This paper introduces a kind of bone mineral density(BMD) measuring system with quantitative CT(QCT). This system includs a self-made solid calibration phantom for BMD and the measuring software. The results of the tests have showed that this system is reliable,cheap and ease of use for BMD measurement.

AIM: To investigate the effects of in situ transplantation of mobilized autologous bone marrow stem cells on infarction size and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:25 patients with first acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into stem cells in situ transplantation group and control group, 12 patients in stem cells in situ transplantation group were injected subcutaneously with 300 ?g granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) daily for four days in addition to standard therapy. 13 patients in control group were treated with standard therapy alone. The conventional 12 leads electrocardiogram were recorded on 1, 28 days after admission and the cardiac function was scored by the QRS scoring system proposed by Wagner. Furthermore, the infarction size was assessed by radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging 7, 28 days after admission. RESULTS:4 weeks after admission, the QRS scores decreased, the infarction size reduced significantly in the stem cells in situ transplantation group (from 36.0%?8.3% to 18.0%?5.8%, P

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution and drainage of lymphatic vessels of tongue, and to provide anatomical evidence for treatment of tongue cancer.

METHODSIndirect lymphatic injection was employed, combined with clearing method with winter green oil and corrosive cast technique, to study the distribution of lymphatic vessels of tongue. Anatomical methods were used to detect the sentinel lymph nodes in different region of tongue.

RESULTSThe lymphatic vessels of dorsal mucosa composed of lymphocapillary vessels and anstomosing side branches were present by superficial and deep capillary networks. The distribution of lymphatic networks extend from tip to base and from one board to another, and was not influenced by the sulcus tenninalis and median lingual sulcus. Lymphatic vessels in the muscular portion communicated with lymphocapillary network of dorsal and ventral mucosa, which made the lymphatic vessels of tongue to be an integrity network structure. These characters of distribution influenced the lymphatic drainage of tongue. The results showed principal sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) for anterior part of tongue were submental lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes and juguloomohyoid lymph nodes, for lateral part and middle part of tongue were submandibular lymph nodes, jugulodigastric lymph nodes and thyroid lymph nodes, and for root part of tongue were jugulodigastric lymph nodes. SLNs for every injection region were all presented at bilatral neck, but the frequency of stained SLNs at homolateral neck was more than that at contralateral neck.

CONCLUSIONThe lymphatic vessels of tongue arranged like a network, which made the lymphatic drainage at various ways and made the distribution of sentinel lymph nodes to be bilateral and dispersive.

Drainage ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Neck ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Tongue ; Tongue Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo analyze the efficiency of cervical lymph node metastasis dissection and postoperative morbidity after selective three-field lymph node dissection (3FLND) for thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and explore the proper selection conditions.

METHODSAccording to the conditions as follows: systemic evaluation, tumor T staging, tumor location, cervical CT and ultrasonography and the number of lymph nodes metastases, 85 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were selected and received 3FLND.

RESULTSIn the same period 45.5% (85/187) of the patients received 3FLND selectively based on the conditions. The rate of the cervical lymph nodes metastasis was 40.0% (34/85). The rate of the cervical positive lymph nodes of the upper, middle and lower thoracic esophageal carcinomas with enlarged lymph nodes suggested by cervical CT and ultrasonography was 68.4% (13/19), 41.7% (20/48) and 16.7% (1/6), respectively. Twelve patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma with enlarged lymph nodes unrevealed by cervical CT and ultrasonography showed no histopathological lymph node metastasis. In the same period 17.1% (32/187) of the patients were selectively not undergone three-field lymph node dissection. The cervical lymph node metastasis rates in patients with upper and middle mediastinal lymph node metastasis were 79.3% (23/29) and 58.6% (17/29), significantly higher than 8.9% (5/56) and 7.1% (4/56) in the patients without upper and middle mediastinal lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). There was no in-hospital mortality in the group. The incidence of pulmonary complications and over-all postoperative morbidity was 24.7% and 42.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSSelective 3FLND based on certain conditions can reduce the risk of postoperative morbidity and improve the efficiency of metastatic cervical lymph node dissection in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The thoracic tracheoesophageal groove positve lymph node indicated by CT scans should be one of selective conditions for 3FLND. The upper thoracic esophageal carcinoma should selectively receive 3FLND. The selection standards should be more strict for the lower thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the state of drinking water defluorination project in Dagang district and study urinary fluoride levels and detect dental fluorosis of children aged 8 to 12, and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of fluorosis. Methods Five defluorination projects in rural streets (towns) with highfluoride water and 2 urban water supply projects were choosen to investigate the running status in Dagang district Tianjin in 2009. Five rural and 2 urban schools were choosen to select 100 children aged 8 to 12 (for gender, age matched) in each primary school to study urinary fluoride levels and detection of dental fluorosis. Results A total of 66 defluorination projects in 73 villages were surveyed, among which 61 projects actually worked normally with using rate 92.4%(61/66). Water qualification of all projects could not be ensured due to direct project managers'lack of necessary expertise. In 2009, water qualification rate were 39.3%(24/61 )among the project normally used,with highlighted problem of biological pollution. A total of 490 children aged 8 - 12 in 5 rural towns were surveyed,dental fluorosis rate were 90%(441/490), and dental fluorosis index were 1.82. A total of 207 children aged 8 - 12in 2 urban areas were surveyed, the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 49.8%(103/207), and dental fluorosis index were 0.86. The urinary fluoride level of 230 children aged 8 - 12 in the 5 villages were surveyed. The Range of geometric mean of urinary fluoride were 1.82 - 2.70 mg/L. The urinary fluoride of 102 children aged 8 - 12 in the 2 urban area were surveyed. The Range of geometric mean of urinary fluoride were 1.53 - 1.72 mg/L. Conclusions There was phenomenon of high coverage, low utilization rate and less water consumption in the villages of Dagang district, Tianjin drinking water defluoridation projects, thus the health effects of the projects was minimum.Significant health effects is found in the defluorination projects in the urban areas with high coverage and high utilization rate. Studying new water improvment methods and new forms of water supply system is urgent for solving the problems met in the ineffective water defluorination project.

Abstract: Objective　To investigate the drug demand and related influencing factors of AIDS non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific basis for the development of subsequent intervention policies for MSM. Methods　With the assistance of social organizations in Wuhan, MSM was recruited by the snowball method to carry out an online questionnaire survey to collect information on demographics, AIDS-related knowledge, high-risk behaviors, and the need for nPEP medication. The χ2 test and unconditional Logistic regression were used to analyze the related factors of the demand for nPEP medication. Results　A total of 308 valid subjects were included in this study, with predominantly 18-29 years old (78.57%, 242/308). The self-reported sexual orientation was mainly homosexuality (82.47%, 254/308), and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge was high (89.29%, 275/308). Among the survey respondents, 35.06% (108/308) did not know the situation of HIV infection among MSM population in Wuhan; 55.19% (170/308) had two or more same-sex sexual partners in the last six months; 90.91% (280/308) had heard of nPEP before participating in this survey. After passing nPEP and informing the protective effect of nPEP, 59.42% (183/308) of them needed nPEP. After HIV exposure, 73.38% (226/308) were willing to spend money to buy nPEP drugs, and 88.64% (273/308) were willing to take nPEP drugs because of the known side effects. Logistic regression analysis showed that in the last six months, the needs for taking nPEP medication in those who had 2 or more same-sex sexual partners (OR=2.121, 95%CI: 1.329-3.386) and who had received peer education (OR=1.740, 95%CI: 1.088-2.781) were higher than those of those who had a same-sex sexual partner in the last six months and who had not received peer education. Conclusions　The MSM population in Wuhan has a great demand for nPEP drugs, and peer education is an important way to carry out nPEP publicity and promotion. At the same time, we should continue to strengthen warning publicity and education and behavioral intervention to reduce MSM risky sexual behaviors and reduce new HIV infections.

Objective To observe the effects of static pressure on the number of cultured retinal M?ller glial cells(RMGC)and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and heat shock protein(HSP)70 by these cells.Design Experimental study. Participants Cultured rat RMGC.Methods Rat RMGCs were cultured and identified according to previous method described by Reichenbach.These cells were treated with different static pressures and divided into 4 groups:A(1.33kPa),B(2.67kPa),C(5.33kPa)and D(10.67 kPa)while the cells without treatment was as control group(NC).The morphologies of RMGC in these groups were observed under inverted phased contrast microscope,the number of RMGC counted with conservative method and the viability were studied with trypan blue staining.The expressions of GFAP and HSP70 in RMGCs were detected with the method of western blot.Main Outcome Measures The morphologies of RMGC,cell number,cell viability.Results There were pressure-dependent changes of RMGC number. The cell number of group C and D was less than that of group NC,A and B(P＜0.01).High static pressure resulted directly in the decreased ratio of unstained RMGCs(P＜0.01).The ratio of unstained RMGCs in group C and D was less than that in group NC,A and B(P＜0.01).Many cells in group C and D were injured and the higher the pressure elevated,the more the degree of injury became.The expressions of GFAP and HSP70 in group NC were less than other pressure treated groups and the expression of GFAP in group C and D was higher than that in group A and B.There was no obvious difference between these pressure treated groups.Conclusions High static pressure could cause the injuries of RMGCs.The increased expression of GFAP and HSP70 in RMGC might be regarded as a sign of retinal injury response to high intraocular pressure.

OBJECTIVETo explore the methods of surgical treatment and preservation of laryngeal function in senile patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma.

METHODSA retrospective data review of 87 advanced laryngeal carcinoma patients aged over 65 years was carried out. Of these 87 patients treated by different modes of surgery, 48 had supraglottic cancer, 35 glottic cancer and 4 subglottic cancer. The surgery modes consisted of major partial laryngectomy in 36 patients, subtotal partial laryngectomy with laryngoplasty in 21 and total laryngectomy in 30. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy to a dose of 50-60 Gy. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival.

RESULTSThe overall 3- and 5-year survival rate was 73.2% and 67.4%, respectively. The ultimate rate of larynx preservation was 65.5%. Of 57 patients with partial laryngectomy, 46 were decannulated with a decannulation rate of 80.7%. Yet, in all patients, the nasal feeding tube was removed and food intake per os was resumed. All patients who underwent partial laryngectomy regained their phonation function.

CONCLUSIONIt is safe and effective to treat and preserve laryngeal function surgically in the senile patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma. The key points to achieve this are selection of proper patient, renovation of surgical procedure and improvement of surgical skill.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Laryngectomy ; methods ; Larynx ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Neck Dissection ; methods ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Period ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To study the risk factors related with progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI)after severe head injury for a view to early diagnosis and treatment for this disease and providing a basis for effective prevention. Methods In a retrospective study of 262 patients with severe brain injury in considering the clinical data of the PHI, the occurrence is variable, and age, gender, bleeding site, type of bleeding, dilated pupils starus, level of systolic blood pressure on admission, time of CT for the first time,GOS scores, injured mechanism, interval between first and second time CT, application of high-dose mannitol, platelet (PLT) count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) were considered as independent variables. Results The incidence rate of having PHI was 47.7% (125/262);single-factor analysis revealed that, as compared with those in patients with non-PHI, 7 factors in patients with PHI were significantly different, namely, age, type of hemorrhage, interval between injury and first-time CT, GCS scores, PLT count, PT and APTT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the results showed that interval between injury and first-time CT, GCS scores, PLT count were the risk factors of having PHI, and their OR values were 3.5448, 3.2975 and 2.2361, respectively. Conclusion For patients with severe brain injury, the sooner the first time CT examination is performed, the lower the GCS scores are and the lower the PLT count is, the higher risk of having PHI is. Thus, dynamic CT formal review is suggested to improve the early diagnosis and treatment of PHI.