Objective To study the effects of HBeAg in new born infants on the response to anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin combined with hepatitis B vaccination.Methods Two hundred and eight infants who were born during January 2008 to January 2011 in the Department of Obstetrics in Second Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University,including 120 serum HBeAg positive infants without intrauterine infection,and 88 HBeAg negative infants as control group were recruited in the study.Infants in both groups were vaccinated with genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine (CHO cell) 20 μg according to a standard vaccination regimen (i.e.0,1,6) and 200 IU doses of hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth and at day 15 respectively.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and HBV DNA were measured at birth prior to immunization.HBsAg,HBeAgand hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were detected at 1,7,and 12 months after birth to evaluate the effects of immune response.The date were analyzed by the chi-square test and groups were analyzed by t test.Results No statistical significances of anti-HBs were observed between the serum HBeAg positive group and the serum HBeAg negative group at the 1st,7th and the 12th month of birth (t=1.285,0.563 and-0.971,respectively; all P＞0.05).The anti-HBs titers in both groups at 1 month were higher than at birth (P＜0.05).At 7 months after birth,the anti-HBs titers in both groups were even higher than those at 1 month.At 12 months after birth,the anti-HBs titers in both groups were lower than those at 7 months,but still higher than those at 1 month(F=34.3959 and 64.908,respectively; both P＜0.01).Infants who were born with positive serum HBeAg were further divided into two subgroups according to the HBeAg titers,using the median HBeAg titer (47.495 S/CO) as the cut off point.Between the two subgroups,there were also no significant differences of anti-HBs at 1 month,7 months and 12 months (all P＞0.05).The HBeAg titers in HBeAg positive infants decreased gradually after birth.At 7 months,only 3 infants remained HBeAg positive.At 12 months,HBeAg turned negative in all of the 120 infants who were previously HBeAg positive,and no anti-HBe positivity were detected.Conclusion The production of anti-HBs after combined immunization with anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine in infants is independent of HBeAg serology at birth.

Objective To investigate the structural and ultrastructural changes of the skin induced by micro-plasma radio-frequency technology,and to preliminarily discuss this novel technology mechanism.Methods Thirty guinea pigs were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups.They were radiated by different dose parameters 40 W,10 kJ; 60 W,10 kJ and 80 W,10 kJ.Every guinea pig's back was divided into two parts which was removed after immediately,one week and one month,and dermatopathology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed.Results The different dose setting could make different skin change of immediately effect.When dose setting was 40 W,10 kJ,skin showed that epidermal cells were integrity and the superficial layer of dermis collagen tissue was light homogenization.When dose setting was 60 W,10 kJ,epidermal tissue showed focal emergence of fractional shape change and obvious homogenization.When dose setting was 80 W,10 kJ,epidermal showed complete vaporization loss or degeneration necrosis,and dermal superficial and middle layer of collagen tissue showed a large area of homogenization.Skin superficial collagen tissue's structure gradually showed dense and arranged in an orderly manner after one week and markedly thickened and arranged in compact manner after one month.TEM showed that epidermal cells were relatively complete,intercellular structure was normal,but the dermal collagen lost originally normal structure and cell structure disappeared and obviously showed massive apoptosis.A small amount of apoptosis was showed but collagen structure gradually restored after one month.Conclusions The novel micro-plasma radio-frequency has obvious dose effect to skin,and its main target tissues are dermal collagen tissue.It can stimulate skin collagen hyperplasia in certain degree.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; Remission Induction

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine for pregnant women with hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg)negative chronic hepatitis B(CHB). Methods Sixty-two cases of HBeAg negative CHB pregnant women were collected from May 2007 to May 2012,and they were divided into telbivudine group (n=31 ,600 mg per day by oral administration)and compound glycyrrhizin group (n=31 ,120 mg per day by intravenous administration).All neonates were given intramuscular injection of 200 IU hepatitis Bimmune globalin at birth immediately and 15 days after birth,and 20 μg genetically engineered hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1 and 6 months after birth.The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)level and hepatitis B virus (HBV)DNA titer were monitored.The HBV DNA negative conversion rate,the rate of intrauterine infection,duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate were compared between groups.All categorical data were analyzed using the chi-square test and comparison between groups was analyzed by t test.Results In telbivudine group,the HBV DNA level before delivery ([0.20±0.11]lg copy/mL)and 6 weeks after delivery ([0.22±0.13]lg copy/mL) were lower than that before treatment [(6.24±0.75 )lg copy/mL]and the differences were statistically significant (t=303.128 and 301 .321 ,respectively;both P <0.01).The negative conversion rate of HBV DNA in telbivudine group was 28 cases before delivery,while in compound glycyrrhizin group,no one had HBV DNA negative conversion.And statistical significant differences were achieved between these two groups before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery (t = -20.285 and -8.721 ,respectively;both P <0.01).In telbivudine group,the ALT levels before delivery and 6 weeks after delivery were (13.08±5.87) U/L and (25.97 ± 17.48)U/L,respectively,which were significantly decreased compared with that before treatment (205.95± 95.69 )U/L.The differences were statistically significant (t = 93.128 and 81.321, respectively;both P <0.01).In compound glycyrrhizin group,the ALT level before delivery ([104.15 ± 69.15]U/L)was lower than that before treatment ([209.60 ± 102.24]U/L)and the difference was statistically significant (t = 9.281 ,P =0.032).However,the ALT level was fluctuant 6 weeks after delivery (150.26± 86.43)U/L,which was not significantly different from that before treatment (t =2.821 ,P =0.122).The ALT levels before delivery and 6 month after delivery were significantly different in both two groups (t=-2.559 and -3.158,respectively;both P <0.05 ).There were no statistically significant differences between these two groups in the rate of intrauterine infection, duration of pregnancy,delivery mode,neonate weight and disability rate.Conclusion The using of telbivudine for pregnant women with HBeAg negative CHB can effectively control the hepatitis activation and reduce the virus titer.

Objective To establish an evaluation index system of electricity saving at general hospitals.Methods Based on civil building energy saving studies and in accordance with national regulations on hospital energy saving, the authors build an electricity saving index system for general hospitals.The indexes were reduced by the rough set theory, and their weight was determined by analytical hierarchy process and expert analysis.Results An electricity saving evaluation index system for general hospitals is so developed, consisting of six level-2 indexes and 27 level-3 indexes.Conclusions Such an evaluation index system can guide hospital electricity consumption and saving.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of electronic dental analgesia (EDA) device--Team Up Duo during ultrasonic scaling.

METHODSThe clinical trial was conducted as a randomized double-blind split-mouth design. Eighty-one patients requiring ultrasonic scaling were selected as subjects. Patients received treatment using the EDA device either in an active or an inactive state in paired quadrants. The patients scored their pain/discomfort levels with visual analog scale (VAS) after each procedure and filled a questionnaire.

RESULTSIn questionnaire, 79.0% patients felt EDA could relieve pain/discomfort during ultrasonic scaling. But the double-blind test showed that Team Up Duo was effective in 46.9% patients overall. The effective rate was 55.1% and 34.4% in groups with or without attachment loss, respectively. In CP group, the success rate of EDA was not statistically significantly different between the groups according to sex, age or site.

CONCLUSIONSWhen using Team Up Duo during ultrasonic scaling, most patients subjectively believed that it was effective for controlling pain. In fact, this EDA device was effective in partial patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Dental Scaling ; methods ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain ; prevention & control ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ; instrumentation ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; adverse effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the learning and memory ability, expressions of hippocampal N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) subunit NR2A and NR2B, and EphB2 receptor in fatigue rats, and to observe effects of Sini Powder, Shenghui Decoction, and Sihui Mixture on them.

METHODSThe central nervous system fatigue model was duplicated by paradoxical sleep deprivation for 168 h using multiple platform method. Experimental rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model group, the Sini Powder group, and the Shenghui Decoction group, ten in each. Corresponding medicines and distilled water were given to them by gastrogavage at 6, 30, 54, 78, 102, 126, and 150 h after sleep deprivation. Changes of the learning and memory ability were observed using Y maze. mRNA expressions of NMDA subunit NR2A and NR2B, and EphB2 receptor in fatigue rats were quantitatively analyzed using Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the Y maze correct percentage in the model group obviously decreased (P<0.05), mRNA expressions of NR2B and EphB2 obviously decreased (P<0.901), with no obvious change in NR2A. Compared with the model group, Sihui Mixture could obviously improve Y maze results and mRNA expressions of NR2A and NR2B, and EphB2 (P<0 01). No statistical difference was found between the Sini Powder group and the Shenghui Decoction group. Compared with the Sini Powder group, mRNA expressions of EphB2 obviously increased in the Sihui Mixture group (P<0 01). mRNA expression of NR2A could be more obviously increased in the Shenghui Decoction group than in the model group (P <0 01).

CONCLUSIONThe central nervous system fatigue could result in decreased Y maze results and gene expressions of hippocampal NR2B and EphB2. Sihui Mixture could improve rats' learning and memory ability, which might be possibly achieved through up-regulating mRNA expressions of hippocampal EphB2 and NR2B.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, EphB2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of lumbar posterolateral fusion versus circumferential fusion in the treatment of the lumbar disease.

METHODSSearched MEDLINE (January, 1966 to December, 2007), EMBASE (January, 1984 to December, 2007), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial (4th Quarter 2007), The China Biological Medicine Database (1984 to December, 2007), and hand searched several related journals, such as Spine, European Spine Journal, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Chinese Journal of Surgery, Chinese Journal of Orthopaedics, Chinese Journal of Spine and Spinal Cord, and so on. Searched the reviews, the clinical results and some other related studies on the two fusion techniques, and the quality of included trials was evaluated. Data were extracted by two reviewers independently with a designed extraction form. RevMan 5.0.5.0 software was used for data analysis of the fusion rate, the complication rate, the re-operation rate, the operative blood loss, the clinical outcome, and the operation time.

RESULTSFour randomized clinical trials (RCTs) involving 437 patients were included. The results of Meta-analysis indicated that in the fusion rate [OR 0.47, 95%CI (0.24, 0.94), P = 0.030], the complication rate [OR 0.53, 95%CI (0.32, 0.87), P = 0.010], and the operative blood loss [weighted mean difference (WMD) = -349.95, 95%CI (-561.64, -138.26), P = 0.001], the circumferential fusion group was significantly higher than the posterolateral fusion group. And in the re-operation rate [OR 2.28, 95%CI (1.30, 3.98), P = 0.004] the posterolateral fusion group was significantly higher than the circumferential fusion group. There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical outcome [OR 1.04, 95%CI (0.64, 1.68), P = 0.870] and the operation time [WMD = -90.24, 95%CI (-190.20, 9.71), P = 0.080].

CONCLUSIONSTo compare with the posterolateral fusion, the circumferential fusion can increase the fusion rate and reduce the re-operation rate, but it can also increase the complication rate and the blood loss. More high quality large-scale randomized controlled trials are required.

Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Spinal Fusion ; methods ; Treatment Outcome

In order to study genetic variation diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) strains in Shanxi,the genomic sequences of nine PCV2 strains including SXQX,SXCZ,SXTY2,SXJC,SXJX,SXLL,SXPY,SXPG and SXXY recently isolated from some areas of Shanxi from 2013 to 2016,was cloned,sequenced and received by GenBank.The amplified PCV2 genomic sequences,ORF2 sequences and Cap protein amino acid of these nine strains were analysed and compared with those of published 28 PCV2 strains by DNAStar,drawing phylogenetic tree.The results showed that the genomic sequences of SXJX,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 strains were 1 768 bp,and the others were 1 767 bp,which accounted for 33％ and 67％,respectively.The homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains were 94.7％-99.8％,the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 93.9％-99.9％,and the homologies of nucleotide sequences of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 95.1％-99.8％.The phylogenetic analysed that SXJX,SXJC and SXXY belonged to genotype PCV-2D,SXLL,SXPY and SXCZ belonged to genotype PCV-1C,and SXTY14,SXPG and SXQX belonged to genotype PCV-1A/1B.Thus it proved that the epidemic strain of PCV2 was mainly PCV-2b in Shanxi.The homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains were 90.0％-100.0％ and 87.1 ％-100.0％ respectively,the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the 28 isolates from different regions of the world PCV strain were 87.6％-100.0％ and 84.1％-100.0％ respectively,and the homologies of ORF2 nucleotide sequences and Cap amino acid of the nine strains with the domestic vaccine strains were 91.0％-100.0％ and 89.3％-100.0％ respectively.The Cap amino acids of SXQX,SXJX,SXTY14,SXPG,SXJC and SXXY PCV2 were 233,ORF2 of SXQX,SXTY14 and SXPG located at 1 033-1 734 bp,ORF2 of SXXY,SXJX and SXJC located at 1 033-1 734 bp,and the Cap amino acids of SXCZ,SXLL and SXPY PCV2 were 234,ORF2 of them located at 1 030-1 734 bp,in addition,the positions of 1 030-1 734 bp were more three bases TCA than other ORF2 genome sequence of 1 767 bp,resulting in increasing a K (Lys) of amino acid sequencein at the 234 position.Also Cap protein of 9 PCV2 strains showed more amino acid variation in addition to the only high-ly conserved glycosylation sites (NYS) (pp.143-145 amino acid).It provided theoretical basis for the PCV2 immune prevention of research in Shanxi,and the data of basic theory of molecular pathogenesis of PCV2.

Objective:To analysis the job preference and heterogeneity of medical students by distinguishing their birthplaces,and to provide reference for optimizing the management of primary health care resources.Methods:Using a cluster sampling method,an online survey of discrete choice experiment was conducted with 925 medical students from six teaching hospitals in Beijing,741 valid questionnaires were obtained,the effective recovery rate was 80.1%.The mixed logit model was used to perform regression analysis on six job attributes and estimate the willingness to pay.Results:There were significant differences in the choice of work location among medical students from different birthplaces.The subgroup results showed that compared to medical students from city,undergraduates from rural and county district preferred a work with sufficient career development opportunities.The results of undergraduate subgroup showed that undergraduates from rural district preferred a work with good environment than those from other birthplaces.Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in job preferences of medical students from different birthplaces.Policy makers should pay attention to the medical students'birthplace,also take the educational level into account to optimize the diversified job attributes,formulating targeted intervention to attract primary health care talents.