AIMTo explore the role of histaminergic receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the responses of carotid baroreflex (CBR) performance to the intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of histamine (HA).

METHODSThe left and right carotid sinus regions were isolated from the systemic circulation in 18 Wistar rats anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The intracarotid sinus pressure (ISP) was altered in a stepwise manner. ISP-mean arterial pressure (MAP) relationship curve and its characteristic parameters were constructed by fitting to the logistic function with five parameters. We observed the changes in CBR performance induced by ICV HA and the effects of pretreatment with HA receptors antagonists into the NTS on the responses of CBR to HA.

RESULTSICV injection of HA (100 ng) significantly shifted the ISP-MAP relationship curve upwards and moved the middle part of ISP Gain relationship curve downwards, and reduced the MAP range and maximum gain (Gmax), but increased the threshold pressure (TP), saturation pressure(SP) and ISP at Gmax (ISP(Gmax)). The pretreatment with H1 or H2 receptors antagonist, chlorpheniramine (CHL, 0.5 microg) or cimetidine (CIM, 1.5 microg) into the NTS, could obviously diminish the above-mentioned changes in CBR performance induced by HA, but the effect of CIM was less remarkable than that of CHL.

CONCLUSIONThe intracerebroventricular administration of HA results in a rapid resetting of CBR and a decrease in reflex sensitivity, and the histaminergic receptors in the NTS (H1 and H2 receptors), especially H1 receptors might play an important role in the responses of CBR to HA, and furthermore, the effects of the central HA on CBR might be related to a histaminergic descending pathway from the hypothalamus to NTS.

Animals ; Baroreflex ; drug effects ; Carotid Sinus ; drug effects ; Cerebral Ventricles ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Histamine ; metabolism ; Solitary Nucleus ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate toxicokinetic parameters impacted by hemoperfusion after oral chlorpyrifos exposure, to investigate the adsorption effect of hemoperhusion for chlorpyrifos poisoning.

METHODS12 rabbits were divided into two groups after oral exposure with chlorpyrifos 300 mg/kg body weight. Control group: without hemoperfusion; hemoperfusion group: hemoperfusion starts 0.5 h after chlorpyrifos exposure and lasts for 2h. Blood samples were collected at different times, concentrations of chlorpyrifos were tested by GC, then, toxicokinetic parameterswere calculated and analysis by DAS3.0.

RESULTSIn hemoperfusion group, peak time was (7.19±3.74) h, peak concentrations was (1.37±0.56) mg/L, clearance rate was (13.93±10.27) L/h/kg, apparent volume of distribution was (418.18±147.15) L/kg The difference of these parameter were statistically significant compared with control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHmoperfusion will decrease the inner exposure and load dose of rabbits with chlorpyrifos poisoning.

Animals ; Chlorpyrifos ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Hemoperfusion ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Rabbits ; Toxicokinetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlations of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) with the clinicopathological characteristics, prognostic events, and survival outcomes in esophageal cancer (EC) patients.

METHODSThe PubMed, Web of Science, Embase database and Cochrane database were searched for studies reporting the outcomes of interest. The studies were selected according to established inclusion/exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of the studies was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata12.0 software with the odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR) , hazard ratio (HR) , and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) as the effect indexes.

RESULTSNineteen studies involving a total of 1766 patients were included in the analysis. Significant correlations of CTCs and DTCs were found with the clinicopathological parameters including the tumor stage (OR=1.95), depth of invasion (OR=1.99), lymph node metastasis (OR=2.44), distal metastasis (OR=5.98), histological differentiation (OR=1.67) and lymphovascular invasion (OR=4.48). CTCs and DTCs were also correlated with the prognostic events including relapse (RR=6.86) and metastasis (RR=3.22) and with the survival outcomes including the overall survival (OS) overall analysis (HR=3.46) and disease-free survival/progression-free survival (DFS/PFS) overall analysis (HR=3.00).

CONCLUSIONCTCs and DTCs are significantly associated with an advanced tumor stage, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis before therapy, differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, relapse and metastasis in patients with EC. They are also significantly correlated with a poorer survival for OS and DFS/PFS to serve as clinical and prognostic predictors in patients with EC.

Disease-Free Survival ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Odds Ratio ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Survival Analysis

Extra-nodal malignant lymphoma is often characterized by a lack of typical symptoms and positive results of auxiliary examinations, which make diagnosis difficult. In some cases, fever can be the only clinical manifestation. For the lymphoma patients presenting with persistent fever with a duration over 3 weeks, characteristics of fever including time of fever attack, fever type and effects of drugs may have significant value in the diagnosis, especially in the early stage of the disease or in rare cases.
Fever of Unknown Origin ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; diagnosis ; Muscles ; pathology

Adult ; Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; mortality ; Survival Analysis ; Tuberculosis ; complications ; mortality

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Tuberculosis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the mechanisms of up regulated expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (CPLA2) induced by one lung ventilation (OLV) by investigating the interactions between nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and C-PLA2.

METHODSForty-eight healthy Japanese white rabbits were randomized into control group, solvent treatment group (group S), NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC)/solvent treatment group ( group PS), C-PLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3)/solvent treatment group (group AS), OLV group (group O), solvent treatment plus OLV group (SO group), NFκB inhibitor (PDTC)/solvent treatment plus OLV group (group PSO) and CPLA2 inhibitor (AACOCF3)/solvent treatment plus OLV group (group ASO). ELISA was used to detect arachidonic acid (AA) content in the lung tissues, and NFκB and CPLA2 expressions were detected by Western blotting and quantitative PCR. Lung injuries were assessed based on the lung histological score, and the polymorphonuclear leukocyte count in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, myeloperoxidase (MPO) content in the lung tissues, and lung wet/dry weight (W/D) raito were determined.

RESULTSTreatment of the rabbits with the solvent did not produce any adverse effects. OLV caused obvious lung injury in the rabbits and up regulated the expressions of CPLA2 and NFκB in the lung tissues (P<0.05). In rabbits without OLV, treatment with AACOCF3 or PDTC significantly down regulated both CPLA2 and NFκB expressions without affecting the other parameters. In rabbits with OLV, treatment with AACOCF3 or PDTC obviously lowered CPLA2 and NFκB expressions and lessened the OLV-induced lung injuries.

CONCLUSIONBoth C-PLA2 and NF-κB play important roles and show interactions in OLV-induced lung injury in rabbits.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of negative charge aerosol (NCA) on the treatment of burn wound.

METHODSPatients with superficial or deep partial thickness burn only were enrolled in the study, and they were randomly divided into trial group (T, including 180 cases of superficial thickness burn and 100 cases of deep partial thickness burn), control group (C, including 30 cases with superficial thickness burn and 30 with deep partial thickness burn), and self control group (SC, including 10 cases with superficial thickness burn and 10 with deep partial thickness burn). The patients in T and SC groups were treated with NCA for 1.5 hours, 1-2 times a day, from 6 postburn hour (PBH) to 2 postburn day (PBD), while those in C group received conventional treatment. For those in SC group, some of the wounds were covered with sterile schissel, while other wounds without schissel covering. The general changes in the wounds during NCA treatment were observed, and bacterial culture before and after NCA treatment was performed. The healing time was recorded and the blood biochemical parameters were determined. Rat model with deep partial thickness scald was established, and the rats were also divided into T and C groups, and received treatment as in human. Tissue samples were harvested from the wounds of rats in the 2 groups before and 1, 2, 3 weeks after treatment for pathological examination.

RESULTSThere was no infection and little exudation in the patients in T group. No bacteria were found in the wound before and after NCA treatment. The healing time of the wounds of patients with superficial and deep partial thickness burn in T group was 6.3 +/- 1.6 d and 15.1 +/- 3.1 d, respectively, which was obviously shorter than those in C group (11.3 +/- 1.4 d and 21.2 +/- 1.4 d, P < 0.01). In SC group, the healing time of those with sterile schissel coverage was also significantly shorter than those without covering (P < 0.01). There was no obvious change in the liver and kidney functions and blood biochemical parameters among the patients. Pathological examination showed that the skin structure was almost recovered in the rats in T group 3 weeks after treatment, while those in C group was not.

CONCLUSIONNegative charge aerosol is safe and effective in promoting wound healing of the patients with partial thickness burns.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aerosol Propellants ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Burns ; pathology ; therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Wound Healing ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the technique of the suprameatal approach for cochlear implantation in Chinese profound sensory hearing loss children.

METHODSSuprameatal approach for cochlear implantation were used in 50 cases (total 53 ears) with profound sensory hearing loss from May 2005 to January 2007. The electrode was passed through the suprameatal tunnel and went between the incus and chorda tympani into the scala tympani.

RESULTSElectrodes were completely inserted in 51 ears. There were no postoperative complications in all cases. Although the long effect need to be observed, all cases received better hearing and speech development benefit from cochlear implantation in the follow-up period. Among the 50 cases, 26 had speech perception in the open condition; 18 patients could speak short sentences although not clearly; and 6 patients learned to speak individual words only.

CONCLUSIONSThe suprameatal approach was found to be a simple and safe technique that does not need mastoidectomy and avoid endangering the facial nerve and the chorda tympani. It enables wide exposure of middle ear and is especially suitable for cases with narrow facial recess or anteriorly located facial nerve.

Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlear Implantation ; methods ; Ear ; surgery ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male