Henoch-Scholein purpura(HSP)is a common systemic vasculitis of the small vessel in children,with a variety of clinical manifestations.The main diagnostic criteria include palpable skin purpura.Patients who have gastrointestinal tract as the main symptoms suffer clinically abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding,they are easily misdiagnosed before skin purpura,the rate of misdiagnosis can be as high as 87.5%,and the main treatment is early application-oriented glucocorticoids.This review include etiopathogenisis,pathogenesis,pathology,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination and treatment about gastrointestinal manifestations in HSP.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts ; complications ; Torsion Abnormality

Objective Abnormal activation of mitogen-and stress-activated kinase (MSK1) plays an important role in the development of various cancers.This study was to explore the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated MSK1-silencing on the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and its underlying mechanism.Methods The siRNA vector targeting MSK1 was constructed and transfected into CNE2 cells, and the NPC cell line stably expressing MSK1 was established.Then the cells were divided into a blank control (without transfection of the plasmid), a negative control (with stable transfection of the negative control plasmid), and an experimental group (with stable transfection of the positive recombinant plasmid).The expressions of MSK1 mRNA and protein were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot, respectively, the proliferation of the cells determined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, the cell cycles analyzed by flow cytometry, the level of histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 examined by Western blot, and The transcriptional activity and expression of the c-jun protein measured by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and Western blot.Results Compared with the blank control, the inhibition rates of cell proliferation at 48, 72 and 96 hours were significantly reduced in the experimental group (P<0.05), and so were the colony formation ability of the cells (P<0.01) and the expression and transcriptional activity of the c-jun protein (P<0.05).In comparison with the negative control, the experimental group showed significant decreases in the rate of cell growth after 24 hours, the inhibition rates of cell proliferation at 48, 72 and 96 hours (P<0.05), the number of formed colonies ([221.00±20.08] vs [99.67±15.57] / 300 cells, P<0.01), the proportion of S-phase cells (P<0.01), and the expression of the c-jun protein in the CNE2 cells ([100.00±0.00] vs [48.77±10.71] %, P<0.05), but a remarkable increase in the percentage of G0/G1-phase cells (P<0.01).Furthermore, histone H3 phosphorylation at Ser10 was markedly reduced (P<0.01) but no significant change was observed in the expression of the total c-jun protein in the experimental group.Conclusion Knockdown of MSK1 using siRNA can significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation of CNE2 cells, which may be closely related to the decreased phosphorylation of histone H3 and subsequently down-regulated transcriptional activity of c-jun.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy) and large artery atherosclerosis (LAA).Medods The consecutive stroke patients with LAA and small artery occlusion (SAO) were enrolled.The demographics,baseline clinical data,and laboratory test results were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for LAA.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Hcy concentration and carotid plaque scores.Results A total of 117 patients with LAA and SAO were enrolled,42 were in the LAA group and 75 were in the SAO group.The plasma Hcy levels (median [interquartile range] 15.35 [12.20-20.43] μmol/Lvs.12.40 [10.40-15.00] μmoFL; Z=-2.540,P=0.011),the carotid plaque scores (6.30 ±4.11 mm vs.4.19 ±2.84 mm; t =2.952,P=0.004),and the proportion of plasma Hcy level at tertile groups of the patients (x2 =10.697,P =0.005) of the LAA plasma group were all significantly higher than those of the SAO group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the plasma Hcy concentration was in the third tertile (＞ 15.3 μmol/L),and it was an independent risk factor for LAA (odds ratio 4.739,95％ confidence interval 1.696-13.241; P =0.003).Moreover,there was a significant positive correlation between the serum Hcy concentration and the carotid plaque scores (r =0.245,P =0.008).Conclusions The plasma Hcy levels were positively correlated with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis.The Hcy ＞ 15.3 μmol/L was an independent risk factor for LAA.

Epiretinal membrane (ERM) is a relatively common macular disease that forms along the surface of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina to some reason.The pathogenesis is not clear.Microincision vitrectomy surgery has been confirmed as a minimally invasive and very safe modality of treatment.Deciding when to perform a vitrectomy can be difficult.There are many factors which can affect the postoperative visual acuity,such as age,the thickness of macular,integrity of photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction.

Objective To study the role of RICTOR on rheumatoid arthritis-fibrobast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) activation.Methods FLS were isolated from the primary synovial tissues,which were obtained during joint replacement surgery or arthroscopy from three patients with RA.RA-FLS were stimulated with TNF-α at the dose of 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml for 48 h.The expression of RICTOR was detected by western blotting.Chemically synthesized RICTOR gene targeted for double-stranded siRNAs were transfected into RA-FLS by cationic liposome.After being transfected with RICTOR siRNA for 48 h,RA-FLS was treated with or without TNF-α for 48 h.The expression of RICTOR was evaluated by western blotting,and the cell viability was analyzed by methylthiazoltetrazolium (MTT) assay.The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LDL-t test.Results The expression of RICTOR protein was significantly higher in the TNF-α stimulated group (at the dose of 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml for 48 h) than that in the control group (bothP＜0.05),while the mean change of RICTOR/GAPDH ratios of band optical density x+s was 0.35±0.06 for the control group,0.60±0.09 for the TNF 10 ng/ml group and 1.10±0.12 for the TNF 20 ng/ml group.Moreover,the expression of RICTOR protein was obviously decreased in RICTOR siRNA transfection groupthan that in control after being trans-fected for 96 h (both P＜0.05),and ratios of control group,RICTOR (-)/TNF-α(-) group and RICTOR(-)/TNF-α(+) group was 0.498 4±0.140 1,0.012 8±0.002 0,0.042 5±0.027 3respectively.After the silence of RICTOR,the cell viability decreased in RA-FLS,no matter with or without TNF-α for 48 h later (both P＜0.05).Conclusion These results indicat that RICTOR might play an important role in the TNF-α associated activation of RA-FLS.

Multi-target drugs attract increasing attentions for the therapy of complicated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, a computer-assisted strategy was applied to search for multi-target compounds by the pharmacophore matching. This strategy has been successfully used to design dual-target inhibitor models against both the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). Based on two pharmacophore models matching and physicochemical properties filtering, one hit was identified which could inhibit AChE with IC50 value of (0.337 +/- 0.052) micromol x L(-1) and PARP-1 by 24.6% at 1 micromol x L(-1).
Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Computer-Aided Design ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors

Objective To investigate the early change of MR DWI parameters of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and assess the relationship between the changes of the NAC response. Methods Patients with local advanced breast cancer diagnosed by biopsy were enrolled in the prospective study. They received DWI examination before NAC and then received DWI examination at 24 h after the first cycle of NAC. The pathological results of breast cancers were recorded after NAC finished. 14 patients (15 lesions) were enrolled in this study.The minimum ADC values of breast cancer before NAC and after the first cycle of NAC were recorded, and their change rates were calculated. Two weeks after NAC,all cases were divided into clinical complete response (cCR) and non-clinical complete response group according to clinical NAC response evaluation. Then lesions were divided into pathological complete response (pCR) and non-pathological complete response group according to pathological NAC response evaluation. Using the Paired samples t test,we analysed the change of ADC values 24 h after the first cycle of NAC. The ADC values and change rates were compared between cCR and non-cCR group using Mann-Whitney U test. The ADC values and change rates were also compared between pCR and non-pCR group using Mann-Whitney U test.Results The 15 cases were all invasive ductal carcinoma patients. According to clinical NAC response evaluation, 5 cases were cCR and 10 cases were non-cCR. According to pathological NAC response evaluation, 6 cases were pCR and 9 cases were non-pCR. Before NAC, the minimum ADC value of breast cancer was(0.78±0.15)×10-3 mm2/s. After the first cycle of NAC, the minimum ADC value of breast cancer was(0.91 ± 0.16) × 10-3 mm2/s. The minimum ADC value of breast cancer significantly increased 24 h after the first cycle of NAC (t=-2.954,P=0.010). But ADC value and its change rate were not significantly different between cCR and non-cCR groups, also between pCR and non-pCR groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Significant change in the minimum ADC value of breast cancer could be observed 24 h after the first cycle of NAC, but the change do not relate to clinical and pathological NAC response in this study.

Objective To investigate the epidemic status of endemic fluorosis in Shandong Province,Jining City,and to provide a basis for prevention and control of the disease.Methods Based on Shandong Provincial Project Technical Solutions for Endemic Fluorosis,Rencheng,Jinxiang,Yutai,Jiaxiang and Liangshan Counties in Jining were selected as monitoring sites.According to the illness situation of mild,moderate or serious districts,one village was selected as a major survey site from each county(district).There were a total of 15 such villages selected.Survey content included drinking water fluorine level; dental fluorosis of children,adults' clinical skeletal fluorosis and urinary fluorine levels; water and urinary fluoride content were determined by the method of fluoride ion selective electrode; dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by Deans method and clinical diagnosis was based on the Diagnostic Criteria of Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis (WS 192-2008).Results Sixty-one water samples from 15 villages of five counties (districts) were tested.Fluoride levels of 9 out of the 61 samples were exceeded the national standard (＞ 1.0 mg/L),and the rate was 14.75％; 1 sample ＞ 2.0 mg/L,and the maximum water fluoride was 2.25 mg/L.Seven hundred and seventeen people's real time urinary fluoride was detected in the 15 villages,including 420 children and 297 adults,and the geometric mean were 1.53 and 1.69 mg/L,respectively.Clinical examination of 755 children aged 8 to 12 showed that the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 26.89％ (203/755); defect rate was 9.12％(29/755) and dental fluorosis index weres 0.65.The detection rate of clinical skeletal fluorosis of 11 565 adults was 4.76％(550/11 565),including 303 moderate or serious cases.Conclusions The situation of excessive water fluorine in outside environment in Jining City has been controlled at a certain degree; groups urinary fluoride level is closed to the normal upper limit; the prevalence of dental fluorosis or skeletal fluorosis has been suppressed at a certain degree,therefore,the results of control should be further consolidated and expanded,in order to completely eliminate the fluoride hazard.

Objective To investigate the value of strain rate imaging(SRI) in estimating the changes of left ventricular regional myocardial function in patients with coronary artery disease before and after coronary artery bypass grafting operation. Methods In sixteen patients with coronary artery disease, echoeardiography was performed 3 days before, 12 days after and 3 months after coronary artery bypass grafting operation respectively. SRI was used to quantitatively analyze the regional myocardial function of left ventricular wall. One hundred and ninety-two segments of left ventricular myocardium were analyzed in the study. The left ventricular myocardium was divided into segments with normal(152 segments) and abnormal(40 segments) wall motion according to two-dimensional echocardiography before the operation. Results Peak strain rate during systolic and early diastolic contraction (SRs, SRe) was not statistically significant between segments with normal and abnormal wall motion before operation. In segments with abnormal wall motion,myocardial peak strain rate of atrial contraction (SRa) was increased three months after operation comparing with three days before operation (P<0.05). In segments with normal wall motion,the absolute values of SRs,SRa and SRe were increased three months after operation comparing with three days before operation (P<0.05 and 0.01 ). SRs was increased three months after operation comparing with 12 days after operation (P<0.05 ). Conclusions SRI can be used to evaluate the functional changes of left ventricular regional myocardium quantitatively after coronary artery bypass grafting operation.