This paper is discussed about course system construction of Microbiology, teaching method, in- struction means and experimental teaching mode. Teaching practice indicated that reform the pattern of Mi- crobiology educational mode can stimulate students’ interest in studying the course, cultivate their inde- pendent ability to solve questions, develop their creative thinking. It is an important way to train high-caliber talents.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of protoberberine alkaloids in extracts from Corydalis saxicola total alkaloids.

METHODThe in vitro single-pass intestinal perfusion model in rats was established to study the changes in absorption kinetic parameters of dehydrocavidine, berberine hydrochloride and palmatine chloride in C. saxicola total alkaloids after the addition of different concentrations oligochitosan and evaluate the effect of oligochitosan in promoting intestinal absorption of the drugs.

RESULTThe concentration of oligochitosan had different effects on the absorption rate constant (Ka) and apparent permeability coefficient (Peff) of the three active component in rat intestines. Ka and Peff in 0.5% oligochitosan group significantly increased, indicating a stronger effect in promoting the absorption.

CONCLUSIONOligochitosan has a certain effect in promoting the intestinal absorptions of protoberberine alkaloids in C. saxicola total alkaloids.

Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Chitin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

From original concept and literature of acupoint, the concept and clinical significance of ashi method is discussed, which clarifies that the essence of ashi method is to locate the acupoints by patients' sensitivity on force. The clinical application of heat-sensitive moxibustion has illustrated that positioning method of this therapy is based on the appearance of heat-sensitive moxibustion sensation. Although both types are based on patients' feeling, positioning method of heat-sensitive moxibustion stands on a new angle and uses a new method to locate acupoint. Therefore, it is believed that the positioning method of heat-sensitive moxibustion is the inheritance and development of ashi method.
Acupuncture Points ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Moxibustion ; history ; methods ; Sensation

AIM: To further investigate the etiology and treatment strategies of diabetic macular edema(DME)by studying the correlation between responses to intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab(IVR)and diabetic retinopathy(DR)extent in DME patients.

METHODS: This study comprised 33 eyes of 27 non proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR)patients with DME and 34 eyes of 32 PDR patients with DME, who had been followed for at least 6mo after IVR. We compared the responses to the anti-VEGF treatment between the two groups.

RESULTS: NPDR patients had strong statistical improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and central macular thickness(CMT)after both 3-month treatment and 6-month treatment(P<0.05), While PDR patients had not(P>0.05). There were also statistical differences(P<0.05)in BCVA and CMT between NPDR group and PDR at a time when the patients had received both 3-month treatment and 6-month treatment.

CONCLUSION: Different extents of DR have influence on DME responses to anti-VEGF.

Although the basic principles for the function of peripheral auditory system have been known for many years, the molecular mechanisms which affect deafness are not clear. In recent years, the study of hereditary deafness associated mouse models has revealed the molecular basis which is related with the formation and function of the hair bundle and the mechanosensory organelle of hair cell. This review focused on the role of protein network, which is formed by the proteins encoded by the Usher syndrome type 1 genes, in hair-bundle development and mechanotransducer channel gating. And the review also showed how the stereocilia rootlets contribute to the hair bundle's mechanical properties and how the hair bundle produces suppressive masking. Finally, the review revealed multiple roles of the tectorial membrane and extracellular matrix in the hair bundles stimulating in the cochlea.
Animals ; Cochlea ; physiopathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Hair Cells, Auditory ; pathology ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; Humans ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Mice ; Usher Syndromes ; genetics

Objective To evaluate and summarize the possibility and experience of reconstructive vascular operation for V-shaped kinking of internal carotid artery.Methods Reconstructive vascular operation was performed in 11 patients with symptomatic V-shaped kinking of internal carotid artery,admitted to our hospitals from July 2008 to May 2010; 7 of them underwent eversion endarterectomy simultaneously.Results One patient with severe distortion appeared mild agitation,insomnia and headache 3-5 d after the operation,but 1 week later,the system disappeared completely.CTA right after the operation showed that the distortion vascular was straight with good vascular patency.All patients rechecked MR diffusion weighted imaging 1 week after the operation,showing that 2 patients had fresh lacunar infarction in the operation side.Carotid ultrasonography showed no restenosis recurrence,distortion or hemodynamic disorders 3 and 6 months after the operation.1patient rechecked CT brain perfusion imaging 6 months after the operation,showing obviously improved perfusion.Follow up for 6 months reviewed no other new infarction lesions,no obvious nervous signs or symptoms appeared; no one reappeared TIA or had operative complications.Obvious improvement of spirit and reaction was noted in a patient with slow response.Conclusion Reconstructive vascular operation is an effective surgical approach in kinking and coiling of the internal carotid artery.

Objective To establish a HPLC-MS/MS method for deter-mination of human plasma concentrations of Bezafibrate , and for the study of pharmacokinetic characteristics of bezafibrate ( two formulations ) . Methods Chromatographic separation was using Welch Ultimate C 18 column (5 μm, 2.1 mm ×50 mm) with gradient elution ( A: acetoni-trile, B:water with 0.02% formic acid).Quantification was performed using Q-TRAP MS with multiple-reaction monitoring .Six health sub-jects were divided into three groups and received single 400 mg dose of test preparation or reference preparation in three period .Plasma samples were collected at different time.The concentrations of bezafibrate were determined by LC -MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters and related statistics analysis were calculated by DAS 3.2.7.Results The linear range is 50.0-1.5 ×10 4 ng? mL-1 , and had a good linear relationship ( r=0.996 9 ).The lower limit of quantitation of bezafibrate was 50 ng? mL-1 .The intra-and inter-day precisions were 1.21%-6.36%and 5.73%-7.62%, respectively.And the absolute recoveries of beza-fibrate were range from 67.56%to 77.42%.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of single oral test preparation were:Cmax was (14.52 ±4.78 )μg? mL-1 , tmax was ( 3.00 ±0.89 ) h, t1/2 was ( 2.49 ±0.84 ) h, AUC0-t was ( 52.36 ±6.23 )μg? mL-1? h, AUC0-∞ was (52.48 ±6.19 )μg? mL-1? h.According to the coefficient of variation to estimate sample size was 18 cases.Conclusion This study established a rapid , efficient and sensitive method for the analysis of the concentration of bezafibrate in plasma and also suitable for pharmacokinetic studies of bezafibrate .

Objective To study the effect of cimetidine aerosol inhalation on preventing and treating oral mucositis (OM) in patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods 120 patients receiving HSCT were divided into three groups. The patients in group A ( n =40 ) did not receive aerosol inhalation, the patients in group B (n =40) were treated by normal sodium aerosol inhalation, and the patients in group C ( n =40) were treated by cimetidine aerosol inhalation. The preventive and curative effects between the three groups were observed and compared. Results The incidence rate of OM in group C was 40.0％, was less than no aerosol inhalation group ( 67. 5％ ) and normal sodium aerosol inhalation group (50.0％), the difference was statistically significant(x2 =6. 216,P ＜0. 05). The Ⅱ - Ⅳ degree of OM in three groups were statistically significant( x2 =6.278, P ＜ 0. 05 ) ; the occurrence of OM and the duration were statistically different ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). The occurrence of OM was delay and the duration was shortened in cimetidine aerosol inhalation ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusions Cimetidine atomizing inhalation is effective on OM in HSCT recipients, the incidence rate of OM decreased significantly, which could reduce the patients' suffering and increase the achievement ratio of HSCT.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of baicalin on the behavioral characteristics of rats with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and to provide a basis for further research on baicalin in the treatment of ADHD.

METHODSA total of 40 SHR rats were randomly divided into model group, methylphenidate hydrochloride (MPH) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups, with 8 rats in each group. Eight WKY rats were selected as normal control group. The rats in the MPH group (0.07 mg/mL) and the low- (3.33 mg/mL), medium- (6.67 mg/mL), and high-dose (10 mg/mL) baicalin groups were given the corresponding drugs (1.5 mL/100 g) by gavage twice a day, and those in the normal control group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline by gavage twice a day. The course of treatment was 4 weeks for all groups. The open field test was performed to observe total moving distance and average moving speed on day 0 of experiment and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after gavage and to evaluate the control effects of drugs on hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The Morris water maze test was used to observe the latency, time spent in the target quadrant, and number of platform crossings and to evaluate the effects of drugs on attention.

RESULTSThe open field test showed that the model group and the drug treatment groups had a significantly longer total moving distance and a significantly higher average moving speed than the normal control group on day 0 (P<0.05). On day 7, the MPH group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). On day 14, the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had significant reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed compared with the model group (P<0.05). The data on days 21 and 28 showed that compared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose baicalin groups had gradual reductions in total moving distance and average moving speed (P<0.05). The water maze test showed that compared with the model group, the MPH group and the medium- and high-dose baicalin groups had a significantly longer time spent in the target quadrant (P<0.05), and the MPH group and the high-dose baicalin group had a significantly higher proportion of the moving distance in the target quadrant in total moving distance (P<0.05). The high-dose baicalin group had the highest number of platform crossings among all groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSBoth baicalin and MPH can regulate the motor ability and learning and memory abilities of SHR rats with ADHD and thus control the core symptoms of ADHD, i.e., hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, and inattention. Baicalin exerts its effect in a dose-dependent manner, and high-dose baicalin has the most significant effect, but compared with MPH, it needs a longer time to play its therapeutic effect.

Animals ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavonoids ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Motor Activity ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY