Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of vitrectomy with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) at different injection time for proliferative diabeticretinopathy (PDR).Methods This was a prospective,comparative,and randomized study.Ninety-seven eyes of 97 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to three different treatment groups:30 eyes (30 patients) in the preoperative IVR group,32 eyes (32 patients) in the intraoperative IVR group and 35 eyes (35 patients) in the no IVR injection group.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (F=0.18) and the grading of vitreous hemorrhage (x2 =1.39) before surgery did not differ significantly among the 3 groups,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).All eyes enrolled underwent conventional 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).The preoperative IVR group received intravitreal 0.5 mg/0.05 ml ranibizumab injection 3 to 7 days before PPV,intraoperative IVR group received intravitreal 0.5 mg/0.05 ml ranibizumab injection at the end of PPV and non-drug injection group received PPV only.Postoperative BCVA,fundus color photography,optical coherence tomography examination was performed in all eyes at 1 week and 1,3,6,9,12 months after surgery.Early RVH was defined as RVH occurred within 1 week to 1 month postoperatively;while late RVH was defined as RVH occurred 1 month later after the operation.Results The mean BCVA were all improved among the 3 groups compared with the preoperative vision at 1 month after operation.At the beginning of 3 months after surgery,the average BCVA of the preoperative injection group and the intraoperative injection group tended to stable;while 3 eyes in the non-drug injection group began to decreased.There was no significant difference in average BCVA at 1,3 and 12 months of follow-up periods among the 3 groups (F=1.42,1.17,0.26;P＞0.05).The incidences of early RVH were 16.7％,9.4％,28.6％ in the preoperative injection group,intraoperative injection group,and non-drug injection group,respectively (x2 =5.12,P＜0.05).The incidence of early RVH in the intraoperative injection group reduced compared to preoperative injection group and non-drug injection group (x2 =4.04,4.93;P＜0.05).The incidences of late RVH were 13.3％,9.4％,14.3％ in preoperative injection group,intraoperative injection group,and non-drug injection group,respectively (x2 =0.47,P＞0.05).The average centeral foveal thickness (CFT) decreased among the 3 groups in different degrees at 1 month when compared with that of 1 week after operation and the decreasing was statistically significant (F=59.50,P＜0.05).A subgroup pairwise analysis showed no significant difference of decreasing CFT in preoperative injection group compared with that of intraoperative injection group (t=0.23,P＞0.05).The average CFT of the 3 groups had different degrees of thickening at 3,6,9,12 months after surgery,and the increasingof CFT among the 3 groups were not differ significantly (F=2.92,2.86,3.07,3.12;P＞0.05).Conclusions The adjunctive use of IVR can reduce the incidence of early postoperative RVH in vitrectomy for PDR,decrease in macular thickness and obtain favorable visual recovery.The effect of preoperative IVR injection was slightly better than that of the intraoperative IVR injection.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Ear Neoplasms ; Ear, Middle ; pathology ; Female ; Humans

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of anthraquinones including rhein, emodin and chrysophanol in xinshenyan capsules. Methods Anthraquinones were determined by HPLC with Phenomenex-C18 column (250 mm×4. 6 mm, 5 μm) as the chromatographic column and methanol-1% acetic acid (70:30) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1. 0 mL·min-1 and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. Results The liner range of rhein, emodin and chrysophanol was 4. 96-24. 80 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999 6), 6. 58-32. 91 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999 9) ,and 15. 11-75. 55 μg·mL-1 (r=0. 999 9),respectively, and the average recovery was 100. 78%, 98. 13% and 99. 29%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple and practical, the result is accurate and reliable and it can be used to determine the contents of rhein, emodin and chrysophanol in xinshenyan capsules.

Objective To observe the effect of core stability training combined with eye acupuncture on motor function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke.Methods Eighty patients with hemiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group (40 cases in each).Both groups were given regular rehabilitation training, but the patients in the treatment group also were taught core stability training of their waist and abdominal muscle groups, their shoulder muscles, trunk and pelvis.They were also given eye acupuncture.A trunk control test (TCT) , Berg's balance scale (BBS), the modified Barthel index (MBI), functional ambulation categories (FACs) and the Fugl Meyer assessment scale (FMA) were used to assess motor function before and after treatment.Results At the end of 6 weeks of treatment, all of the measurements in both groups had significantly improved.The average TCT, BBS, MBI, FMA, and FAC scores of the treatment group significantly exceeded those of the control group.Conclusions Core stability training and eye acupuncture together can significantly improve the motor function of hemiplegic stroke survivors.The combination therapy is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To explore the molecular mechanisms of primary amenorrhea by using arrayCGH technology. Methods Ten patients with primary amenorrhea and 10 female volunteers with regular menstrual cycles as healthy controls were selected. All patients and control samples were analyzed by conventional chromosome analysis (G-banding technology) and array-CGH technology, respectively. ArrayCGH was performed using Affymetrix Cytogenetic 2. 7M arrays following the manufacturer's standard protocol. Results Both the patient group and control group analyzed by conventional G-banding karyotype technology showed a negative result with a normal female karyotype: 46, XX. The result of array-CGH analysis demonstrated a microdeletion of approximately 110 000 bp located at the end of the short arm of X chromosome [46, X, del (X) (p22. 33 )] were identified in 5 patients, which was not detected in the control group. All healthy control samples by array-CGH analysis showed no pathological DNA copy number variation. Conclusions Array-CGH technology can improve the diagnosis rate of chromosomal disease at the DNA level. It is necessary to provide array-CGH for higher resolution genetic analysis of idiopathic primary amenorrhea patient who can not be identified by conventional technology.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic vector which contains avian H5N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) antigen and the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and to investigate its expression in COS7 cells,and the ability to induce specific immune responses in vivo in different periods.Methods After cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR),CTB and HA genes were digested with BamH Ⅰ and connected into CTB-HA gene with T4 ligase.The connected gene was referred to as CH.After double digestion,CH gene was inserted into a eukaryotic recombinant plasmid pCI-neo.The pCI-CH plasmid was then transfected into COS7 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expression of HA antigen.After New Zealand white rabbits were immunized,the titer of HA antigen-specific antibody in serum and its specificity with other strains such as H1N1,H9N1,H3N2 and influenza B virus were determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results The pCI-CH vector (DNA vaccine) was successfully constructed,which could be efficiently expressed in COS7 cells and induce specific antibodies against pCI-CH in rabbits.Cross reactions indicated that DNA vaccine pCI-CH specific antisera could not only react with H5N1 strain (P/N＞2.1),but also H1N1,H9N1 and H3N2 strains,but did not cross react with influenza B virus.Conclusion The newly constructed avian H5N1 influenza virus nucleic acid vaccine has good immunogenicity.

AIM: To investigate the effect of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) on the apoptosis of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expression of microRNA-26a (miR-26a) in vitro, and to explore the mechanisms of NSC apoptosis in-duced by CoCl 2 .METHODS:NSCs were exposed to CoCl 2 at different doses (200~600μmol/L) for 24 h.The cell via-bility and apoptosis were measured by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL method.The expression of miR-26a-3p, miR-26a-5p, GSK-3β, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax was examined by real-time PCR.The protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blotting .RESULTS: The cell viability was inhibited and the apoptosis of NSCs was increased significantly by CoCl2 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05).CoCl2 at concentration of 400μmol/L for 24 h was used to induce apopto-sis and the expression of miR-26a was down-regulated compared with control (P<0.05).Exposure to CoCl2 at concentra-tion of 400μmol/L up-regulated the expression of GSK-3β, caspase-3 and Bax , down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2/Bax (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:CoCl2 at concentration of 400μmol/L induces the apoptosis of NSCs obviously . CoCl2 may induce the NSC apoptosis by mitochondrial apoptotic pathway .Declining miR-26a may be related to NSC apopto-sis.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of targeted population in the high-risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in Chongqing, so as to provide scientific evidence for establishing prevention and remedial measures. Methods Six towns were selected in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties to found suspected dementia patients born after first Jan, 1997. Two hundred children aged 8-10 years were investigated in every town. The thyroid volume, intelligence quotient(IQ) and urinary iodine of the children were examined. Forty women (pregnant and nursing women) were investigated in every town. The iodine content of salt from their home was measured. The thyroid volume was examined by palpation and B-uhrasound. IQ was measured by combined Raven Test in China(CRT-RC2). Urinary iodine was determined using the acid digest arsenic-cerium contacting method, and iodined salt was detected using direct titration method. Results Six suspected dementia patients were found in the local town hospital. Five eases were excluded. There was 1 case born in other place. The rates of goiter by palpation and B-ultrasound were 9.58%(92/960) and 8.89%(65/731), respectively. The median of urinary iodine of children and women was 319.15 μg/L and 248.42 μg/L, respectively. The mean of IQ of the children was 103.32. The coverage rate of iodine salt from residents was 98.82%(336/340). Conclusions The iodine nutrition of children was good and there is no newly occurred cretinism in Chengkou and Wuxi Counties. Goiter rate and median of urinary iodine aged 8-10 years and of women, coverage rate of iodine salt from resident has meet the standard set for basical elimination iodine deficiency disorders.

Objective To undemtand the rhythm of urinary iodine level of children aged 8-10 in Chongqing city.Methods In April 2008,using the stratified random sampling method,we sampled 60 children aged 8-10 in a lodging primary school in Chongqing(20 per age group,half male and half female),the urine samples were collected in the morning and at 10:00,12:30,16:00,iodine in urine was detected by method of Ce and arsenic catalytic speetrophotometry(WS/T 107-2006).The difference of the urinary iodine level was compared by age,sex and time of day.Results The median urinary iodine of 60 children was 265.07μg/L on the overall.Irrespective of the stratification factors,excluding morning urinary iodine(366.75μg/L)and urinary iodine at 10:00(338.30 μg/L),the urinary iodine between 12:30(235.15μg/L)and 16:00(251.50μg/L)was not significant(all P>0.05),statistically significant differences(all P<0.05)were found between any two.The urinary iodine of 8-year-old group at different times of the day was significantly different(all P<0.05),except between morning urinary iodine (298.90 μg/L)and at 10:00,16:00(279.00,286.59 μg/L),between urinary iodine at 10:00 and 16:00(all P>0.05).The 9-year-old group's urinary iodine were not significantly different between morning urine(366.15μg/L)and 10:00(368.10 μg/L),and between 12:30(244.00 μg/L)and 16:00(186.30 μg/L,all P>0.05),significant differences were faund at other times of the day(all P<0.05).The 10-year-old group of urinary iodine changed very little before 12:30 (382.85,449.60,337.00 μg/L, all P > 0.05 ), followed by rapid decline to 16: 00 (269.35 μg/L), and compared with the morning urine and 10:00, there was significant difference(all P < 0.05).Regardless boys or girls, the urinary iodine at different times qf the day was significantly different (all P < 0.05),except between morning urinary iodine(337.32,309.28 μg/L) and at 10:00(316.15,288.27 μg/L), between urinary iodine at 12:30(251.18,211.45 μg/L) and 16:00(235.02,211.45 μg/L, all P > 0.05). Conclusions The change of urinary iodine level in children aged 8 - 10 was not obvious before noon, changes can be seen in the afternoon.Urinary iodine level before 10:00 is indicative.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) in rapid prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies. Methods Twenty-two short tandem repeats (STR) and AMXY located on chromosome 13,18,21,X and Y were used as markers to examine 1740 samples from high risk pregnant women in Down syndrome screening and advanced maternal age(≥35 yrs) by QF-PCR.Samples were also tested by karyotype analysis and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Karyotype analysis and QF-PCR results were successfully obtained from 1690 samples. All QF-PCR reports were obtained within 48 hours after sample collection.For 1639 samples,normal results were obtained by both karyotype analysis and QF-PCR.Among 51 samples that were found abnormal by karyotype analysis,41 were abnormal in QF-PCR.The rapid tests found all numerical abnormalities involving chromosome 21,18,13,X and Y in prenatal diagnosis,including trisomy 21 (n =30),trisomy 18 (n =6),45,XO (n =1 ),47,XYY (n=1),47,XXX (n=1),69,XXX (n=1) and mosaic 47,XXY[94]/46,XX[6] (n=1)(47,XXY in QF-PCR).No false positive results were found.The results obtained by QF-PCR were consistent with those of cytogenetic studies in 99.4％ of the samples (1680/1690).Only ten cases of mosain and structural abnormality could not be found (0.6％,10/1690) by QF-PCR. Conclusions Rapid QF-PCR test might diagnose all aneuploidies involving chromosome 21,18,13,X and Y.It could provide rapid and accurate diagnosis for 99.4％ pregnant women with positive Down syndrome screening and advanced maternal age.