Objective To understand the case method in the teaching application of nursing nutrition.Methods Set up the teaching quality evaluation sheet,and 449 nursing students that received the teaching application of nursing nutrition by the methods of case teaching were investigated.Results Among the students,89.17％ of the students thought that teachers can closely teach the keys of knowledge,related case content with theory closely.93.35％ students considered that it can help them deeply understanding,82.92％ students thought that it combined with nursing professional characteristics,and case content was vivid (86.91％).More than 90.00％ of the students thought that it increased their interesting in the learning of nursing nutrition,and the interaction between teachers and students was increased.And 87.60％ students considered that it improved their learning initiative,80.39％ students enhanced their deep impression.More than 75.00％ students thought that it improved their interpersonal communication,and abilities of problems solving.And 96.27％ students were more willing to accept the case method of teaching.Conclusions Case teaching method application can training innovation consciousness,practice ability and the team cooperation spirit of students.

OBJECTIVETo study the hepatoprotective effect of the extract of Terminala catappa leaves (TCE) and the possible mechanisms underlying its protection on acute liver injury induced by D-Galactosamine (D-GalN).

METHODIn vivo: D-GalN-induced liver injury model was used to evaluate the effect of TCE on the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in mice. Structure of liver was observed and liver mitochondrial swelling was measured following D-GalN injection without or with TCE. In vitro: D-GalN-induced primary cultured hepatocytes injury model was used to value the effect of TCE on cultured hepatocytes. Cell viability was measured by means of MTT assay, and the AST and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in supernatant of cultured cells were investigated also.

RESULTIn acute hepatic injury test, with oral pretreatment of TCE, remarkable rises in serum AST and ALT activities (2.95 fold and 3.35 fold) induced by D-GalN were obviously reversed and significant morphological changes were remarkably lessened. In addition, the decrease in sensitivity of mitochondrial swelling to the exotic Ca2+ stimulation induced by D-GalN was also prevented by TCE. In primary cultured hepatocytes of mice, it was found that incubation with TCE could prevent the decrease in cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. It was also found that both the increase in AST level (1.9 fold) and the decrease in SOD activity (48.0%) in supernatant of primary cultured hepatocytes induced by D-GalN could be inhibited by pretreatment of TCE.

CONCLUSIONTCE has hepatoprotective activity and the mechanisms underlying its protective effect may be related to its antioxidant activity and protection on both hepatocytes and liver mitochondria.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; blood ; etiology ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Galactosamine ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pregnancy ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Terminalia ; chemistry

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are a family of epigenetic regulators responsible for the repression of genes in proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. PcG protein complex consists of two important epigenetic regulators: PRC1 (polycomb repressive complex 1) and PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2). In order to further understand the functions of PcG proteins in stem cell growth and differentiation, we review the PcG protein composition, PcG protein localization in the target gene, PcG protein recruitment, and the functions of PcG proteins in the development of stem cells.
Cell Differentiation ; physiology ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; metabolism ; physiology ; Polycomb-Group Proteins ; metabolism ; physiology ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective To observe the effects of long-term hemodialysis(HD) combined with hemoperfusion(HP) on the levels of protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods Forty-six patients with MHD were selected and divided into HD +HP group and HD group .HD+HP group ( n=22 ) was treated with low-flux HD twice a week and HD combined with HP once a week ,while HD group(n=24) was treated with low-flux HD three times a week.The follow-up lasted 36 weeks.The pre-dialysis concentration of PBUTs was measured at week 12, 24, 36 and baseline.PBUTs included hippuric acid (HA), indoxyl sulphate (IS)and p-cresyl sulphate (PCS).High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry ( HPLC-MS/MS) was used for determination .Results After 36 weeks of follow-up, the concentration of the three toxins in the HD +HP group was lower than that in the HD group during the study.At the end of the study, the reduction rates of HA, IS and PCS were 33.5%,12.8% and 24.2%, respectively, in HD+HP group.The three toxins in HD group increased by 2.3%,21.8%and 2.8%.The clearance rate of HA, PCS and IS in the HP+HD group was higher than in HD group (P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term HD combined with HP can more effectively remove PBUTs , and keep them at a lower level .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents from the rhizomes of Smilax glabra.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, Diaion HP-20 and ODS as packing materials, and HPLC. Their structures were determined on the basis of their spectral evidence.

RESULT5 dihydro-flavonol glycosides were identified as: astilbin (1), neoastilbin (2), isoastilbin (3), neoisoastilbin (4), (2R, 3R)-taxifolin-3'-O-beta-D-pyranglucoside (5).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 2, 4, 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Flavonols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Smilax ; chemistry ; Stereoisomerism

OBJECTIVETo investigate HIV survival time and it's influencing factors among former commercial blood and plasma donors engaged in unsafe blood donation practices in China.

METHODSHIV/AIDS cases from 8 counties (districts) in 4 provinces confirmed prior to January 24, 2006 related with former commercial blood and plasma donors were selected and data regarding infection, AIDS progression, death, and influencing factors were retrospectively collected.

RESULTSIn 530 cases of HIV infection, 334 (63.0%) cases had developed AIDS, 168 (50.3%) had received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and 152 (29.0%) had died. For the 530 cases, there was an average (10.1 +/- 1.8) years of observation from time of infection. Among 166 AIDS patients not receiving ART, average survival was 9.1 years (95% CI: 9.1 - 9.4), with an 8 year survival rate of 52.0%. Among 168 AIDS patients receiving ART, average survival was 12.1 years (95% CI: 11.9 - 12.3), with a 12-year survival rate of 80.0%. In 3 years of ART, average survival was longer in the treatment group as compared to the no treatment group with a hazard ratio for death of 12.2. Univariate analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in AIDS patient average survival based on gender, age, location, ART status, and baseline CD(4)(+) T cells count. Results from multivariate COX-regression showed that highly active ant iretroriral therapy (HAART) was the strongest protective factor for prolonging AIDS patients' survival (HR = 13.3, P = 0.00).

CONCLUSIONAlthough there are many factors influencing AIDS patients survival, intervention with HAART is the principle measure to prolong survival and decrease the risk of death.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; drug therapy ; etiology ; mortality ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Survival Rate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo report a family of familial dysalbuminaemic hyperthyroxinaemia(FDH).

METHODSFour members, including the female proband, mother, daughter and brother, went through the measurement of thyroid hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Electrophoretic analysis of the patient's serum proteins was carried out after the patient's serum being incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled thyroxine(T4), The point mutation of Alb gene was determined in all members.

RESULTSThe measurements of thyroid hormane and TSH showed that in three members (the proband, her mother and her daughter), the total thyroxine(TT4) serum level was high, the total triiodothyronine(TT3), FT4, FT3 and TSH serum levels were normal. And the enhanced albumin binding of fluorescenced T4 by electrophoresis showed a mutation transition 653 G-->A on DNA coding region of albumin. But in the proband's brother, the thyroid function and the results of electrophoresis of thyroxine-binding protein and determination of albumin gene were normal.

CONCLUSIONA family with FDH in China is firstly reported here, a mutation at albumin gene DNA coding region 653G-->A causing enhanced albumin binding of T4 results in high T4 level.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperthyroxinemia, Familial Dysalbuminemic ; blood ; genetics ; Male ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thyrotropin ; blood ; Thyroxine ; blood ; Thyroxine-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Triiodothyronine ; blood

Chinese medicines (CMs) are increasingly being used for the treatment of tumors because of their unique advantages. The induction of tumor cell apoptosis is an important method of tumor treatment. Caspase-3 is a member of the caspase (cysteine aspartic proteinases) family of enzymes, which are the major inducers of apoptosis. Caspase-3 activity is often measured in the context of research into anti-tumor drugs that target apoptosis. Many studies have shown that CMs upregulate the expression of caspase-3 in tumor cells via extrinsic and/or intrinsic pathways, removing endogenous suppression of apoptosis and promoting tumor cell death. Therefore, several CMs fulfill the criteria for anti-tumor drugs. In this paper, we review the efficacy of 14 Chinese herbal medicines, across a wide range applications, and discuss their effects on caspase-3 activity in tumor cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; physiology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathological changes of pulmonary fibrosis induced by SiO2 in rats and pigs.

METHODSThe silicosis models in rats and pigs were established by non-exposure method. The pathologic changes in lung tissues of rats and pigs were observed with HE staining under a light microscopy and under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the expression of cytokines was detected by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS(1) The main pathologic changes of silicosis models in rats and pigs included: in 7 ∼ 15 days after treatment, silica dusts, dust cells, a lot of macrophages, lung epithelial cells, a few neutrophils, macrophage alveolar inflammation and nodules of stage I were found in alveolar space; in 30 ∼ 90 days after treatment, many nodules of stage I-III or IV with lymphocytes infiltration were observed in respiratory bronchioles, alveoli, interlobular septa, the subpleural and around blood vessels and bronchi. (2) The expression levels of CK protein, SP-A protein, CD68, b-FGF, TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β1, NFKappa/P50, Kappa/P65 and VEGF reduced with exposure time, but still were higher than those of the control. (3) The shed alveolar type I cells, proliferation of alveolar type II cells or macrophages and activated cellular function induced by silica were observed under TEM.

CONCLUSIONThe development of pulmonary fibrosis in silicosis models corresponded with the process from macrophages alveolar inflammation to pulmonary fibrosis.

Animals ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Epithelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Lung ; cytology ; pathology ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; metabolism ; Male ; Neutrophils ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Silicosis ; pathology ; Swine