Objective To explore clinical effect of surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures via modified lateral L-shaped incision.Methods From January 2005 to October 2011,133patients (143 feet) with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures,including 125 males and 8 females,aged from 19 years to 65 years (average,43.2 years),underwent open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision.There were 56 cases of left calcaneal fractures,67 cases of right calcaneal fractures,and 10 cases of bilateral calcaneal fractures,and all of them were closed fracture.According to Sanders classification,15 feet were classified as type Ⅱ,107 type Ⅲ,and 21 type Ⅳ.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale were used to access outcomes.Results One hundred and twenty five patients (135 feet) were followed up for 12 to 28 months (average,18.5months).All fractures healed after an average of 13 weeks (range,8-16 weeks).There were on nerve injury or osteomyelitis.Incision dehiscence occurred in 4 feet,which healed after removing the plate.Subtalar joint traumatic arthritis occurred in 17 feet,with walking pain.Collapse of articular surface occurred in 5 feet after weight-bearing.According to AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale,excellent result was got in 94 cases,good in 29 cases,fair in 14 cases,poor in 6 cases; and the excellent and good rate was 92.9％.Conclusion Open reduction and internal fixation via modified lateral L-shaped incision for treating displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures can obtain satisfactory results,but the skilled surgical techniques are needed.

BACKGROUND: Compound materials have strong osteogenic ability, which reinforce the substitute materials used alone. Compound material will be commonly used to repair bone defects in tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To explore the osteogenic capacity of tetracycline loaded bio-derived bone in vivo. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized controlled observation was performed at Tissue Engineering Laboratory (State Key Laboratory) of West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University from September 2004 to January 2005. MATERIALS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=12). Rabbit models of radial middle segment defect (1.5 cm) were established. Tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone was made of fresh human bone. METHODS: The tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone was implanted into radial defects of experimental group, and collagen bio-derived bone was implanted into control group. All rabbits were executed 6 and 12 weeks after operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Osteogenic condition in all specimens was examined by X-ray and histological methods. RESULTS: Twenty-four animals were included in final analysis. ①X-ray results showed that osteotylus was seen in the whole defect area of the experimental group in postoperative 6 weeks, while only in the defect ends of the control group. In 12 weeks after surgery, new bone tissue filled all defect area of the experimental group, which was basically consistent with normal bone, even medullary canal was formed. Osteogenic images were found in the control group. ②Histological results suggested that new osteoid formation was observed in internal pore zone in the experimental group in 6 weeks, while no bone tissue was found in the control group. In 12 weeks, much woven bone was seen in the experimental group, and lamellar bone structure had formed and medullary cavity of bones had transfixed. Osteoid formation was observed in the control group. CONCLUSION: Both tetracycline collagen bio-derived bone and collagen bio-derived bone can promote bone formation, but tetracycline loaded bio-derived materials show superior effect in repairing defects.

BACKGROUND: Each matrix material alone possesses the limited ability of osteogenesis, so it is a future direction of tissue engineering that apply composite materials on the repair of bone defect by enhancing osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To study the osteogenesis ability of collagen loaded bio-derived bone implanted in animals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A random controlled animal experiment was completed in Tissue Engineering Laboratory of West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University between January and April in 2004. MATERIALS: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were adopted to prepare 1.5-cm segmental defect model at the middle part of radius. Human bone was extirpated from donators, and collagen Ⅰ was the product of Sigma Company. METHODS: Rabbit models were divided into 2 groups by randomization, experimental group and control group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The extirpated bone was made into pure bio-derived bone by means of defatting, decellularization and deproteinization. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was established by the vacuum absorption of collagen on pure bio-derived bone. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was implanted into the defects of experimental group, while pure bio-derived bone for the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, all specimens were examined by X-ray and histological methods. RESULTS: The result analysis included all of 16 rabbit models. X-ray results showed that, osteotylus was seen in the whole defect area of experimental group at 12 weeks postoperatively, at this time osteogenesis was more obvious compared with 6 weeks, the bridge grafting of defect area was obviously visible. In the control group, osteotylus was only observed on two ends of the defects, no osteogenesis was found in the central part of defect area. Histological results showed that, new osteoid formation could be seen in internal porous zone of the experimental group at 6 weeks postoperatively, while in control group fibrous connective tissue filled internal porous zone and no new bone formed; at 12 weeks, much more woven bone-like tissues were visible and trabecular-like structure had formed in the experimental group, while osteoid tissue could be seen in bone defect area of control group. CONCLUSION: Both pure bio-derived bone and collagen bio-derived bone can enhance osteanagenesis, but collagen loaded bio-derived bone scaffold material is more effective.

Objective To discussed the relationship between multiple sclerosis(MS)and the genepolymorphism of HLA hoping that these results would be useful for further pathogeny studies,diagnoses,therapy and prognosis estimation of MS.Methods HLA-Ⅱ alleles in 32 patients with MS,36 nonimmunological neurological disease controls and 30 healthy controls,were identified by polymerase chain reaction-specific sequence primers(PCR-SSP)methods.Results The gene frequency of HLA-DR16 (7/32,1/36,0/30),DR11(7/32,3/36,1/30)and DQB1*0502(10/32,6/36,4/30)in patients with MS were higher than those in the 2 control groups.The gene frequency of DQB1*0601(8/32,12/36,17/30)in the patients with MS was lower than the controls.However,only the HLA-DR16 had significant difference (χ2=7.398,RR=17.94,P=0.011;χ2=5.52,RR=9.8,P=0.022).Conclusion HLA-DR16 alleles may be associated with the susceptibility to MS in Guizhou Province.

Objective To study role of MDC/CCI22-CCR4 axis in mouse milky spots with peritoneal carcinomatosis of gastric cancer. Methods We examined the expression of CCR4 in 615 Mouse gastric cancer cell (MFC) lines by RT-PCR and Western-blot; Peritoneal metastasis model on the 615mouse was established by intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml MFC cells(1×104 cells). Dil fluorescence was used to observe the transfer process and section of MFC. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to detect the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 in omental milky spot; the structure of Milky spot was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, namely, the saline control group (received saline) and MFC group. The concentration of CCL22 in ascitic fluid was measured in the 615 mice injected MFC after 6,8,10 days and in the saline group. Results MFC first metastasizes to the milky spot on the omentum, the expression of CCR4 and CCL22 were observered in the milky spot. The surface layer cells in milky spot consisted of discontinuous mesothelial cells and mainly macrophages and lymphocytes. The average value of CCL22 was 43 pg/ml and 364 pg/ml respectively in saline control group and MFC group.Conclusions MDC/CCL22-CCR4 axis plays an important role in the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis in mouse gastric cancer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex (consistent of 15 active compounds) on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. The effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex on cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells were determined by MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex on the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells was detected by ELISA assay. The expression of IL-1β and mPGES-1 in Guizhi Fuling capsule or active complex treated RAW264. 7 cells was examined by Western blot assay. Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex showed no significant effect on the cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells at doses range from 12.5 to 400 mg x L(-1). Compared with LPS treated group, Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex dose dependently reduced the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β and mPGES-1 was decreased after Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex treatment, which might contribute to the inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule in the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2. This study provided the evidence that Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex remarkably inhibited the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells by reducing the expression IL-1β and mPGES-1. This study provided an experimental basis of Guizhi Fuling capsule for the treatment of inflammation and a theoretical basis for the development of effective compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; immunology ; Interleukin-1beta ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

AIMTo establish the fundamentals for the design of scutellarin prodrug and formulation with feasible physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties by esterifying scutellarin, an active component with poor absorption extracted from Erigeron breviscapus of Chinese medicine.

METHODSWith the method of salifying followed by esterifying, ethyl and benzyl ester of scutellarin were synthesized. Glycolamide ester of scutellarin was also synthesized with an improved method. Their structures were confirmed by MS and 1H NMR. The solubility and partition coefficient of the prodrugs were determined and their degradations were investigated in various buffers and in human plasma. The emulsion and cyclodextrin complex of glycolamide ester were prepared and the protection of the ester from degradation was compared in the intestinal tract contents. Furthermore, the degradation of glycolamide ester in the homogenates of various intestinal segments was studied. Results Three prodrugs were synthesized successfully and their structures were confirmed. Glycolamide ester of scutellarin showed better stability in the aqueous solution (t(1/2) approximately =16 d, pH 4.2) and the shortest half-life in the human serum (t(1/2) approximately =7 min). Compared with scutellarin, the solubility of glycolamide ester was increased about ten times in pH 4.0 buffer, and about thirty five times in water. Partition coefficient of the glycolamide ester increased significantly from -2.56 to 1.48. However, the ester degradation in the homogenates of intestinal mucus would be an obstacle for its absorption. The degradation rates were in the order duodenum > ileum > or = jejunum > colon. The emulsion showed a better protection of glycolamide ester from the degradation than cyclodextrin complex.

CONCLUSIONGlycolamide ester of scutellarin shows better physicochemical properties than ethyl and benzyl eater of scutellarin, but its stability in intestinal tract needs to be improved. The emulsion or / and colon-targeted delivery may be selected as one of strategies to decrease the presystemic degradation.

Animals ; Apigenin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Emulsions ; Erigeron ; chemistry ; Esters ; Flavones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucuronates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucuronides ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Intestines ; metabolism ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prodrugs ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Qigui Tongfeng tablet (QLTFT) is a traditional Chinese medicine with good effect for treating gout. Here, network pharmacology method and molecular similarity analysis were utilized to study the effective substance basis and molecular mechanism of the QLTFT on the gout. The similarity to the medicinal compounds is reflected in the Tanimoto coefficient that gives the structural similarity of two compounds. Operationally, similar modifiers were described as pairs of concepts with a similarity score of 0. 500. The results of the molecular similarity analysis suggested that the flavonoids in QLTFT could be new leads for gout. Furthermore, complex biological systems may be represented and analyzed as computable networks. Two important properties of a network were degree and betweenness. Nodes with high degree or high betweenness may play important roles in the overall composition of a network. And the results of network analysis showed that dongbeinine, verticinone-N-oxide, verticine N-oxide, peimine, peiminine, isobaimonidine, dongbeirine, peimisine and simi-arenol which with high degree acted on xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-9, an arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, tyrosine-protein kinase and etc. Inhibition of these targets can prevent the formation of uric acid, reduce inflammation by uric acid and regulate the body's immune response. Thus, these compounds may be the main effective substance basis. The research results not only reveals its molecular mechanism, but also provide a theoretical basis for the quality control of drugs and clinical application.
Gout ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Pharmacology ; methods ; Tablets ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To establish rSAG1-IgM-ELISA with purified rSAG1 fusion protein for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Methods The rSAG1 fusion protein was purified by Ni 2+ column. The ELISA plate was coated with different concentrations of rSAG1, reacted with pooled positive and negtive human sera. Goat anti-human IgM conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used as the second antibody. The appropriate detecting condition of the rSAG1-IgM-ELISA assay was determined by orthogonal experiment. The reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of the assay were assessed. Thirty-five IgM-positive and 57 IgM-negative human sera detected by the imported IgM-ELISA kit were detected with the rSAG1-IgM-ELISA. Results The purity of rSAG1 was above 90%. The appropriate detecting condition was that the coated rSAG1 was 2 5 ?g/ml, the human serum was in 1∶100 dilution, and the second antibody was in 1∶4000 dilution. The coefficient of variation (CV) value of IgM-positive and IgM-negative pooled sera were 13 8% and 7 7% respectively. The inhibition rate of the assay was 62 0% The positive correspondence rate and negative correspondence rate were 82 9% (29/35) and 91 2% (52/57) respectively,the total correspondence rate was 88 0%, compared with the imported IgM-ELISA kit. Conclusions The rSAG1-IgM-ELISA has high sensitivity and specificity, and good correspondence rate with the imported IgM-ELISA kit. It indicates that rSAG1-IgM-ELISA has potential value for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

Objective To conduct a computer simulation to evaluate the discrepancy between the cumulative doses calculated by four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) images and 4DCT scans (for real-time respiratory motions) due to the patient's irregular breathing.Methods A series of digital phantoms were generated from a patient's 4DCT images to simulate 4DCT images and 4DCT scans (for real-time respiratory motions) resulting from various irregular breathing curves.A six-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy plan was generated.Two cumulative doses in the target were calculated.The first one, named Dall, was calculated by tracking the point displacements in the target manifested on the 4DCT images;the second one, named D4D, was calculated based on the point displacements along the whole breathing motion during 4DCT scanning.Dose discrepancy between D4D and Dall was calculated to evaluate the correlation between breathing pattern and dose discrepancy in the target.Results The dose discrepancy in the target was correlated with mean motion excursion and the standard deviation of motion excursion.ΔDmin(ΔD99) in the target increased from 2.39%(2.04%) to 11.91%(5.24%) as the mean motion excursion increased from 5 mm to 15 mm, and increased from 5.93%(2.15%) to 14.65%(5.01%) as the standard deviation of motion excursion increased from 15% to 45% of the mean motion excursion.When the mean period increased from 3 s to 5 s or the standard deviation of period increased from 10% to 40% of the mean period,ΔDmin(ΔD99) in the target was greater than 6.0%(2.0%), but less than 9.0%(3.0%).When the target diameter was 2 cm, 3 cm, and 4 cm,ΔDminΔD99) in the target was 11.88%(5.50%), 6.91%(2.42%), and 7.53%(3.62%), respectively.Conclusions There is a large discrepancy between the cumulative doses calculated using 4DCT images and 4DCT scans (for real-time respiratory motions) when the patient has irregular breathing.This dose discrepancy depends on mean motion excursion and the standard deviation of motion excursion, but has little relationship with mean period, the standard deviation of period, and tumor volume.