Objective To discuss the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction by laparoscopic pyeloplasty. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive laparoscopic pyeloplasty in 102 patients between September 2001 and December 2007 was performed. The ureterpelvic junction was dissected and the obstruction portion was excised. Anastomosis was then performed through the ureter and the renal pelvis walls with a stent. Results The mean operating time was 120 min and the average blood loss was 80ml. No major complication occurred intraoperative. The drainage was removed in 3-10 days. The average hospital stay was 8.5 days. The stent was kept for 30-60 days. IVU and B ultrasound examination revealed that the hydronephrosis alleviated during the follow-up and no anastomosis stricture occurred. Conclusions Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty could provide lower morbidity, shorter hospital stay, and faster convalescence. It could be an effective treatment for ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

This study is to report the effect of OATP1B1 gene mutation in the 521T --> C in Chinese human on the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin and guide the reasonable clinical application of rosuvastatin by the feature of genetic polymorphism of OATP1B1. Plasma samples were determined with LC-MS: the analyte and internal standard pitavastatin were both analyzed by MS in the ESI, m/z was 480.0 for rosuvastatin and 420.0 for the IS, separately. Genotyping of OATP1B1 was determined with the method of polymerase chain reaction--amplification refractory mutation system targeted at 40 healthy volunteers and showed that there were 7 subjects with 521T --> C mutant, accounting to 17.5% of total and wild type homozygote accounted to 82.5%. It was found that there were significant differences between OATP1B1 mutation in the 521T --> C and wild type homozygote for rosuvastatin pharmacokinetic process in Chinese human. In contrast to OATP1B1 wild type group, OATP1B1 mutation group's absorption degree increased, elimination process decreased. The OATP1B1 mutation should be noted for guiding the reasonable application of rosuvastatin during its clinical use.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Exons ; Fluorobenzenes ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Organic Anion Transporters ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Pyrimidines ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1b1 ; Sulfonamides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) and protein kinase C (PKC) on apoptosis and observe the changes of cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) treated human leukemia cells NB4 and cortex neurons.

METHODS[Ca(2+)]i of NB4 cells and cortex neurons was probed with Fluo-3/AM, its changes were assayed with laser confocal microscopy in real-time after As2O3 treatment at different concentrations, the effects of PTK and PTP and the activation of PKC on these changes with confocal microscopy and phosphorus radioisotope assay. DNA ladders of NB4 cells and cortex neurons after exposed to As2O3 were observed.

RESULTSAs2O3 at 1 micromol/L could remarkably increase the [Ca(2+)]i of NB4 cells but had no effects on neurons. Vanadate, a kind of PTP inhibitor, could promote the increase of [Ca(2+)]i treated by 2, 5, 10 micromol/L As2O3 in a dose-dependent manner. The mean total increase rates at 240 seconds after exposed to As2O3 at different concentrations were (6.5 +/- 2.3)%, (21.7 +/- 2.1)%, (49.2 +/- 2.5)% for NB4 cells, and (6.7 +/- 2.1)%, (19.4 +/- 2.5)%, (52.3 +/- 2.7)% for cortex neurons, respectively. Genistein, a kind of PTK inhibitor, could decrease the increase of [Ca(2+)]i treated by 2, 5, 10 micromol/L As2O3 in a dose-dependent manner. The mean total inhibited rates at 240 seconds after As2O3 treatment at different concentrations were (6.7 +/- 2.9)%, (25.6 +/- 2.5)%, (52.2 +/- 3.5)% for NB4 cells, and (7.8 +/- 3.1)%, (18.1 +/- 2.8)%, (51.3 +/- 3.3)% for cortex neurons, respectively. The activation of PKC began to increase as exposed to As2O3 at 1 micromol/L for 3 h, and kept rising continuously in NB4 cells and at 24 h DNA ladders emerged. However, none of the above results was found in human cortex neurons, but when exposed to 2 micromol/L As2O3, the activation of PKC and DNA ladders did emerge in neurons.

CONCLUSIONSThe phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of PTK and PTP participated in nonspecific apoptosis signal transduction pathway related to As2O3, and accompanied with PKC activation. The [Ca(2+)]i elevation was closely related to increased PKC activation. There existed difference in dose tolerances to As2O3 between NB4 cell and cortex neurons.

Adult ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C ; metabolism ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases ; metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism

Adult ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Arsenicals ; adverse effects ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Diseases ; chemically induced ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; drug therapy ; Male ; Necrosis ; Oxides ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVESTo study the effect of acute urinary retention on the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration.

METHODSBlood samples from 34 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients with acute urinary retention were drawn immediately before suprapubic cystomy and 48 hours after relief of urinary retention. Serum PSA concentrations were measured with radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe mean serum PSA levels of BPH patients with acute urinary retention was (24.6 +/- 16.1) micrograms/L (range from 2.6 micrograms/L to 45.8 micrograms/L). Forty-eight hours after relief of urinary retention, the mean serum PSA levels declined to (9.4 +/- 6.3) micrograms/L (range from 1.7 micrograms/L to 16.6 micrograms/L). The difference was significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSAcute urinary retention could dramatically increase the serum PSA value of patients with BPH. After relief of the urinary retention, the patients had a great than 50% decreased of PSA values.

Acute Disease ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; blood ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; blood ; Urinary Retention ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of constantly slow intravenous arsenic trioxide (As2O3) infusion regimen on decreasing leukocytosis in vivo and in vitro.

METHODSThree kinds of leukemia cells, NB4, K562, and acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells, were cultured in the media with constant concentration and varying concentrations of As2O3 respectively for 24 hours. Seventy-five patients were enrolled in two groups randomly. In trial group, 37 patients received continuously slow intravenous As2O3 infusion regimen for 24 hours with an infusion rate of 8 drips per minute and total infusion duration of about 18-21 hours daily. In control group, 38 patients received routine regimen with an infusion rate of 45-55 drips per minute and total infusion duration of about 2-3 hours daily for 24 hours. The daily As2O3 dosage was 0. 16 mg/kg. The intracellular arsenic concentration was measured by atomic fluorescence assay. The apoptosis rate of cells, CD33- CD11b+ cells, and CD33+ CD11b- cells were monitored by flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe apoptosis rates of NB4, K562, and APL leukemia cells in the media with constant As2O3 concentration were 56.6% +/- 2.4%, 27.6% +/- 3.1%, and 52.2% +/- 2.8%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those with changing As2O3 concentration (23.2% +/- 2.1%, 11.0% +/- 2.5%, and 21.0% +/- 2.5%, respectively, P < 0.01). The apoptosis rates of APL, M2 type acute myeloid leukemia (AML-M2), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in the trial group (28.5% +/- 1.9%, 9.5% +/- 0.6%, and 12.5% +/- 1.8%) were also significantly higher than those in control group (8.5% +/- 2.2%, 2. 9% +/- 0.8%, and 4.5% +/- 1.2%; P < 0.05). The ratios of CD33 CD11b- and CD33- CD11b+ cells in control group were significantly higher than those in trial group.

CONCLUSIONThe continuously slow intravenous As2O3 infusion regimen can obtain high efficiency of apoptosis and low differentiation proportion, relieve leukocytosis, and gain maximal therapeutic benefit.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; administration & dosage ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leukocytosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; Oxides ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo analyze the drug-sensitivity-related genes to anti-tumor drugs navalbine (NVB) and docetaxel (Doc) in four SCLC and six NSCLC cell lines.

METHODSThe sensitivity of 4 SCLC lines and 6 NSCLC lines to NVB and to Doc was determined with MTT test. The expression of 1291 anti-tumor drug sensitivity-related genes in the 10 cell lines was assayed by cDNA macroarray technique, and cluster analysis was performed to find the relationship between the results obtained by the above mentioned two measurements.

RESULTS(1) The anti-tumor effect of NVB on the 10 cell lines was apparently better than that of Doc. (2) The drug sensitivity-related genes in these 10 cell lines showed a more close positive correlation with Doc than that with NVB, whereas more genes showed negative correlation with NVB than that with Doc. But in 6 NSCLC cell lines, more genes showed the same positive or negative correlation with the two drugs. (3) 51 genes in the 10 cell lines showed correlation with Doc or NVB. 13 of them had negative correlation with Doc, 11 of them showed positive correlation. 24 of them showed negative correlation with NVB, 3 of them showed positive correlation. 67 genes in 6 NSCLC cell lines showed a correlation with sensitivity to Doc or NVB, among them 34 had negative correlation with Doc, 4 had positive correlation. 25 genes had negative correlation with NVB, 4 had positive correlation. (4) Rab 1, Rab 3, Rho B, Rho C, Rac 1, Rac 2, Gho GDI beta, CD44, integrin alpha5, integrin alpha6, integrin beta5, vinculin showed to be cytoskeleton-related genes differently expressing in SCLC or NSCLC cell lines.

CONCLUSIONThere is obvious difference in the drug sensitivity-related genes to NVB or Doc between SCLC and NSCLC cell lines.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cluster Analysis ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; metabolism ; Cytoskeleton ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Integrin alpha5 ; metabolism ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Taxoids ; pharmacology ; Vinblastine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; rab1 GTP-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; rac1 GTP-Binding Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of combined androgen block therapy on hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit value (Ht) in patients with prostate cancer.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty-six patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with combined androgen block (orchiectomy and flutamide 250 mg, Tid). Complete blood counts were detected before initiation and after 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of therapy.

RESULTSHb level declined significantly in all patients from a mean baseline of (136 +/- 14) g/L to (126 +/- 16) g/L, (121 +/- 14) g/L, (120 +/- 15) g/L, (113 +/- 12) g/L, (121 +/- 13) g/L and (123 +/- 15) g/L at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Ht decreased from a mean baseline of 0.424 +/- 0.041 to 0.390 +/- 0.038, 0.381 +/- 0.042, 0.378 +/- 0.038, 0.366 +/- 0.041, 0.384 +/- 0.039 and 0.387 +/- 0.040. The differences between Hb, Ht before and after treatment were significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPatients with prostate cancer being treated with combined androgen block would develop a significant degree of anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit level should be monitored periodically. This kind of anemia can be treated by recombinant human erythropoietin.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgen Antagonists ; adverse effects ; Anemia ; chemically induced ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy

Objective To improve the diagnosis accuracy and treatment quality of juxtaglomerular cell tumor.Methods The clinical data of 2 female patients(20 and 36 years,respectively)with juxtaglo- merular cell tumor were presented and discussed in combination with review of the literature,including the onset characteristics,imaging features,treatment,pathology and prognosis.Case 1 presented with hyperten- sion of 180/110 mm Hg.The laboratory examinations showed that in decubitus and standing position,the plasma rennin activity(PRA)was 3.2?g - L~(-1)?h~(-1)and 36.5?g?L~(-1)?h~(-1);angiotensinⅡwas 54.3 pg/ml and 183.5 pg/ml;aldosterone was 193.5 prnol/L and 489.4 pmol/L,respectively;serum kalium was 2.6 mmol/L.Case 2 presented with hypertension of 210/120 mm Hg.The laboratory examination results were as follows:in decubitus and standing position,PRA was 4.3?g?L~(-1)?h~(-1)and 37.0?g?L~(-1)?h~(-1);angio- teusinⅡwas 55.6 pg/ml and 200.4 pg/ml;aldosterone was 162.4 pmol/L and 506.3 pmol/L,respectively; serum kalium was 3.0 mmol/L.On CT scan,both cases had renal tumor,with the diameter of 3.0 cm and 3. 5 cm,respectively.Results Case 1 underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.Case 2 who had artery stricture and severe functional injure of the right kidney underwent laparoscopic right nephrectomy.The oper- ative time was 3.0 h and 2.0 h,and the blood loss was 175 ml and 112 ml,respectively.There was no mor- tality or postoperative complication.In 1 or 2 postoperative weeks,Case 1 had blood pressure(BP)of 120/70 mm Hg;in deeubitus and standing position,PRA was 1.5?g ~ L~(-1)?b~(-1)and 12.8?g?L~(-1)?h~(-1);angio- tensinⅡwas 30.6 pg/ml and 97.5 pg/ml;aldosterone was 78.5 pmol/L and 192.2 pmol/L,respectively ;se- rum kalium was 4.2 mmol/L.Case 2 had BP of 125/75 mm Hg;in decubitus and standing position,PRA was 1.6?g.L~(-1)?h~(-1)and 12.3?g.L~(-1)?h(-1);angiotensinⅡwas 34.3 pg/ml and 83.5 pg/ml;aldoste- rone was 62.6 pmol/L and 292.5 pmol/L,respectively;serum kalium was 4.8 mmol/L.Pathology showed that the juxtaglomerular cell tumor had intact envelop.Light microscopically,the tumor was very much like a hemangiopericytoma,showing active proliferation and nuclear atypia.The immunohistochemical staining showed positive Vimentin,CD_(34)expression,and negative MSA,EMA,Bcl-2,?-SmA,AG/AG3,34?En, CD_(117),CD_(31),Iv glue,Ki-G~-(＜2%)expression.Ultrastructural changes of the nuclei and some organelles in the cytoplasm were observed under electron microscope.The conspicuous ultrastructural feature was the pres- ence of secretion granules and rhomboid-shaped,crystal-like structures in the dilated cisternae of rough endo- plasmic reticulum and vesicles of Golgi complex.The follow-up was 14 and 6 months,respectively;the renal function was normal and no tumor recurrence was found.Conelusions Juxtaglomerular cell tumor is a rare tumor which can produce renin.It is characterized by severe hypertension and low serum potassium.La- boratory examination results are helpful for the diagnosis:PRA and angiotensinⅡincrease obviously ;aldoste- rone is 1-10 times more than normal;serum kalium is commonly between 2.1-3.5 mmol/L.The definite diagnosis depends on clinical presentations,immunohistochemistry,light and electron microscopic examina- tions.Laparoscopie operation is the first choice of surgical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of the Shikani Optical Stylet (SOS)-guided intubation through a new Intubating Laryngeal Airway (ILA) in anticipated difficult airways caused by scar contracture of the face and neck.
Methods Thirty-three adult patients with anticipated difficult airways undergoing selective faciocervical scar plastic surgery under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study. After anesthesia induction, a size 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 ILA was inserted. Following good lung ventilation being verified, the SOS preloaded with an endotracheal tube was inserted via the ILA. Once the clear vocal cords came into view under the SOS, the endotracheal tube was advanced through glottis into the trachea.
Results The ILA provided an effective airway in all patients. Intubation was successful at the first attempt on 22/33 (66.7%) occasions and at the second attempt on 6/33 (18.2%). Intubation failed in 5 (15.1%) patients who suffered from severe limitation of head extension due to scar contracture of the neck. These patients’ tracheas were finally intubated using a fibreoptic bronchoscope via the ILA.
Conclusions The SOS-guided intubating method via the ILA is a feasible technique in patients with scar contracture of the face and neck. However, in patients with severe limitation of head extension, the use of SOS cannot be recommended. The SOS can be used as an alternative apparatus when the fibreoptic bronchoscope is not available.