Objective To investigate the status of disinfection and sterilization quality of different levels of medical institu-tes in Xi’an,and improve the management level of disinfection and sterilization of medical institutes. Methods Disinfection and sterilization efficacy of 69 medical institutes were monitored and evaluated according to Standardization for Disinfec-tionTechniques (2002 edition)and Sanitary Standards for Hospital Disinfection (GB15982-1995). Results From 2011 to 2013,2 224 specimens were tested,1 766 (79.41% )were qualified.The qualified rate of tertiary medical institutes was higher than second and below medical institutes (83.67% vs 77.50% ,P= 0.001),the qualified rate between public medical institutes and private medical institutes was not statistically different (79 .64% vs 78 .20% , P= 0.532),the qualified rate of comprehensive medical institutes was higher than specialized medical institutes (80.18% vs 74.92% ,P= 0.030). Of different detected specimens,the qualified rates of disinfectant in use and pressure steam sterilizers (including test pack and process challenge device)were higher (98.46% ,100.00% ,and 98.06% respectively),while the hands of health care workers (HCWs)and glutaraldehyde were lower(58.48% and 43 .28% respectively).Conclusion Disinfection and sterilization quality in different medical institutes in Xi’an is dif-ferent,and different disinfected and sterilized objects are also varied .It is necessary to intensify the management of hand hygiene of HCWs and concentration of glutaraldehyde.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome

Objective To investigate the protective effects of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO)treatment on histopathologic changes seen in hyperoxia induced lung injury.Methods Rat pups were randomly divided into four groups:Ⅰ:air-exposed control group,Ⅱ: air-exposed+rhEPO-treated group,Ⅲ:hyperoxia-exposed control group,Ⅳ:hyperoxia-exposed+rhEPO-treated group.GroupⅢ and Ⅳ rats were exposed to 85% oxygen.GroupⅡand Ⅳ rats were received rhEPO (1 200 U/kg) subcutaneously on postnatal 0 day and 2 day.On postnatal 14 day,survival curve,measurement of body weight and lung weight,radical alveolar counts(RAC),microvessel count were compared,CD_ 31 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) were performed by immunostaining to assess hyperoxia-induced changes in lung morphology.Results Treatment of hyperoxia-exposed rats with rhEPO prolonged the survival and resulted in a significant increase in the weight gain of body and lung[(25.88?2.59) vs(18.8?3.93) P

Objective To explore the clinical and electroencephalography features of children's frontal lobe epilepsy(FLE)and improve the diagnosis and therapy.Methods Medical records were reviewed and neuropsychological evaluations of patients with FLE diagnosed from 2000 to 2006.Children were examined by 24 h EEG and imaging examinations.Their charts for family medical history,seizure,aura,simultaneous phenomenon and anti-epilepic drug therapeutic effects were reviewed.Results Seizures were clonus in 24 cases,tonic in 4 cases,adversive,atonic,vomit in 2 cases,respectively,paresthesia,cephalic,visul,sensory in 1 case,Imaging finding were in 9 of 40.All the 40 cases were bought into 1 to 6 years' follow-up.Long-term control was achieved in 35 of 40.Partial control was achieved in 3 of 40.The left 2 cases had no response to the anti-epileptic drugs.Conclusions The common features of FLE included high seizure frequency,short duration and nocturnal preponderance.There is high positive rate of active EEG in detecting epileptic discharges,and active EEG shoud be necessary.Carbamazepine is recommended to be the first choice to FLE.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of advanced endometrial cancer with californium-252 brachytherapy. Methods 21 cases of endometrial cancers who had not received any treatment were diagnosed as in the stages Ⅰ～Ⅳ according to the criteria of FIGO. Treatment schedule included: 252Cf brachytherapy, 8～12Gy/fraction/week, the total dose of reference point A was 35～45 Gy and total dose of reference point F was 35～50Gy in three to four implant sessions. On the second day after 252Cf therapy, the whole pelvis was treated with 6MV X-ray external beam radiotherapy, 200 cGy per fraction, 4 times per week. The total dose of external beam radiotherapy was 45 to 50 Gy (the middle of pelvis was shielded with 4cm of lead), and the total treatment time was 5～6weeks. The recent therapeutic effect and complications were observed. Results The average time of complete tumor regression was 25 days, the local control rate was over 90%; the late radioactive complications of bladder and rectum was low during the 5-year follow-up period. Conclusions Combined californium-252 brachytherapy and high energy X-ray external beam radiotherapy may be safe and effective on advanced endometrial cancer.

Objective To research the early effect and side effect on the radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patient using IMRT compared with conventional radiotherapy. Methods Seventy eight nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients were divided into IMRT group (38 patients) and conventional radiotherapy group (40 patients). After CT-sim, the radiation oncologist and physician delineated the outline of GTV, CTV, parotid gland, spinal cord and brain stem. The receiving volume of parotid, spinal cord and PTV was respectively calculated by using inversing plan. Face-neck, supracalvicular field, amte-aural field and postaural field were adopted to receive electrons during conventional radiotherapy. Seven to nine conformal fields including 80-100 sub-fields were adopted during IMRT. The reaction of skin, parotid (xerostomia) and oral mucosa were recorded during radiotherapy. Results The nasopharyngeal and para-nasopharyngeal lesions regressed completely after radiotherapy. The volume received by the parotid, spinal cord and PTV was 30%?4.8, 56%?6.7, 95%?8.6, 92%?8.1 respectively in IMRT group, and 98%?9.4, 56%?10.7, 100%?9.7, 99%?9.5 respectively in conventional radiotherapy group. The received volume of parotid in IMRT group was significantly lower than in conventional radiotherapy group. The reaction of skin was grade I in IMRT group and grade II, III in conventional radiotherapy group. The reaction of parotid (xerostomia) was grade I and II in IMRT group and grade II and III in conventional radiotherapy group. The reaction of oral mucosa was grade I to II in IMRT group and grade II and III in conventional radiotherapy group. The reactions of skin and parotid (xerostomia) were lighter in IMRT group compared with those in conventional radiotherapy group. The time of radiotherapy was 45?4.4 days in IMRT group and 51?5.3 days in conventional radiotherapy group respectively. Conclusion The radiotherapy using IMRT regime can decrease the reaction of parotid (xerostomia) and skin to complete the radiotherapy course of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. Moreover, it can increase the life quality in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after radiotherapy and also shorten the time of radiotherapy.

Objective To develop a new,three dimensional dynamic system for pulse detection.Methods According to bionics,a multi-information sensing mode with a soft surface is designed on the basis of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis in pulse.This mode imitates the touching sense of human finger and with the application of modern computer information processing technique,the pulse information is extracted in the way that is as close as possible to the traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis.Results With the application of new sensor,pulse signal is detected and the effectiveness of the inovative three-dimension data transimition mode is validated since the pulse signal is three-dimensionally re-displayed on the computer screen.Conclusion The method introduced in this paper is proved feasible for detecting pulse information.Expected results are obtained and the method provides a new way and new feature reference for research and teaching in objectifying the diagnosis of traditional Chinese medical sciences.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory activity of eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides (EOP) on immunodepressive mice. Method The immunodepressive mice model was established with cyclophosphamide (CY) treated. EOP was given with different doses, and mouse weight, thymus index, spleen index, abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates, engulfing index were measured. Result 300 grams Eucommia ulmoides Oliv crude drugs after withdraw separate gained 9.3 grams polysaccharides. After CY injection, the mouse weight, chest gland index, abdominal cavity macrophage swallowing rate, phagocytic count reduced. EOP could resist the mouse body weight drop induced by CY, elevate the thymus index of immunity low mouse, obviously increase mouse abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates and engulfing index (P

The effects of electrical and chemical stimulation of the vertral medial area of nucleus facialis (vMNF) on the myoelectric activities of genioglossus were observed in 26 urethane-anaesthetized and vagotomized rabbits. The results are as follows: (1) Long train electrical stimulation at the vMNF inhibitited the myoelectric activities of genioglossus markedly. (2) Microinjection of glutamate into the vMNF caused inhibitory response of the myoelectric activities of genioglossus. (3) When single pulse electrical stimulation on vMNF, measurement latency of genioglossus myoelectric activities was (20.6±0.4)ms. These results suggested that the excitation of vMNF could decrease the myoelectric activities of genioglossus so that the resistance of upper airway might be enhanced.

Objective To observe the effect of CT-aided scalp surrounding needling on infraction dementia by retaining long time. Methods 53 infraction patients following dementia were randomly divided into treatment group (n=26) and control group (n=27). The control group was treated with CT-aided scalp surrounding needling for 30 minutes, while the treatment group was treated with CT-aided scalp surrounding needling for 3 hours. The course was 8 weeks. The therapeutic effect was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE), Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HDS-R) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Results The scores of ADL, MMSE, and HDS-R improved obviously after treatment in two groups (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion CT-aided scalp surrounding needling by retaining long time may facilitate to enhance the clinical effect on infarction dementia.