Objective To evaluate the effects of peritoneal jet ventilation on peritoneal oxygenation in pigs.Methods Twenty-four pigs of both sexes (12-16 weeks,35-45 kg) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 each): sham operation group (group S) ; peritoneal regular frequency jet ventilation group (16 bpm)(group N) and peritoneal high-frequency jet ventilation group (150 bpm) (group H).Oral tracheal intubation was performed.The animals were mechanically ventilated (VT 8-12 ml/kg,RR 12-16 bpm,I:E 1.0:1.5,FiO2 100％) via airway.Endotracheal tubes were inserted into abdomen through the incisions in the left lower (for peritoneal jet ventilation) and right upper quadrant (for outlet of air).Arterial blood PaO2 and PaCO2 were measured before (baseline) and at 30,60,90,120,150,180,210 and 240 s of peritoneal jet ventilation.Peritoneal jet ventilation was started after the lungs being mechanically ventilated for 35 min.Peritoneal jet ventilation was terminated when SpO2 dropped to SpO2 ＜ 90 ％.The duration of safe apnea (DSA,from the moment of begging of peritoneal jet ventilation to the time when PaO2 ＜ 60 mm Hg).Results PaO2 was significandy higher and DSA longer in group H than in groups S and N.But there was no significant difference in PaCO2 among the 3 groups.Conclusion Peritoneal high-frequency jet ventilation can significantly enhance the efficiency of peritoneal oxygenation and prolong DSA,while peritoneal regular frequency jet ventilation has no effect on peritoneal oxygenation.

Objective To study the clinical significance of vires infection and serum interleukin-2 (IL-2)Ievels in recurrent childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Methods The cytomegalovirus(CMV),epstein-Barrvirus(EBV)-adenovirus(ADV),herpesvirus(HSV)antibodies ISM and IL-2 levels were determined in the serum of 4 childhood with recurrent childhood ITP as well as in 40 normal controls with ELISA and RIA.Re-sults The CMV-lgM positive cases were 18,EBV-IgM were 14-ADV-IgM were 5,HSV-lgM were 3.In the controls,those were 3,2,1,and 0 respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The serum IL-2(0.35±0.12)μg/L levels were sig-nificantly lower than those in the controls[(0.61±0.17)μ/L,P<0.05].Conclusion DNA virus antibodies and IL-2 levels can reflect virus infection and immune condition of diseases in recurrent childhood ITP.It is impor-rant to comprehend the mechanism of recurrent childhood ITP for guiding clinical treatment.

OBJECTIVE To enhance the positive rate of the blood culture in order to make pathogenic diagnosis actually and quickly and conducting usage of antimicrobial agents in clinic.To value the clinical applied circumstance of BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system.METHODS The 3728 blood cultures were detected by BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system,and bacterial susceptibility test was conducted on all isolates using Kirby-Bauer methods with CLSI standards.To statistically analyze the examined time,the positive rate and variety and drug resistance for all kinds of pathogens.RESULTS The blood culture positive rate was 6.0% in the 3728 blood cultures with 222 strains of bacteria.The false positive rate was 0.2% and the false negative rate was 0.4%.The positive rate of blood culture was 0.89% in 12 hours,2.01% in 18 hours,and 3.51% in 24 hours.Among all the 222 isolates,29.7% were Enterobacteriaceae,the drug resistant rates to amikacin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,and imipenem were 13.6%,36.3%,42.4%,and 3.0%,respectively;20.3% were Staphylococcus,the drug resistant rates to erythromycin,levofloxacin,cefoxitin,and vancomycin were 75.6%,33.3%,68.9%,and 0,respectively;11.7% were Enterococcus,the drug resistant rates to errythromycin,levofloxacin,fosfomycin,and vancomycin were 96.2%,80.8%,23.1%,and 0,respectively;11.3% were non-fermented bacilli,the drug resistant rates to amikacin,ceftazidime,ciprofloxacin,and imipenem were 32.0%,52.0%,32.0%,and 32.0%,respectively;12.6% were fungi.CONCLUSIONS The pathogens in the blood specimens are more wider in distribution and more higher in drug resistance rates than before.BacT/Alert 3D automated blood culture system can be an important tool for the blood culture,it can provide the diagnostic help quickly for the clinic and increase the positive rates in blood culture.It can not only shorten the check-up time,but also be more quick and more exact.

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution or change and drug resistance of the bacteria flora in nosocomial infection,in order to provide laboratory evidence for controlling nosocomial infection and to indicate clinical antimicrobial agents usage.METHODS All isolates were identified by routine procedure and VITEK microbe automatic system and API identified system.Drug susceptibility test was used K-B paper disk diffusion method in accordance with the CLSI/NCCLS standards.RESULTS There were 11 464 strains of bacteria which were obtained from 2002 to 2006.Sputum,secretion and middle urine were the major specimens.The major bacteria floras were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,Acinetobacter,Enterococcus,Staphylococcus and Candida albicans,whose isolating rates were 57.02% in 2002,64.46% in 2003,57.83% in 2004,57.49% in 2005,and 60.73% in 2006.E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae produced ESBLs rates were from 39.87% to 61.98% that drug resistance rates to cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem were 14.06% and 0.64%.The drug resistance rates of nonferment Gram-negtive bacteria to cefoperazone/sulbactam were below 33.22%,Gram-positive cocci to vancomycin was below 0.34%.CONCLUSIONS Now,the important bacteria flora is nonferment Gram-negative bacteria in nosocomial infection.The P.aeruginosa,E.coli,Acinetobacter baumannii,Enterococcus faecalis,C.albicans,and meticillin-resistant staphylococcus(MRS) were prevalent important bacteria in nosocomial infection.The situation of producing ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae is very severe.Glycopeptides are the best choice to MRS.To zymogenic bacteria and the nonferment Gram-negtive bacteria that cause severe infection,combining-drug treatment can be chosen according to drug susceptibility test results.

Background Animal model of fungal keratitis is an available tool to the experimental study of the pathogenesis mechanism of fungal keratitis. Current modeling methods of fungal keratitis include corneal scratching, corneal stroma injection and corneal surface lens methods. But these methods still have their own shortages. Objective This experiment was to create a fungal keratitis animal model by modifying corneal surface lens method. Methods Modified animal models of fungal keratitis were created by modified corneal surface lens method in 12 general adult New Zealand white rabbits. The filter papers soaked 108 spores / ml or A106spores / ml of spergillus fumigatus suspension were attached on the de-epithelial cornea surface and fixed with contact lens and tarsorrhaphy for 2 days, and the filter paper with physiological saline was used as control group. The symptoms of anterior segment were examined under the slit lamp in 3 ,7 and 14 days after surgery and scored based on the criteria of Dong. Corneal scraping was stained with 10% potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white stain to observed mycelium under the fluorescence microscope. Corneal tissue sections were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid Schiff staining under the light microscope. The use of animal followed the Standard of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology. Results Fungal keratitis models were successfully established in 6 eyes and 4 eyes in 108 spores/ml group (6/6) and 106 spores/ml group respectively. The symptom was more severer and score was higher in the eyes of 108 spores/ml group than that in 106 spores/ml group. At 3 and 7 days after surgery,the symptom scores of fungal keratitis models were higher than those of control group from 3 through 7 days with the statistically significant difference (P<0. 01) and the symptom scores of 108 spores/ml group were significantly higher than those of 106 spores/ml group (P<0. 01). At 14 days after surgery, the symptom scores of 108 spores/ml group were still higher than those of control group (P<0. 05). Fungal hyphae was seen in the corneal scrapes in 108 spores/ml group and 106 spores/ml group respectively from 3 through 7 days after surgery. Inflammatory cell infiltration, stroma cells necrosis and fungal hyphae were presented in 108 spores/ml group, and the corneal neovascularization could be observed in 108 spores / ml group 14 days later. Fungal culture revealed the positive outcome in both 3 and 7 days after surgery in 108 spores/ml group,but in 106 spores/ml group,the positive result was only in the 3rd day. Conclusion Modified corneal surface lens method is more feasible and sample in the model of Aspergillus keratitis. This animal model of Aspergillus keratitis is practical for the further study of fungal keratitis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi on cardiocyte viability of swines with myocardial reperfusion injury by analyzing the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) position emission tomography (PET) imaging. Methods: Twenty-four swines were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, trimethazine group and extract of Bulbus Allii Caespitosi group. Myocardial reperfusion injury was induced by plugging the anterior descending coronary artery of swine with sacculus. Bulbus Allii Caespitosi or trimetazidine was given twice daily for 28 days. Then myocardial perfusion was detected with (18)F-FDG PET/CT and the radioactivity distribution was evaluated. Results: Compared with the untreated group, Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine could improve the activity of myocardial cells after myocardial infarction (P<0.01), and there were no significant differences between Bulbus Allii Caespitosi and trimetazidine (P>0.05). Conclusion: Bulbus Allii Caespitosi can improve myocardial metabolism after ischemia and reperfusion in swines.

AIM: To construct recombinant adenovirus vector carrying the gene of human somatostatin receptor type 2(SSTR2) for gene therapy of pancreatic carcinoma.METHODS: SSTR2 cDNA was inserted into adenovirus shuttle plasmid pDC316,named pDC316-SSTR2.pDC316-SSTR2 was cotransfected with rescue plasmid pBHGlox(delta) E1,3Cre into 293 cells by liposome reagent.Ad-SSTR2 was generated by site-specific recombination and confirmed by PCR.Ad-SSTR2 was propagated in 293 cells and purified.The titer of viral stock was determined by end-point dilution assay.Western blotting was used to determine the expression of SSTR2 protein after human pancreatic carcinoma cell capan-2 was infected with recombinant adenovirus.RESULTS: pDC316-SSTR2 was successfully constructed.Recombinant adenovirus Ad-SSTR2 was acquired by pDC316-SSTR2 and pBHGlox(delta) E1,3Cre cotransfected into 293 cells.Ad-SSTR2 was characterized by PCR.The virus titer was 6.0?10~(12) pfu/L.SSTR2 protein was detected after adenovirus infected capan-2 48 h with Western blotting.CONCLUSION: The recombinant adenovirus vector encoding human SSTR2 is successfully constructed and correctly expressed in pancreatic carcinoma cells.This investigation provides the basis for study of gene therapy of pancreatic carcinoma.

Objective To determine the efficacy of berberine in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH) , and to investigate the regulating effect on macrophage phenotype transformation in hepatic tissue on methionine -choline deficiency (MCD) diet induced NASH mice.Methods Fourty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 mice per group): the normal group (fed with normal diet), the NASH model group (fed with MCD diet), rosiglitazone treatment group (30mg/kg) and berberine treatment group (150mg/kg).Drugs were adopted in the preventive intervention method for 2 weeks.The hepatic histopathological method was adopted to evaluate the drug therapeutic effect.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, and IL-10 were examined with ELISA method.M1 and M2 phenotype were detected by flow cytometry .Results The results showed berberine improved the degree of hepatic histopathology .Berberine not only reduced the level of TNF-α, but also increased the level of IL-10 in serum on NASH mice significantly ( P <0.05 ) . Flow cytometry data indicated that berberine decreased M 1 type macrophages and increased M 2 type macrophages in liver tissue .The ratio of M1/M2 was significantly decreased in berberine and rosiglitazone treated group ( P <0.01 ) .Conclusion Berberine may improve the hepatic pathological process in MCD diet induced NASH model possibly through modulating macrophage phenotype transformation , i.e.The ratio of M2 type is more than M1 type in hepatic tissue , and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines .

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of (CAG)n polymorphism in the exonl of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and its relation to the sensitivity of hypoxic training in men of Han nationality from northern China. Methods Sixty five healthy young men of Han nationality completed HiHiLo training under simulated normobaric hypoxic environment for 4 weeks. They stayed under the condition of 14.3-14.8% O_2 (simulating 2800～3000m) during nighttime and carried out hypoxic training under the condition of 14.8-15.4% O_2 (simulating 2500～2800m) 3 times per week at the intensity of 75% individual VO_2max. VO_2max and body weight of the subjects were measured. GeneScan method was used to identify the repeat alleles (genotypes) of CAG polymorphism. Results (1) Fifteen alleles (CAG)12,(CAG)16-28,(CAG)30 repeat alleles (genotypes) were observed in the subjects, in which (CAG)22 was the most common allele; (2) When 21 and 22 alleles were used as the cut point, the baseline of body weight in those carrying shorter genotypes was significantly lower than that in those carrying longer genotypes; (3) △VO_2max and △rVO_2max in men carrying shorter genotypes were significantly higher than that in men carrying longer genotypes after hypoxic training. Conclusion The result reveals that AR (CAG)n polymorphism is associated with the sensitivity of simulated normobaric hypoxic HiHiLo training in men of Han nationality from northern China, especially in those carrying shorter genotypes of AR CAG.

Objective To investigate the effects of chemokine CCL18 on the proliferation and invasion of a human melanoma cell line A375. Methods Human peripheral blood monocytes were isolated from healthy volunteers, cultured in vitro and divided into two groups to be induced by IL-4 for 48 hours or remain untreated. A375 cells were classified into 3 groups to be cultured with IL-4-induced monocytes, untreated monocytes or CCL18 of 200 g/L for various durations. A375 cells receiving no treatment served as the control.MTT assay was performed to detect the proliferation of A375 cells, chemotaxis test and Matrigel-transwell assay to evaluate the chemotaxis and invasion ability of A375 cells, and chicken chorioalllantoic memebrane (CAM)was used to detect the effect of CCL18 on tumor angiogenesis. Results The proliferation of A375 cells was statistically accelerated by IL-4-induced monocytes and untreated monocytes, but unaffected by CCL18.Matrigel-transwell assay revealed that IL-4-induced monocytes and CCL18 promoted the chemotaxis and invasion ability of A375 cells (all P＜0.05). Tumor angiogenesis was also increased by IL-4-induced monocytes and CCL18 (both P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The chemokine CCL18 can promote the invasion ability of A375 cells and tumor angiogenesis.