Objective To build a foundation for determination of C reaction protein,C reaction protein was expressed and purified,and the immune reactivity of the purified protein was identified.Methods The CRP cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR from human liver cDNA library and inserted into expression vector pCRTT/NT.The recombined plasmid CRP-pCRTT/NT which expressed the fusion protein of CRP was then transferred into lysogenic host strain E coli.BL21 (DE3).The target protein was identified using SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).Affinity chromatography was used for protein purification.The immune reactivity of purified CRP was identified by Western blot using anti-CRP specific antibody.Results Recombiant human CRP was expressed in inclusion bodies of E.coli with a six histamine tag.The purify of recombinant protein was detected by SDS-PAGE as a single band at 30 000 and was identified by Western blot.Conclusions A plasmid expressed CRP protein is constructed and the purification system of CRP protein is established.The immune reactivity of the purified protein is identified by Western blot,which makes a good base for the preparation of CRP test kit.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of surgical resection extent and other clinicopathological characteristics on the prognosis in patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma.

METHODSThe data of 135 surgically treated patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-seven patients (group A) underwent simple hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. The other 78 patients (group B) received sub-radical or radical hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy with or without pelvic lymphadenectomy. The impact of surgery extent and other clinicopathological characteristics on the prognosis in patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between two groups in the pathological stage, pathologic type, tumor grade, depth of myometrial invasion, vascular tumor emboli, ovary invasion, lymph node metastasis, positive peritoneal cytology and adjuvant therapy (P > 0.05). However, the patients in group A had a significantly shorter operating time (105 vs. 145 min), less estimated blood loss (150 vs. 300 ml) and blood transfusion (0 approximately 600 vs. 0 approximately 1200 ml), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (12 vs. 13 days) than that in group B (all P < 0.05). The overall rates of post-operative complications were 15.8% in group A versus 26.9% in group B (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate in the group A was 14.0% versus 6.4% in group B (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the five-year survival rate in group A was 76.9% versus 85.8% in group B (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the important risk factors for clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma were deep myometrium invasion, high pathological grade, positive peritoneal cytology and ovarian metastasis, rather than surgical resection extent.

CONCLUSIONSurgery extent is not an important factor affecting the prognosis in patients with clinical stage I endometrial carcinoma, and extended surgery does not improve their survival. Therefore, excessive resection should be avoided in such cases.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; methods ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.
Autophagy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex

OBJECTIVETo compare the survival of patients with stage IIc or IV epithelial ovarian cancer treated either with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cytoreductive surgery or primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

METHODSThe clinical and pathological data of 160 patients with stage IIIc or IV epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosed pathologically between 1997 and 2005 were retrospectively reviewed. Forty-two patients were treated with NAC followed by cytoreductive surgery (NAC group) and 118 patients with PCS followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (PCA group).

RESULTSThe overall response rate of NAC group was 69.1%. No significant difference was observed between the NAC group and PCS group in operating time, intra-operative blood loss and units of blood-transfusion (P > 0.05). Optimal cytoreductive surgery was performed in 88.1% of NAC group versus in 71.2% of PCS group (P < 0.05). In those who had optimal cytoreductive surgery, the recurrent rate was 43.2% in NAC group versus 56.0% in PCS group without significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). The disease-free survival and progression-free survival was 7 and 8 months in NAC group, which were significantly shorter than 13 and 18 months in PCS group (P < 0.05), however, the median overall survival (OS) was 34 months in NAC group versus 43 months in PCS group without significant difference (P > 0.05). In the patients with optimal cytoreductive surgery, it was 34 months in NAC group versus 48 months in PCS group without significant difference either between two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONNeoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreductive surgery can improve the rate of optimal cytoreductive surgery for the patients with stage IIIc or IVepithelial ovarian cancer, but this regimen may neither reduce the recurrent rate nor prolong the survival when compared with the patients treated with primary cytoreductive surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Cisplatin ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Disease Progression ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Paclitaxel ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Taxoids ; therapeutic use

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaves contain mainly phenolic components with antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects. One of the principle components is p-coumaric acid. In this study, the transport behavior of p-coumaric acid, was observed after the administration of pineapple leaf phenols in vitro. Simultaneously, the effect of the phenols on glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides transportation and metabolism in HepG2 cells was also observed. The results showed that the phenols had good transport characteristics. 5 min after the administration, p-coumaric acid of the phenols could be detected, and the content of p-coumaric acid reached the peak concentration after 60 min of the administration. p-coumaric acid of phenols have time-and dose-dependent manner. While promoting glucose transporter (GLUT4) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression, the phenols decreased intracellular lipid content. This reduction of intracellular lipid content was highly correlated with the promotion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) expression, while the reduction of intracellular glucose levels was correlated with glycogen synthesis in the cells.
Ananas ; chemistry ; Biological Transport ; drug effects ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of covariates on the pharmacokinetic profiles of naringin in the total flavonoids of Drynaria fortunei (Kunze) J. Sm. in the Qianggu Capsule () by evaluating Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.

METHODSA total of 98 female patients from the communities of Jingshan, Beixinqiao, Jiaodaokou, Chaoyangmen, and Donghuamen in Beijing, China, aged 40 to 80 years, were included in this study. Blood samples were collected before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after a single oral dose of Qianggu Capsule. The concentration in blood samples from 32 patients before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after drug administration were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and full set of pharmacokinetic data was analyzed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling (NONMEM) software. The mean of population parameters clearance (C1), central distribution volume (V), absorption rate constant (Ka1), inter-compartmental clearance (C2), peripheral distribution volume (V2) were set as parameters and estimated through base model, covariate model, and final model. Age, height, weight, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hyperlipidemia, Liver (Gan) Kidney (Shen) yin insufficiency (GSYI), Kidney (Shen) yang insufficiency (SYI) were set as covariates.

RESULTSThe relationships between these parameters and covariates were analyzed. The results showed that C1 was the main parameter influenced by the selected covariates among the population parameters, and the relationships between the covariates and C1 were analyzed, among the selected covariates hyperlipidemia was identified as significant covariate of C1.

CONCLUSIONThe pharmacokinetic behaviors of naringin are altered with hyperlipidemia in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Flavanones ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporosis ; metabolism ; Polypodiaceae ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CC-RCC) are serious disorders and usually fatal, and always accompanied with pathological changes in the kidney. Signal-induced proliferation-associated protein 1 (SIPA-1) is a Rap1GTPase activating protein (Rap1GAP) expressed in the normal distal and collecting tubules of the murine kidney. Lupus-like autoimmune disease and leukemia have been observed in SIPA-1 deficient mice, suggesting a pathological relevance of SIPA-1 to SLE and carcinoma in human being. The expression pattern of SIPA-1 is as yet undefined and the pathogenesis of these diseases in humans remains elusive. In this study, we used both immunohistochemistry and quantum dot (QD)-based immunofluorescence staining to investigate the expression of SIPA-1 in renal specimens from SLE and CC-RCC patients. MTT assay and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of SIPA-1 overexpression on the proliferation and apoptosis of renal cell lines. Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) was applied to examine the changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA level. Results showed that SIPA-1 was highly expressed in the proximal and collecting tubules of nephrons in SLE patients compared to normal ones, and similar results were obtained in the specimens of CC-RCC patients. Although SIPA-1 overexpression did not affect cellular proliferation and apoptosis of both human 786-O renal cell carcinoma cells and rat NRK-52E renal epithelial cell lines, RT-PCR results showed that HIF-1α mRNA level was down-regulated by SIPA-1 overexpression in 786-O cells. These findings suggest that SIPA-1 may play critical roles in the pathological changes in kidney, and might provide a new biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of SLE and CC-RCC.
Apoptosis ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA Primers ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the validity of hepatic resection as a treatment option for hepatic parenchymal metastasis in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

METHODSA retrospective review of the clinicopathological and follow up data of 39 patients treated in our hospital from 1996 to 2008 was conducted.

RESULTSTen patients underwent partial hepatic resection for metastatic ovarian cancer. All the 10 patients underwent surgery were with unilobar metastasis and the number of tumors was lower than 3(P < 0.05). No significant difference existed in patient age, the primary pathology type and tumor grade, the rate of optimal primary cytoreductive surgery, the disease free survival after the primary therapy and the serum CA125 level at the liver metastasis when compared with the 29 patients accepted salvage chemotherapy (P > 0.05). There were 7 patients who achieved optional surgery. The operation complication was 3/10 and there was no perioperative mortality. There were 2 patients without postoperative chemotherapy in the 8 recurrent patients with microscopic negative margins. The median recurrence time was 12 (5 - 24) months after the hepatic resection. The overall median survival periods after hepatic metastasis were 26 and 9 months and the 3-years cumulative survival rates were 60.0% and 16.8% for the optimal surgery patients including hepatic surgery and the salvage chemotherapy patients, respectively (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHepatic resection for liver metastatic epithelial ovarian cancer is safe and may achieve long-term survival in patients after optimal second cytoreductive surgery.

CA-125 Antigen ; blood ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial ; pathology ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Salvage Therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic activity of NF-kappaB at the early stage of injury in multiple trauma patients and the protective effects of ulinastain.

METHODSFrom January 2008 to May 2010, patients with multiple traumas admitted to our emergency department were enrolled in this study. Their age varied from 20-55 years. All enrolled patients were assigned randomly into control group (26 cases of multiple injury without ulinastain treatment), ulinastain group (25 cases of multiple injury with ulinastain treatment), and mild injury group (20 cases) for basic control. The inclusion criteria for mild injury group were AIS-2005 less than or equal to 3, single wound, previously healthy inhospital patients without the history of surgical intervention. In addition to routine treatment, patients in ulinastain group were intravenously injected 200 000 IU of ulinastain dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline within 12 hours after injury and subsequently injected at the interval of every 8 hours for 7 days. NF-kappaB activity in monocytes and the level of TNF-alpha,IL-1, IL-6 in serum on admission (day 0), day 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 were measured. Data were compared and analyzed between different groups.

RESULTSNF-kappaB activity in monocytes and TNF-alpha,IL-1 and IL-6 of these patients reached peak levels at 24 hour after trauma, with gradual decrease to normal at 72 hour after trauma. NF-kappaB activity and levels of TNF-alpha,IL-1 and IL-6 were lower in ulinastain group than control one, without any significant difference between the two groups. The mean duration for systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome was 7 d+/-3.1 d and 10 d+/-3.5 d in ulinastain group and control group respectively, and showed a significant difference.

CONCLUSIONSNF-kappaB activity in monocytes and the levels of inflammatory cytokines in multiply injured patients increased transiently at the early stage of trauma. Ulinastain may shorten the duration of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, but does not show the ability to decrease the activity of NF-kappaB .

Cytokines ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Multiple Trauma ; NF-kappa B ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Unlike other non-gynecologic solid tumors, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, metastasis to bone from endometrial carcinoma is rare, metastasis to extremity is extremely rare. We report a 51-year-old multiparous woman with FIGO Stage IVb Grade 2 endometrial adenocarcinoma which metastasized to left lower extremity bone. She received an amputation of left lower extremity below the knees, and a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and followed by systemic chemotherapy, radiation therapy to the pelvis and progestational agent. She had a complete response to above treatments, and disease-free survival for 10 months. After recurrence, she received chemotherapy, radiotherapy and progestational agent once again. She had lived 56 months and is still alive by the time of report. Metastasis of endometrial carcinoma to extremity bone can rarely occur and should be considered when the patient with endometrial carcinoma complained of unexplained pain and swelling associated with extremity bone.
Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged