71.0% (88/124),respectively. They were not associated with pathological classification, tumor size, lymph node metastasis or TNM stage (all P＞0. 05). The positive expression rate of Her-2(+++) and Her-2 (++) was 11.3% (14/124) and 24.2% (30/124), respectively. And the expression of Her-2 was significantly associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P＜0. 05) but not with pathological classification (P＞0. 05). Conclusions The positive expressions of ER and PR are not correlated with the clinicopathology in elderly breast cancer patients. Her-2 overexpression is positively associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Pneumoconiosis ; mortality ; Retrospective Studies

China ; epidemiology ; Coal Mining ; Humans ; Pneumoconiosis ; epidemiology ; Private Sector ; statistics & numerical data ; Public Sector ; statistics & numerical data ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To observe the changes in numbers and degranulation status of local mast cells (MCs) of the complementary acupionts, as well as the concentrations of serum histamine and bradykinin after acupuncture at rat's complementary acupionts of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 10), for exploring the mechanisms of the synergistic effect of complementary acupionts. Methods: Using random number table method, 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a blank control group (group K), an acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) group (group A), an acupuncture at Yinlingquan (SP 9) group (group B), an acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) group (group AB), and an acupuncture at points near Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) group (group CD), 8 rats in each group. Group A received acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34); group B received acupuncture at Yinlingquan (SP 9); group AB received acupuncture at Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9); group CD received acupuncture at the control points [points 3 mm away from Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) respectively]. Acupuncture was performed at bilateral points in each group. Rats in group K were fixed using the same method as rats in the other 4 groups without acupuncture stimulation. Needles of 0.35 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length were used for acupuncture. Needle handle was connected to the G6805-Ⅱ mode electroacupuncture (EA) device after needling qi was obtained, with sparse-dense wave, frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz and current of 1 mA to keep the needle handles slightly tremulous while the rats kept quiet. Rats were continuously stimulated by EA for 20 min each time. Experimental interventions were conducted on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days when the experiment started, for 4 times in total. Specimens from rats in each group were collected 2 h after the 7th day. The levels of histamine and bradykinin in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Local tissues of the points were used to prepare cryosections. The changes of MCs were observed after toluidine blue staining. Results: Compared with group K, the numbers and degranulation rates of MCs in group A, group B, group AB and group CD were significantly increased (all P<0.05). The number and degranulation rate of MCs in group AB were significantly higher than those in group A, group B and group CD (all P<0.05). The order of histamine levels from high to low was: group AB >group B > group A > group CD > group K, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05); the levels of bradykinin in group AB, group A and group B were significantly higher than those in group K and group CD (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the bradykinin level between group A and group B, nor between group CD and group K (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The number and degranulation rate of MCs of the complementary acupionts are significantly increased after acupuncture at complementary acupionts of Yanglingquan (GB 34) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) of rats, and the serum levels of histamine and bradykinin are increased, which may be one of the mechanisms of the synergism produced by the combination of complementary acupionts.

OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis (LN) by studying the relationship between apoptosis and proliferation in children with LN.

METHODSThirty-one children (23 girls, 8 boys, aged 6-16 years) with biopsy-proven LN (21 type IV, 6 type V, 2 type II and 2 type III) and nine controls were included in the study. Apoptosis was detected by in situ nick-end labeling techniques (TUNEL) in renal biopsy samples. Proliferation was shown by PCNA detection. Immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expressions of PCNA, PDCD5 and Caspase-3. The images of glomeruli (G) and renal tubuli (T) were selected randomly on each biopsy sample, respectively, and transferred into computer by SECOM video camera. The quantity of PDCD5 and Caspase-3 expressions were evaluated according to the average intensity of PDCD5 and Caspase-3.

RESULTS1. Compared to control group, the patients with LN had increased apoptotic cells (G: 0.14 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.26; T: 0.16 +/- 0.07 vs. 1.16 +/- 0.42; P < 0.01) and increased PCNA positive cells (G: 0.47 +/- 0.25 vs. 8.45 +/- 2.83; T: 1.32 +/- 0.15 vs. 13.73 +/- 3.54; P < 0.01) in glomeruli and renal tubuli. The high ratios of PCNA/apoptosis (P/A) were observed in glomeruli (3.37 +/- 1.93 vs. 10.01 +/- 2.96, P < 0.01) and tubuli (8.94 +/- 1.79 vs. 12.81 +/- 3.91, P < 0.05) in LN group. 2. There was no difference in expression of PDCD5 in glomeruli between LN children and controls (0.09 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.08 +/- 0.02, P > 0.05). The expression of PDCD5 in renal tubuli decreased significantly in LN children compared with controls (0.13 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.21 +/- 0.07, P < 0.01). 3. The expression of Caspase-3 in children with LN increased significantly in glomeruli and tubuli compared with that in controls (0.22 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.02; 0.08 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.01; P < 0.01). 4. The number of glomerular apoptotic cells showed a positive correlation with the expression of Caspase-3 (r = 0.718, P < 0.01), but no correlation with the expression of PDCD5 in all cases (r = 0.054, P > 0.05). The intensity of PDCD5 expression in glomeruli and renal tubuli showed no correlation with that of Caspase-3 expression in all cases (r = 0.061, P > 0.05, r = 0.049, P > 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in renal tubuli correlated negatively with the intensity of PDCD5 expression, whereas correlated positively with intensity of Caspase-3 expression in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS1. Although the number of apoptotic cells in the kidney of LN was more than that in the kidney of control group, the apoptosis in the kidney of LN was relative insufficient compared with the proliferation. 2. Caspase-3 was involved in the apoptosis of glomeruli and renal tubuli of LN. 3. It was unclear if PDCD5 participated in the apoptosis of glomeruli of LN. While PDCD5 might participate the apoptosis of renal tubuli in LN.

Adolescent ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Biopsy ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; metabolism ; pathology ; Kidney Tubules ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lupus Nephritis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; metabolism ; Regression Analysis

Objective: To investigate the utilization status of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and to analyze the use rationality.Methods: The doctor's advice in 40 days annually was collected in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province from 2009 to 2015, and the drug consumption, frequency of utilization (DDDs), defined daily cost (DDC) and drug utilization index (DUI) were analyzed for the patients with lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKI.Results: Icotinib, erlotinib and gefitinib were the three prevalent EGFR-TKIs used in Zhejiang province, and icotinib started to be used in clinics in 2013.The overall cost of EGFR-TKIs increased year by year during 2009 and 2015, and the total amount of sales increased by 4.67 times in 2015 when compared with that in 2009.Generally, the DDDs value of erlotinib showed a decreasing trend, however, that of icotinib and gefitinib rose year by year during 2009 and 2015.Erlotinib had the highest DDC followed by gefitinib and icotinib.The mean value of DUI of the three targeted drugs was about 1.Conclusion: The utilization of EGFR-TKI is reasonable in 11 hospitals of Zhejiang province with increasing comsuption.

(3S)-Linalool synthase (LIS) is a key enzyme involved in the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway. Based on our previous transcriptome study, the expression level of LIS gene was exceedingly related to glycyrrhizic acid (GA) biosynthesis. Therefore, we used hairy root culturing to further investigate the effect of LIS on the GA biosynthesis. A LIS gene (GenBank accession number: MZ169552) was cloned from Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The plant binary overexpression vector pCA-LIS was constructed by gene fusion. G. uralensis hairy roots overexpressing LIS were induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC15834. The expression levels of LIS were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and the contents of GA in hairy root lines were determined by UPLC. It was found that in the hairy root lines overexpressing LIS, the expression levels of LIS were significantly higher than that in the wild type, while the contents of GA were remarkably lower than those in the wild type and negative control. These findings indicate that the expression level of LIS is negatively correlated with the accumulation of GA. In this study, LIS was cloned from G. uralensis for the first time and the negative regulatory effect of LIS on GA biosynthesis was confirmed by reverse genetics. This work provides support for further improvement of the molecular regulatory network of GA biosynthesis in G. uralensis.

Objective To study antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of extended spectrum ?-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC ?-lactamase-producing Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from specimens of respiratory tract in children.Methods Bacterial isolates were identified by API or VITEK32. Agar dilution was used for antibiotic susceptibility test,and ESBLs and AmpC were detected by confirmatory test recommended by CLSI/NCCLS and by 3-aminophenylboronic acid (APB) disk potentiation test, respectively.Microarray was used to determine the genotypes of ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases.Genotypes of Klebsiella oxytoca were determined by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)- PCR.Results ESBLs were positive in 129 out of 165 isolates (78.2%).Both ESBLs and AmpC ?- lactamases were positive in 16 out of 165 isolates (9.7%).AmpC ?-lactamase alone producer was not detected in term of phenotype and genotype.CTX-M was the most common type of ESBLs and DHA was the only type of AmpC ?-lactamase in these isolates.Most antibiotic resistant strains of Klebsiella oxytoca possessed the same genotype by ERIC-PCR.Although all strains were susceptible to carbpenem,Klebsiella oxytoca with ?-lactamases were more resistant to other antibiotic agents than those without ?- lactamases.Conclusions There is high prevalence of ESBLs production among Klebsiella oxytoca isolated from children in Urumqi.The main genotypes of ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases are CTX-M and DHA.

BACKGROUNDContrast media administration can result in severe nephrotoxicity under pathological conditions such as diabetic nephropathy, congestive heart failure, dehydration, et al. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary hypercholesterolemia on contrast media-induced changes in renal function, blood flow, and histopathology.

METHODSRats were fed either on a normal rodent diet (group N) or a high-cholesterol supplemented diet (group H; 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic acid) for 8 weeks. Half of the animals (n = 6) from each diet group were then given a tail vein injection of 60% diatrizoate (6 ml/kg; group NC and group HC) and the other half were administered saline. Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance rate, fractional excretion of sodium and potassium, and cortical nitric oxide production were determined one day following contrast media administration. Renal blood flow was determined by color Doppler flow imaging and pulsed-mode Doppler. Renal histopathology was observed by light microscopy.

RESULTSTotal serum cholesterol and resistance indices of renal blood vessels increased significantly, while creatinine clearance rate and production of nitric oxide in the renal cortex decreased markedly in group HC and group H when compared to group N and group NC. The creatinine clearance rate decreased significantly in group HC compared to group H. Serum creatinine levels and fractional excretion of sodium and potassium in group HC were significantly higher than those in the other three groups. Severe tubular degeneration and necrosis, protein cast accumulation, and medullary congestion were found in group HC.

CONCLUSIONHypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for contrast media-induced nephropathy. Hypercholesterolemia aggravates contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity through the reduced production of nitric oxide.

Animals ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; toxicity ; Contrast Media ; toxicity ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Renal Circulation