Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Integrative Medicine

As one of the serious complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy( DR) has become a main eye disease which causes blindness. The occurrence and development of DR is related to many factors. The pathogenesis is complicated, and the mechanism has not been clear. Early data suggest that the occurrence and development of DR has relations with many factors such as blood sugar level, diabetes duration and the environment. Among the factors, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress is the important mechanisms of DR and has become research focus in recent years. Consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction within cells include elevation of the rate of reactive oxygen species( ROS) production due to damage of electron transport chain proteins, mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA ) damage, and loss of metabolic capacity. Clear understanding on the mechanism of mitochondrial functional change under high sugar level and oxidative stress response in the occurrence and development of DR is of great significance on prevention and cure of DR. ln this article, the development of mitochondrial metabolism and oxidative stress of DR is reviewed.

The treatment plan of facial neuritis in Evidence-based Guidelines of Clinical Practice in Acupuncture and Moxibustion (2011 edition) is discussed, and case information of facial neuritis during the recent five years in department of acupuncture and moxibustion, PLA General Hospital, is retrospectively analyzed. In accordance with anatomy of the facial nerve to form the acupuncture prescription, the detailed diagnosis and treatment method for facial neuritis are introduced. The advantages of the diagnosis and treatment method for facial neuritis are summarized, hoping to establish a more comprehensive, standardized and unified treatment plan.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; standards ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Facial Nerve Diseases ; therapy ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; standards ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective To study the expression of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)on muscle biopsy specimens of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIM),and assess diagnostic value of MHC in IIM. Methods Forty-five patients with IIM(19 polymyositis and 26 dermatomyositis)were selected for this study.Thirty healthy subjects were included as controls.Immunohistochemical staining was applied to identify the expression of HLA-A/B/C and HLA-DR on muscle biopsy-specimens in polymyositis (PM)/deFmatomyosiris (DM) patients and healthy controls.Results HIA-A/B/C antigens were expressed in muscle fibers in 18 out of 19 PM patients(95%),24 out of 26 DM patients(92%) and 3 out 0f 30 healthy controls(10%) respectively.The positive expression rate of HLA-DR in PM,DM patients and healthy controls were 84%, 81%,13%,respectively.The expressions of HLA-A/B/C and HLA-DR were significantly increased in PM and DM patients than those in healthy controls(both P<0.05),but no significant differences were found between PM and DM groups(both P>0.05).No significant correlations were demonstrated between the over-expression of HLA-A/B/C or HLA-DR and the extent of inflammatory infiltrations,muscle damage or clinical features in PM/DM groups (all P values>0.05).Conclusion MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱover-expression in muscle fibers are the early events in PM and DM,and may occur in the absence of lymphocyte infihration and muscle damage.Immunostaining for MHC-Ⅰ and MHC-Ⅱcan be used as a routine test in the diagnosis of PM and DM.

Objective To investigate the influence of combined irbesartan/hydrochlomthiazide on morning blood pressure surge(MBPS)and left ventricular mass(LVM) in essential hypertension.Methods After 4-8 weeks' run-in period,if blood pressure wagn't up to the standard,the 120 patients were given irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide once daily from 150 mg/12.5 mg for 12 months to 300 mg/25mg for another 12 months.MBPS was conducted by arnbuhry blood pressure monitoring(ABPM)and LVM was determined by echocardiography at the end of placebo baseline and 12 months later.Results (1)After treatment the patients with MBPS(+)decreased and patients with MBPS(-) increased.(2)After treatment the extents of MBPS were reduced in MBPS(+)patients[systolic blood pressure(SBP)difference(16.1±1.8)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133 kPa)vs(29.4±2.8)mm Hg,diastolic blood pressure(DBP)difference(10.2±2.3)mm Hg vs(21.2±2.2)mm Hg,P<0.01]with little change in MBPS(-)patients[SBP difference(11.2±2.4)mm Hg vs(10.1±1.2)mm Hg,DBP difference(5.9±1.9)mm Hg vs(6.8±3.2)mm Hg]compared with before treatment.(3)LVM indexes of all patients were significantly reduced.Conclusion Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide can effectively attenuate the extent of MBPS, and has advantages on reversing left ventricular hypertrophy.

Extracellular single-unit discharge recording technique was used to examine the effects of Ginkgolide B (BN52021) on the discharges of neurons in CAI area of hippocampal slices and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.The results showed that:(1) In response to the application of ginkgolide B (0.1,1,10 βμmol/L; n =43) into the perfusate for 2 rain,the spontaneous discharge rates (SDR) of 42/43 (97.67%) neurons were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner; (2) Pretreatment with L-glutamate (L-Glu,0.2mmol/L) led to a marked increase in the SDR of all 10 (100%) neurons in an epileptiform pattern.The increased discharges were suppressed significantly after ginkgolide B (1 μmol/L) was applied into the perfusate for 2 rain; (3) In 8 neurons,perfusion of the selective L-type calcium channel agonist,Bay K 8644 (0.1 μmol/L),induced a significant increase in the discharge rate of 8/8 (100%) neurons.Ginkgolide B (1 μmoL/L) applied into the perfusate inhibited the discharges of 7/8 (87.5%) slices; (4) In 8 neurons,the broad potassium channels blocker,tetraethylammonium (TEA,1 mmol/L) completely blocked the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B (1 μmol/L).These results suggest that ginkgolide B can inhibit the electrical activity of CAI neurons.The inhibitory effect may be related to the blockade of L-type voltage-activated calcium channel and may be concerned with delayed rectifier potassium channel (KDR),which indicated that ginkgolide B play a protective role on the central neurons.

The article gives a brief analysis of student characteristics of medical independent college and the aim and purpose of medical education to propose the corresponding measures to improve the students work of independent college.

AIM:To investigate the expression and the significance of VEGF-C/D in rat cornea after alkali burning as well as the role of lymphangiogenesis in the high-risk corneal transplantation rejection.
●METHODS:The model of alkali burn corneal was made. Different times corneas were taken to electron microscope for vascularization, and examined the expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in l, 3, 5, 7, 14, 28d. The other rat cornea after alkali burn were divided into four parts to penetrate keratoplasty, containing only blood vessels in the cornea ( group A ) , angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis ( group B ) , lymphangiogenesis degenerating period ( group C ) , angiogenesis degenerating period ( group D ) . ln addition, there are also normal groups ( group N ) to compare the Rl values and survival time of corneal graft.
●RESULTS: Electron microscopy showed that, when the first 7d rat cornea appeared neovascularization after alkali burn, but not lymphangiogenesis. The occurrence of new blood vessels and lymphatic in 2wk. There were no obvious lymphangiogenesis in 5wk and the angiogenesis gradually subside in 8 wk. The expression of VEGF-C/D and VEGFR-3 in the corneas of rats were up-regulated in the third days after the injury, and reached its peaks at 5d. The average survival time of group N, A, B, C, D were (14.25±0.62)d, (9.35±1.02)d, (5.06±1.13)d, (8.71±0.83) d, (9. 44±1. 05)d after transplant cornea. Compared to the rest of the group, group B plant average survival time significantly shortened (P<0. 05), while compared with group B, the survival time of A, C, D groups were significantly longer (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSION: VEGF - C/D and VEGFR - 3 are expressed significantly after corneal alkali burn. New lymphatic vessels can accelerate high - risk corneal transplantation immune rejection.

Hazardous Substances ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Workplace

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of icariin(ICA) on the xenograft tumors growth of esophageal car‐cinoma and to preliminarily investigate its mechanism .Methods The MTT assay and Giemsa staining were applied to detect and observe the in vitro inhibitory effect of ICA on esophagus cancer cell lines Eca‐109 and TE‐13 .The xenograft tumor model of nude mouse esophagus cancer cell was constructed and divided into 3 groups ,6 cases in each group .Each mouse in the experimental group was intraperitoneally injected by ICA 50 mg/kg ;while the control group was injected by the same volume of normal saline and the positive control group was injected by cis‐platinum 2 mg/kg ,once every 2 days ,a total of 14 days .The tumor volume was measured once per 3 d .After experiment ,the tumor weight was measured;the TUNEL staining was used to observe the morphological chan‐ges and cell apoptosis of tumor tissue in each group .The changes of Fas and FasL protein expression in tumor tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry .The FasL and IFN‐γlevels in peripheral blood were tested by the ELISA assay .Results ICA exerted no obvious inhibitory effect on the proliferation of Eca‐109 and TE‐13 cell in vitro .The average volume and weight of xenografts tumor had statistical difference between the experimental group and the positive control group (P<0 .05) .The TUNEL staining results showed that the tumor tissues had obvious apoptosis ,the number of apoptosis cells was significantly increased compared with the control group(P<0 .05) .The immunohistochemistry experimental results showed that the expression of Fas and FasL was signifi‐cantly increased(P<0 .05) .The ELISA experimental results demonstrated that the FasL and IFN‐γlevels of peripheral blood in the experimental group were significantly increased(P<0 .05) .Conclusion ICA had no obvious inhibitory effect on esophageal cancer cell proliferation in vitro ,but could induce in vivo apoptosis through the Fas expression and secretion of FasL and IFN‐γ,thus plays the role of anti‐esophageal cancer .