Objective: To understand the effects of remuneration incentive and their influences on job satis-faction in county public hospital. Methods: Stratified random sampling was adopted. Six county public hospitals in county level in Heilongjiang province were selected as the sample. Exploratory factor analysis was used to ana-lyze the remuneration incentives, descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to ana-lyze the effects and their influences on work satisfaction. Results: remuneration incentives are divided into four dimensions that comprised a total of 16 items, which including direct material rewards, indirect material re-wards, occupational rewards and social rewards. The surgeon’s job satisfaction is higher than the physician, and is lower than the obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics. Technician and nurses’ satisfaction is lower than the general practitioner. The medical staff who worked less than5 years has the lowest satisfaction. Authorized staff’s satisfaction is lower than off-staff. Direct material rewards and occupational rewards are related to job satisfac-tion. Conclusions:Material rewards were in low level, and non-economic incentive was insufficient. The salary incentive for highly educated talents should be strengthened.

Two new polyesters, talapolyesters G-H (1-2) were isolated from the wetland soil-derived fungus Talaromyces flavus BYD07-13, and their structures were determined by NMR and MS spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of the residues were determined by alkaline hydrolysis. The cytotoxicity against five tumor cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480) of 1-2 was examined.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Polyesters ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Talaromyces ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Wetlands

Objective To examine supine fulcrum pressurized radiograph to predict spinal flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Methods 1. Empirical study: put two points (A and B) on one side of the plastic stick and one point on the other side ( C), pressurize on the plastic stick when point C is in the middle of A and B, and then measure the projection shifting of point A. Repeat the pressure test when the distance between A and C doubled. Analyze the effect of increasing distance on diminishing pressure. 2.Clinical study :45 patients ( 16 males and 29 females) underwent standing anteroposterior radiograph ,fulcrum lateral flexion radiograph, supine lateral flexion radiograph. The Cobb's angles were measured and the flexibility ratio was determined on preoperative fulcrum radiograph. Results (1) If the length of A and C was 25 cm, pressurize on point C, when pressure quantitative scale number located 1 scale and 2 scale of the rule, projection shifting of point A were 5 cm and 10 cm. If the length of A and C was 50 cm, pressurize on point C, when pressure quantitative scale number located 1 scale and 2 scale of the rule, projection shifting of point A were 8 cm and 15 cm. The longer the distance, the lesser the pressure force of plastics stick. (2)The Cobb angles and curve flexibility provided by fulcrum lateral flexion radiograph had significant difference from that provided by supine lateral flexion radiograph in male group and female group. Cobb angles of male group was 28. 6°± 4. 1 °, 16. 7°± 4. 6° respectively (t= 7. 438, P ＜ 0. 01 )and curve flexibility was 47. 6% ±8. 1% ,69. 4% ± 8. 5% respectively( t = 7. 438, P ＜ 0. 01 ). Cobb angles of female group was 24.5°± 2. 7°,12. 6°±2. 4° respectively(t = 17. 540,P ＜0. 01 )and curve flexibility was 53.4% ±5.2% ,76. 0% ±4. 7% respectively(t = 17. 54, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The flexibility of spinal main curve of female patients was obviously higher than male patients. Conclusions Supine fulcrum pressurized technique can make up for the insufficiency of supine lateral flexion technique, and provide a convenient, safe, precise and useful method for evaluation of spinal flexibility in AIS.

Objective To investigate the association between donor complement factor component 7 (C7) rs6876739 gene polymorphisms and risk of early bacterial infection following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).Methods A total of 113 patients who had undergone OLT in Shanghai General Hospital between July 2007 and January 2011 were included.A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP),donor C7 rs6876739 was genotyped and analyzed together with clinical data.Results We demortstrated that donor C7 rs6876739 CC genotype had higher risk of early bacterial infection than TT genotype following OLT (55.6％ vs.26.5％,P =0.021).The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that gender (P =0.018),biliary complications (P =0.018),ICU stay after LT (P＜0.001) and donor C7 rs6876739 genotype (P =0.001) were identified as independent factors of early bacterial infection.Conclusion Donor C7 rs6876739 genotype polymorphism is associated with early bacterial infection following OLT and may be a new marker of risk for the development of potentially serious bacterial infection after liver transplantation.

Animals ; Electroencephalography ; Heart ; physiopathology ; Immersion ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Seawater

BACKGROUNDTo determine the relationship between human papillomavirus infection, cervical carcinoma, pre-cancerous lesion and condyloma acuminatum.

METHODSFrom January 2004 to August 2005, 1086 inpatients in department of dermatology and department of gynaecology and obstetrics in Southwest Hospital and No. 302 Hospital with cervical lesions and condyloma were reviewed. All specimens were detected for HPV-DNA using techniques of Gene Array and fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR). All detections of HPV-DNA were performed in the first admission before the patients underwent any examination or treatment.

RESULTSThe positive rates of HPV-DNA detection were 100% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) I, and II and cervical carcinoma. Among these, the main subtype was HPV 16. But some of the patients were found to be positive for more than 2 subtypes of HPV. While the commonest HPV subtype was HPV 18 in endometrial cancer. Some of the patients were detected to be positive for more than 2 subtypes of HPV. In 636 female patient with condyloma acuminatum, the infection rates of HPV6, HPV11 accounted for 44.97% and 29.40%, respectively, HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 infection constituted a small percentage. In a few cases, infection with more than 2 subtypes was detected.

CONCLUSIONCervical carcinoma including pre-cancerous lesion differs from condyloma acuminatum in dominate infectious subtype of HPV. The former is mainly associated with HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections, and the latter mainly associated with HPV 6 and HPV 11 infections. But in both of the above lesions, a mixed infection with more than 2 types may occur and make the pathological changes and clinical treatment more complicated. The early diagnosis and supervision of HPV infection may be of great value for improvement of prognosis and quality of life.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; virology ; Cervix Uteri ; virology ; Condylomata Acuminata ; diagnosis ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; genetics ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Precancerous Conditions ; diagnosis ; virology ; Prognosis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; virology

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the regional anatomy of the rectum including the perirectal fasciae and spaces.

METHODSTwenty-one cadavers (15 males and 6 females) were embalmed and their vessels were visualized by injection with color dye. From the cadavers, 30 hemipelvis and 6 three-quarter pelvis were harvested. The perirectal fasciae and spaces and the pelvic autonomic nerves were dissected and examined.

RESULTSThree tissue layers were dissected from the inside to the periphery including the proper rectal fascia enveloping the mesorectum, the presacral fascia, and the piriformis fascia fused with the sacral periosteum. The mesorectum comprised 2 parts with the classical posterolateral fat covered by the proper rectal fascia posteriorly and the anterior fat covered by the posterior layer of Denonvilliers fascia anteriorly. Extending anteriorly to the anterior layer of Denonvilliers fascia, the presacral fascia bisected the space between the mesorectum and the piriformis fascia into the retrorectal space and the presacral space. The retrorectal space extended cranially to the left retrocolic space, anterior to the space between the 2 layers of Denonvilliers fascia(prerectal space).

CONCLUSIONSFrom the inside to the periphery, the proper rectal fascia, the presacral fascia, and the muscular fascia are distributed in an annular pattern around the mesorectum. The presacral fascia divides the perirectal space into 2 annular parts, the central retrorectal space and the peripheral presacral space. The retrorectal space is the ideal surgical plane for total mesorectal excision.

Adult ; Aged ; Cadaver ; Fascia ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mesocolon ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Pelvis ; anatomy & histology ; Rectum ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo explore clinical outcomes of retrograde interlocked intramedullary nailing with tibia bone graft fusion in treating end-stage ankle arthritis.

METHODSFrom November 2014 to April 2016, 22 patients with end-stage ankle arthritis were treated with retrograde interlocked intramedullary nailing with tibia bone graft fusion, including 9 males and 13 females aged from 30 to 65 years old with an average of 48.5 years old. Seven patients had obvious varus deformity, and other 15 patients' appearance were normal. Operative time, blood loss, fracture healing time and complications were observed and compared, AOFAS and VAS score were applied for evaluate ankle joint function and pain degree before operation and 9 months after operation.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 24 months with an average of 18.6 months. The incision were healed at stage I , and no complications occurred. Operative time ranged from 80 to 120 min with an average of 90 min;blood loss ranged from 15 to 50 ml with an average of 30 ml;fracture healing time was from 10 to 18 weeks with an average of 14 weeks. AOFAS score at 9 months after operation was 88.00±3.45, while 54.82±2.98 before operation, and there was statistical significance; 8 cases obtained excellent results, 12 good and 2 moderate. There was significant difference in VAS score between preoperative(3.96±1.27) and 9 months after operation(9.37±0.55).

CONCLUSIONSRetrograde interlocked intramedullary nailing with tibia bone graft fusion for the treatment of end-stage ankle arthritis has advantages of stable fixation, less trauma, less blood loss, bone union and rapid recovery of function, and could relieve pain obviously.

OBJECTIVEThe expression of CD25, CD45RA, CD45RO on umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and CD3(+) T lymphocytes was investigated to explore the mechanism of immunosuppressive effects of intravenous immunoglobulin on neonatal immune function.

METHODSUmbilical cord blood mononuclear cells and CD3(+) T lymphocytes isolated from 8 neonates were studied. The expression of CD25, CD45RA, CD45RO on umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) and CD3(+) T lymphocytes induced with various stimuli of different combinations of IVIG and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) including (1) control group, (2) PHA activation group, (3) IVIG pre-inhibition group, (4) PHA pre-activation group, (5) PHA+IVIG group was measured with four-color immunofluorescence antibodies staining-flow cytometric technique. The results were also compared with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 8 adults (PBMCs).

RESULTSIVIG inhibited the PHA-induced proliferation of CBMCs as reflected by the decreased expression of CD25 and CD45RO. The amounts of CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CBMCs reached 77.52% +/- 2.31% and 64.29% +/- 3.09% after PHA use. But a decreased response in CD25(+) (7.66% +/- 1.20% and 7.78% +/- 1.46%) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CBMC (3.18% +/- 1.90% and 3.11% +/- 0.08%) was observed when IVIG was added in both IVIG pre-inhibition group and PHA+IVIG group. As compared with PBMCs, IVIG failed to induce the increase of the expression of CD45RA in CBMCs whereas CD45RA(+) PBMCs increased from 54.93% +/- 3.63% to 72.77% +/- 0.39% in IVIG pre-inhibition group. Moreover, IVIG inhibited the expression of CD25 and CD45RO on cord blood CD3(+) T lymphocytes no matter whether they were activated with PHA or not. The amounts of CD25(+) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CD3(+) T lymphocytes reached 97.92% +/- 2.19% and 80.41% +/- 5.57% after PHA use. But a decreased response in CD25(+) CBMCs (77.29% +/- 0.63%, 51.48% +/- 1.85% and 62.73% +/- 1.24%) and CD4(+)CD45RO(+) CD3(+) T lymphocytes (35.47% +/- 2.55%, 40.14% +/- 1.16% and 36.41% +/- 2.96%) was observed when IVIG was added in IVIG pre-inhibition group, PHA pre-activation group and PHA+IVIG group, and the degree of inhibition of IVIG on cord blood CD3(+) T lymphocytes was much lower than that of CBMCs.

CONCLUSIONSCord blood T lymphocytes activation was inhibited by IVIG through the inhibition of CD25(+) CBMCs expression and the prevention of transformation from CD4(+)CD45RA(+) cells into CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells. This IVIG-mediated suppression of activation in cord blood T cells may be derived from the indirect effect of other immune cells or molecules other than the direct effects on T cells. IVIG failed to induce the increase of expression of CD45RA in CBMCs, which may be related to the fact that majority of CBMCs were CD45RA(+) cells, but this may not rule out that the immunosuppressive effect of IVIG could be accomplished by the increase of CD45RA(+) cells in adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The suppressive effect of IVIG on CD4(+)CD45RO(+) T lymphocytes may account for its inhibitory effect on immunoglobulin production of neonates' B cells. Considering that naïve CD45RA(+) cells dominate in neonates and IVIG can inhibit transformation from CD4(+)CD45RA(+) cells into CD4(+)CD45RO(+) cells, it is recommended that IVIG should be used properly in neonates, otherwise it may deteriorate their poor immune function especially when it is used for prophylaxis or as a treatment of neonatal non-infectious diseases, and its immunosuppressive action will increase the susceptibility of neonates to infection.

Adult ; CD3 Complex ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Immunologic Factors ; adverse effects ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections, Intravenous ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; biosynthesis ; immunology ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Male