A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

Animals ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Wound Healing

Henoch-Scholein purpura(HSP)is a common systemic vasculitis of the small vessel in children,with a variety of clinical manifestations.The main diagnostic criteria include palpable skin purpura.Patients who have gastrointestinal tract as the main symptoms suffer clinically abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleeding,they are easily misdiagnosed before skin purpura,the rate of misdiagnosis can be as high as 87.5%,and the main treatment is early application-oriented glucocorticoids.This review include etiopathogenisis,pathogenesis,pathology,clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination and treatment about gastrointestinal manifestations in HSP.

Objective To study the risk factors in elderly moderate-severe thermal burn patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods Forty-two elderly moderate-severe thermal burn patients with AIS served as an observation group and 47 elderly moderate-severe thermal burn patients without AIS served as a control group in this study.Risk factors in thermal burn patients with AIS were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis respectively.Results The number of neutrophils and platelets,hematocrit,serum levels of fibrinogen,thromboxane A2,creatinine,procalcitonin,C-reactive protein,TNF-α and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly higher while the systolic blood pressure (SBP) on admission was significantly lower in observation group than in control group (P＜0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that SBP on admission,serum levels of fibrinogen,thromboxane A2,TNF-α and IL-6 were the independent risk factors in elderly moderate-severe thermal burn patients with AIS (OR =1.106,95％CI:1.007-1.501,P=0.007;OR=3.316,95 ％ CI:1.251-8.792,P=0.016;OR=1.077,95％CI:1.003-1.156,P=0.041;OR=2.901,95％CI:1.109-2.799,P=0.013;OR=1.502,95％CI:1.581-2.031,P=0.021).Conclusion SBP on admission,serum levels of fibrinogen,thromboxane A2,TNF-α and IL-6 are the independent risk factors in elderly moderate-severe thermal burn patients with AIS.

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Cysts ; complications ; Torsion Abnormality

Objective To observe the changes of MEP(motor evoked pontential) and neurologic function after Erigeron beviscapus(EBHM) preconditioning on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits, and provide substructural experimental theory.Methods Twenty-four domestic rabbits were randomly divided into four groups with six rabbits each. In sham group (group A) only the abdominal aorta was exposed. In the blank group (group B), the abdominal aorta was occluded 40 minute followed by reperfusion. In the methylprednisolone group (group C), it was occluded 30 minute before the abdominal, methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) was injected into the rabbit by vein, which was used for two days after the surgeon. In the EBHM group (group D), EBHM(50 mg/kg) was injected into the rabbit by vein, the following procedure was the same as group C. MEP was measured in each observed point and neurologic function was observed everyday for 7days.Results At every observed point after SCI, the MEP changed regularly, and compared with group B, there was significant difference in groups C and D(P<0.05). 7 days later, the neurologic function changed significantly in each group(P<0.05).Conclusion MEP monitoring can reflect the early change on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. EBHM preconditioning can protect the rabbit from spinal cord ischemia reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the preoperative management and the clinical effeciency of Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty in adult patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia.Methods Clinical data of 86 patients with inguinal incarcerated hernia were analyzed retrospectively.Hernia was repaired with Lichtenstein tension free after reposition.Results There were 59 male patients and 27 female patients with median age of (63 ± 18) years.There were 8 patients with liver cirrhosis.The operation was performed successfully in all patients.Segmental bowel resection with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 38 emergency cases.Operative time was 20-120 min,with an average time of 54 min.The postoperative hospitalization was 5-17 d,with an average of 8 d.There were 7 cases of skin ecchymosis at the scrotum,there were no intestinal perforation,hepatic encephalopathy and upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after operation.In early series of 24 cases without drainage tube left in place,there were 10 cases of fat liquefaction,10 cases of hydrops of hernial sac,6 cases of seroma and 3 cases of wound infection after operation.After 12 to 48 months of follow-up,there was no mortality after 2 years,no hernia recurrence.Conclusions Tension free repair in the treatment of incarcerated inguinal hernia is safe and feasible.

Cutaneous Fistula ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps

Objective To observe the inhibitation and radiosensitization effect of hematoporphyrin and radiotherapy on H22 liver cancer mice.Methods Mice models of liver cancer were established by subcutaneous injection of H22 cells,tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into:control group, simple radiotherapy group, small dose hematoporphyrin with radiotherapy group (combined treatment group Ⅰ), middle dose hematoporphyrin with radiotherapy group(combined treatment group Ⅱ),and high dose hematoporphyrin with radiotherapy group (combined treatment group Ⅲ).Tumor volumes,inhibition rate,sensitizing factor,the survival time of mice,pathology,apoptosis and other indicators in five groups were observed after14 days. Results Hematoporphyrin and radiotherapy can inhibit tumor growth in mice,The q values in three combined treatment groups were all above 1.0 at different time points ,and combined treatment groupⅢwas the highest.The three combined treatment groups had higher apoptosis rate than control group and simple radiotherapy group,but the difference within groups were not statistically significant. The survival time in three combined treatment groups were higher than control group,the combined treatment group Ⅱ was the longest and simple radiotherapy group was the shortest.Conclusion Hematoporphyrin has tumor inhibitition and radiation sensitizing effect on H22 liver cancer mice,and the effect was positive correlation with drug dose. Hematoporphyrin combined with radiotherapy can extend the lifespan of mice in H22 liver cancer,its sensitizing mechanism may be association with induction of H22 cell apoptosis.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Compound Rhizoma Coptidis ( Rhizoma eoptidis,Radix suctellariae,Cortex phellodendri Chinensis,Fructus gardeniae and Radix et Rhizoma glycyrrhizae) on vascular calcification in rats treated with warfarin and vitamin D_3.METHODS: Thirty-two male SD rats were assigned randomly into control group,calcified group,Compound Rhizoma Coptidis prevented group and treated group.The later three groups were treated with warfarin,and subcutaneously injected with vitamin K_1 and vitamin D_3 for one week to induce extensive calcification of the aorta.Compound Rhizoma Coptidis was given before the first warfarin dose in prevented group and the drug was given after the modeling in the treated group.The control group was treated with normal saline.The calcification in the aorta was analyzed and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA and protein were determined using histomorphometry,RT-PCR and immunohistoehemistry after 4 weeks of drug intervention.RESULTS : The results of 32 rats was analyzed compared to the control group,the area of darkly stained regions by Von Kossa staining and the level of calcium content in aorta wall increased significantly[(608.32±42.29) μg/g vs (1 139.47±230.03) μg/g,P ＜0.05].The OPGmRNA and protein decreased in aortic sections.No artery calcification could be detected in Compound Rhizoma Coptidis prevented group and a little artery calcification could be detected in Compound Rhizoma Coptidis treated group.The level of calcium content in aorta wall significantly lower[(854.77±12.99) μg/g,(875.78±27.23 ) μg/g].The expresion of OPGmRNA and the protein significanfly increased in Compound Rhizoma Coptidis prevented and treated groups.CONCLUSION:Compound Rhizo-ma Coptidis may prevent or regress the vegcular calcifiation,that seems dependent on the upregression of aortic OPG levels.