Background The primary management for nasolacrimal duct obstruction is the combination of lacrimal duct probing with lacrimal duct stent implantation.However,conventional implant is undegradable.New degradable lacrimal duct prosthesis based on biopolymer materials is a research hotspot.Objective This study described herein a preparation method of novel degradable lacrimal duct prosthesis and its application.Methods A new degradable lacrimal tube stent was prepared with compound of poly L lactic acid (PLLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) (6:4) and 15％ polyethylene glycol (PEG).Thirty-two Japanese rabbits aged 3-4 months were randomized into postoperative 1-week group,postoperative 4-week group,postoperative 8-week group and postoperative 16-week group.The degradable lacrimal tube stents were inserted into the lacrimal ducts of the left eyes of the rabbits.The prosthesis was removed in corresponding time points according to grouping,and the integrity and weight of the prosthesis were evaluated.The mucosal findings of the operative eyes were examined under the endoscope,and the histopathological and inflammatory reaction was observed by hematoxylin & eosin stain.The ultrastructure of the lacrimal mucosal surface was examined under the scanning electron microscope.The use and care of the rabbits complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The new degradable PLLA:PCL+15％ PEG lacrimal duct stents were smooth,flexible and hydrophilic tubes.The removed tubes were intact in the postoperative 1-week group,however,the rupture of the tubes appeared in the postoperative 4-week group,while discrete pieces of the tubes were seen in the postoperative 16-week group.The weight-loss rates of the tubes were (13.44±6.59)％,(23.96±6.33)％,(55.08-± 6.55) ％ and (78.00±8.74) ％ in the postoperative 1-week group,postoperative 4-week group,postoperative 8-week group and postoperative 16-week group,respectively,and the weight-loss rate of the tubes was significantly higher in the postoperative 16-week group than those in the postoperative 8-week group (q =4.27,P＜0.05).No significant difference was found in the weight-loss rate of the tubes between postoperative 1-week group and postoperative 4-week group (q =1.71,P＞0.05).The edema,hyperemia and mild proliferation of the lacrimal mucosal were exhibited in the eyes of the postoperative 4-and 8-week groups,and the mucosal findings were almost normal in the eyes of the postoperative 16-week group under the endoscope.Histopathological examination showed a large number of inflammatory cells in the postoperative 1-,4-and 8-week groups.However,few inflammatory cells were seen in the postoperative 16-week group.Mucosal folds,microvillus decrease and disorder were displayed in the lacrimal duct of the postoperative 8-week group,and no evident abnormality was seen in the lacrimal duct mucosal surface.No postoperative complication occurred in all the rabbits.Conclusions PLLA:PCL+15％ PEG lacrimal duct stent has an appropriate degradation speed and good biocompatibility after implant in rabbits,and its decay period of mechanical strength could match lacrimal duct healing period.

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC₅₀ values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

?AIM:To compare the coherence and difference on the fundus examination made with two kinds of optical coherence tomography ( OCT): Angio-OCT and fourier domain-optical coherence tomography ( FD-OCT) .?METHODS:Using Angio-OCT and FD-OCT to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer ( RNFL ) thickness, optic parameters, and ganglion cell complexes ( GCC ) thickness from 20 subjects respectively.The coherence was tested with Pearson's correlation coefficient, the difference was tested with paired Student t testing.?RESULTS:The total correlation of the RNFL thickness, optic parameters, GCC thickness made with two kinds of OCT was between 0.7-0.8;the RNFL thickness, optic disk area etc.made with the Angio-OCT were lower than those made with FD-OCT except for the GCC thickness.?CONCLUSION: The results made with two kinds of OCT from the same subject has certain coherence, but cannot be compared directly.

Objective To investigate the value of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 FDG)positron emission tomography and computer tomography (PET/CT)in the diagnosis and localization of ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS)induced by lung cancer,and to increase the accuracy rate of diagnosis of EAS.Methods 8 patients were histopathologically proven to be lung cancer.18 FDG PET/CT wholebody and brain scan were performed;magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),99m Tc-octreotide (OCT)imaging and inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS)were done in all patients.On 18 FDG PET/CT images,the SUVmax values of lesions and the SUVmax ratio of lesion tissue to normal lung tissue were calculated.Results ① 8 patients with EAS included 2 cases of carciniod,4 cases of atypical carciniod,and 2 cases of small cell lung cancer.The ACTH levels in inferior petrosal sinus and peripheral veins of 8 patients had no difference.②The chest CT showed there were pulmonary nodules in 6 cases (75%),among them 2 cases were atypical lesions.5 cases of pituitary adenomas were found by MRI (25%),and OCT imaging was positive in 2 cases (25%).③The 18 FDG PET/CT showed nodular,mass like or patch samples with high metabolic activity in 8 cases (100%)of pulmonary lesions.The SUVmax of tumor was 0.72 to 14.05 (3.67±4.68),and the ratio of SUVmax of lesion tissue to normal lung tissue was 1.69 to 27.54 (8.14 ± 9.63).18 FDG hypermetabolism was found in 8 cases of bilateral adrenal hyperplasia,while 4 cases showed pituitary tumor.Conclusion Lung cancer is a common source of EAS,especially carcinoid.18 FDG PET may show lower glucose metabolism.18 FDG PET/CT should be used as an assisted method to diagnose EAS.

Objective To analyze negative lymph nodes of 34 non-small cell lung cancer(NCLC) patients with total correction by means of fluorescent quantitation PCR and immunohistcchemistry,and to form molecular bi- ology staging.Methods Clinical data and tissue samples of 193 lymph nodes were collected from 34 patients under- going resection for non-small cell lung cancer.Using fluorescent quantitation reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry method,lymph nodes were examined for CEA gene mRNA,P53 and CK to form molecular biology staging.All the patients were followed-up for an average of forty months.Results The CEAmRNA was identified in 21.7% (42/193) lymph nodes negative patients from 17 patients(17/34,50%); TMN staging was up-regulated in 8 patients;positive lymph nodes were increased in 9 patients.P53 and AE1/AE3 were identified 9.8%(19/193) from 11 patients,18.6 % (36/193)from 15 patients,separately;TMN staging was up-regulated in 2 patients of P53 examination and 5 patients of AE1/AE3 analysis;positive lymph nodes were in- creased in in 7 patients of P53 examination and 11 patients of AE1/AE3 analysis.There was obvious statistical sig- nificance in them,but the molecular biology staging based on the three markers was not an independent factor on re- currence and metasis of lung cancer.Conclusion CEAmRNA.P53 and AE1/AE3 analysis could find lung cancer micrometasis more sensitively to form molecular biology staging which was relative to the prognosis,but not an inde- pendent prognostic indicator.It might be good to the therapy strategy after operation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of mixed reality technique for the surgery of oral and maxillofacial tumors. METHODS: In this study, patients with a diagnosis of an oral and maxillofacial tumor who were referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from December 2018 to January 2020 were selected. The preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography data of the patients were imported into StarAtlas Holographic Medical Imaging System (Visual 3D Corp., Beijing, China). Three-dimensional (3D) model of tumor and key structures, such as skeleton and vessels were reconstructed to three-dimensionally present the spatial relationship between them, followed with the key structures delineation and preoperative virtual surgical planning. By using mixed reality technique, the real-time 3D model was displayed stereotactically in the surgical site. While keeping sterile during operation, the surgeon could use simple gestures to adjust the 3D model, and observed the location, range, and size of tumor and the key structures adjacent to the tumor. Mixed reality technique was used to assist the operation: 3D model registration was performed for guidance before tumor excision; intraoperative real-time verification was performed during tumor exposure and after excision of the tumor. The Likert scale was used to evaluate the application of mixed reality technique after the operation. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent mixed reality assisted tumor resection, and all of them successfully completed the operation. The average time of the 3D model registration was 12.0 minutes. In all the cases, the surgeon could intuitively and three-dimensionally observe the 3D model of the tumor and the surrounding anatomical structures, and could adjust the model during the operation. The results of the Likert scale showed that mixed reality technique got high scores in terms of perceptual accuracy, helping to locate the anatomical parts, the role of model guidance during surgery, and the potential for improving surgical safety (4.22, 4.19, 4.16, and 4.28 points respectively). Eight patients healed well without perioperative complications. CONCLUSION By providing real-time stereotactic visualization of anatomy of surgical site and guiding the operation process through 3D model, mixed reality technique could improve the accuracy and safety of the excision of oral and maxillofacial tumors.
Augmented Reality ; China ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Neoplasms ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Computer-Assisted

Objective To evaluate five years results of laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)for correction of myopia.Design Ret- rospective case series.Participant 64 patients(126 eyes)with myopia received operation of LASIK.Method 126 myopic eyes were treated with LASIK.Based on the preoperative spherical equivalent refraction(SER),the patients were divided into Group A,B and C(-3.00D～6.00D,-6.25D～-10.00D and -10.38D～-19.88D).Before and after operation,the visual acuity,refraction,anterior seg- ment,funduscopy,intraocular pressures of patients were measured,and the patients were followed-up five years.Main Outcome Measure Visual acuity,intraocular pressure,refraction and complication.Result At five years,in Group A,B,C,uncorrected visual acuity was≥1.0 in 87.2%,69.1%,31.3% patients,and 100%,98.2%,75% had vision of≥0.5.After five years of operation,the re- fraction was -0.70D?0.52D,-1.06?0.13D,-2.46?2.14D in three groups respectively,there was no significant difference between Group A and B(P=0.23);But there was significant statistical difference between Gruop A and C(P=0.008),Group B and C(P=0.021)respec- tively.At the fifth-year,68.3%,45.0% and 23.5% of refraction in Group A,B,C were within?1.00D.Intraocular pressure at the fifth year was 11.91?2.35mmHg,11.31?2.20 mmHg and 9.24?2.20 mmHg respectively.In Gruop B and C,one patient complained glare re- spectively.In Gruop B,one patient's intraecular pressure was elevated after using glueocorticoid.In Group C,one eye was complicated with rbegmatogenous retinal detachment at the second year after LASIK.Conclusion In the follow-up of five years,LASIK is effective and safe.The results in middle and high myopia are better than that in extreme high myopia.(Ophthalmol CHN,2006,15:312-314)

A new hasubanan alkaloid, hernsubanine E (1), as well as two known compounds p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and (-)-syringaresinol (3) have been isolated from the whole plants of Stephania hernandifolia by various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses. Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus of Stephania for the first time.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Stephania ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate risk factors associated with peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 873 patients with colorectal cancer treated at the Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2003 to December 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. The associations between peritoneal metastasis and clinicopathological factors were evaluated by univariate analysis including independent-samples t test and χ(2) test, and multivariable logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSUnivariate analysis showed that age(P=0.032), tumor size(P=0.001), tumor differentiation(P=0.008), depth of bowel wall invasion(P=0.000), lymph node metastasis(P=0.000), serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level(P=0.003), and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) level(P=0.009) were associated with peritoneal metastasis. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, depth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level and CA19-9 level remained as significant risk factors(all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDepth of bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis, serum CEA level, and CA19-9 level are risk factors for peritoneal metastasis in colorectal cancer.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Peritoneum ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDbevacizumab is a humanized recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody, which specifically binds to VEGF and inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation and metastasis. We aimed to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab in Chinese patients with advanced cancer.

METHODSThirty-nine Chinese patients with metastatic or relapsed cancers who failed prior therapy were enrolled in this phase I study of bevacizumab. Bevacizumab was infused by a calculated pump at doses from 5 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg in 90 minutes. Patients underwent serial pharmacokinetic evaluations. Patients that received at least one infusion of bevacizumab were included in the safety study.

RESULTSThirty-five patients finished all 5 infusions following protocol. One patient withdrew after 3 infusions due to grade 3 proteinuria. Common adverse events possibly related to the study drug were proteinuria (17/39, 43.6%), hypertension (13/39, 33.3%), gingival bleeding (7/39, 17.9%), epistaxis (6/39, 15.4%), pharyngeal inflammation (6/39, 15.4%), fatigue (6/39, 15.4%) and stomatitis (4/39, 10.3%). Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics was linear within the range of 5 mg/kg q2w--10 mg/kg q2w and 15 mg/kg q3w. CL (clearance), Vd (volume of distribution at elimination) and Vss (volume of distribution at steady state) were similar after single and multiple doses at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg.

CONCLUSIONSBevacizumab is well tolerated in Chinese patients. No unexpected adverse events were observed. There is no racial difference in the pharmacokinetics.

Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Bevacizumab ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy