Objective To analyze the clinical data of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma and discuss the related risk factors.Methods The clinical data obtained from 109 cases of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed retrospectively.Results The most common ages of onset were 50-69 years.The course of canceration was usually 6-12 months,and most lesions occurred on the labia majora.The sizes of tumour were around 2-4 cm,and more than 90 ％ of lesions were well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas.According to 2009 FIGO new staging of vulva cancer,more patients were reclassified as stage Ⅰ B,while patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ became less.99 out of 109 patients also had nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva.The lesions mostly affected the labia majora and the labia minora,and 60 ％ of them were pathologically diagnosed as lichen sclerosus.Patients with nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva usually developed into vulvar carcinoma within 10-15 years.Conclusion The incidence of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is closely related with vulvar nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva.As the chronic nonneoplastic epithelial disorders of vulva increase the risk of vulvar cancer,periodic follow-up will help its early detection.

Objective To investigate the methylation status of the promoter of RASSF2A gene in the tissues of cervical cancer and its impacts in tumorigenesis.Methods Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and RT-PCR techniques were applied to detect methylation status of RASSF2A gene promoter region and RASSF2A expression in tissues of 62 cervical cancer and 30 normal cervical specimens,respectively.Results Methylation frequency of RASSF2A gene in cancer tissue was higher than that in normal tissue (53.2 ％ vs 13.3 ％,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expression of RASSF2A in cancer tissue were less than those in normal tissue significantly (0.254 3 ±0.102 7 vs 0.623 4 ± 0.063 8,t =0.932,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA expressed of RASSF2A gene was lower in methylated promoter group than that in unmethylated promoter group in cancer tissue samples significantly (0.118 2 ± 0.035 2 vs 0.301 2 ± 0.076 4,t =0.481,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Hypermethylation of RASSF2A gene in promoter region,which lead to the loss of RASSF2A gene expression,might play an important role in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.

Objective To detect the expression of serum soluble E?cadherin(sEC)before and after operation in breast cancer patients,and to ex?plore its clinical significance. Methods The levels of sEC in 42 patients with breast cancer and 18 patients with benign breast diseases were tested by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)before and after operation as well as in 30 healthy controls. Its correlation with clinical and patho?logical characteristics was analyzed. Results The levels of sEC in breast cancer patients before operation were significantly higher than patients with benign breast diseases and controls,which declined significantly after operation. Moreover,the levels of sEC in those with high clinical grading and lymphatic metastasis were also higher than in the ones with low grading and negative lymphatic metastasis(P<0.05). Conclusion The levels of sEC in breast cancer patients before operation are specific and closely related with pathological grade and lymphatic metastasis,which may be a pre?dictive factor for prognosis of breast cancer.

To observed the Clinical effect of ropivacaine (Rop) of different concentration used for analgesia of labor, and ex plore the ideal concentration and dosage. Methods: 45 case s of ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ primiparae nearing labor were vandomly divided three groups rand omly (0.16% Rop group, 0.2% Rop group were assigned 15 cases). The analgesia, in which the cervical os had opened up to 2-3cm; the controlled group was not giv en the analgesia of labor. BP, SpO2, EKG, PETCO2, cerrical contraction , fetal cardiac sounds were monitored continuously in the perinatal analgesia pe riod. The analgesia effects were determined by giving a mark for pain by VAPS, motor nerve blockings were given amark by Bromage scale; Apgar scale were conduc ted 1-5 min after neonates were labored out. Results: The vital signs of three groups were stable in perinatal; the VAPS scale was lower s ignificantly in observed group than in controlled group; while the blocking freq uency and extent of motor nerve were highest from 0.2% Rop, which had light inhi bitory effect to cervical contraction, causing the dosage of oxytocin to increas e relatively; the NACS scale 24 h after labor was more increased significantly in observed group than controlled group. Conclusion: The un ique blockings to sense and motor were obviously separate, having no obvious eff ect to blood stream of uterus and placenta, being benificial to analgesia in per inatal. The 0.16% Rop was a more ideal local anaesthesia agent than 0.2% Rop .

To investigate amethod which could prolong the efficient time of morphine and decrease side effect. Met hods:100 patients were randomly divided into four groups, receiving the different dispensation of analgesia. Analgesic solutions were given into epi dural space 510 minutes before operation was finished. Analgesic efficiency, efficient time, and side effects were recorded. esult: Sol utions diluted with hypertonia glucose injection might prolong the efficient time obviously (P＜0.01). When combined with bupivacaine or scopolamine the sid e effects were decreased. Conclusion: Morphine combined wi th bupivacaine or scopolamine diluted with hypertonis glucose injection, used in epidural analgesia, can bring longer efficient time and less side effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis treated by induced membrane technique combined with the antibiotic cement-coated locking plate.Methods A restrospective case series analysis was made on 71 cases of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis treated by induced membrane technique from September 2014 to September 2014.There were 55 males and 16 females, aged 18-60 years(mean, 37.4 years).Mean length of bone defect following debridement was 4.5 cm(range, 4-11 cm).Antibiotic cement-coated locking plates were used to provide the stability of the bone defects after one-stage debridement.Bone grafting and exchanging the plates with ntramedullary nails were done during the second-stage surgery.Parameters were monitored dynamically after operation to evaluate infection recurrence and bone healing, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), clinical features(sinus formation, redness and swelling, warmth and pain) and X-ray films of the involved limbs.Results All patients were followed up for 13-25 months (mean, 19.5 months).There was no sign of recurring infection and CRP and ESR were normal in all cases after the first stage surgery.However, four cases (6%) had recurrent infection with sinus exudates and their CRP and ESR were abnormal after the second stage surgery, and further treatments were carried out on these patients.Follow-up showed bony union in all patients within mean 5.5 months (range, 4-6 months).Conclusion Induced membrane technique with antibiotic cement-coated locking plates for treatment of post-traumatic tibial osteomyelitis can shorten bone healing time and decrease infection recurrent rate without obvious impact on osteogenic activity.

The cytolytic effect of perforin is a mechanism of anti-virus,killing microbial-infected cells and tumor cells.Perforin is a very important non-specific immune factors in fish.In order to understand the function of perforin,the cDNA of grass carp perforin C-terminal peptide was amplified from grass carp liver and kidney cDNA library.It contains a protein kinase C conserved region 2(C2).The cDNA was connected with pET32a,and transformed to expression bacteria DE3.PFP-C was expressed by a prokaryotic expression system and then purified by affinity chromatography.It showed a significant haemolytic activity when tested with rabbit red cells,the optimal pH for haemolytic activity was 7.5,and its haemolytic function dependents on Ca2+ apparently.

Aim To investigate effects of berberine (Ber) on the transport of P-gp substrates including cyclosporine A (CsA) and digoxin across Caco-2 and L-MDR cell monolayers. Methods Permeability coefficients and transport rates of digoxin and CsA across Caco-2 and L-MDR1 monolayers were measured in the presence of Ber(50 ?mol?L-1~5 mmol?L-1). Results The inhibition studies for digoxin transport showed a dose-dependent decrease in basal-to-apical direction across Caco-2 and L-MDR1 monolayers in the presence of Ber (50 ?mol?L-1~5 mmol?L-1). Both a dose-dependent decrease in basal-to-apical direction and an increase in apical-to-basal direction were observed for CsA transport across Caco-2 monolayers with different concentrations of Ber. The IC50 values calculated for Ber-induced inhibition of digoxin transport are 1.44 mmol?L-1 in Caco-2 cells and 1.24 mmol?L-1 in L-MDR1 cells, respectively. The IC50 value for Ber-induced inhibition of CsA transport is 607 ?mol?L-1 in Caco-2 cells. Conclusion It was suggested that the inhibition and saturation of P-gp transport activity might be involved in interactions between Ber and CsA.

Objective To study the effect of varicocele(VC) on the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1?(HIF-1?) and apoptosis-associated gene Bax in germ cells of adolescent rats,and investigate the mechanism of the infertility resulting from varicocele. Methods The varicocele model was established by partial ligation of the left renal vein in adolescent male Wistar rats. A total of 25 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups,namely varicocele group(n=15) and sham operation group (SOG,n=10). All the animals were killed 30 d after operation. The left testis was collected and the expression of HIF-1? and Bax was detected by immunohistochemical method. Results The expression of HIF-1? and Bax in left testis of varicocele group was significantly higher than that of sham operation group(P

Objective To explore the proliferative and apoptotic effect of 3 different siRNAs targeting survivin in human bladder cancer cell line EJ28. Methods Three siRNAs targeting survivin and 1 fluorescence-labeled siRNA as a negative control were chemically synthesized. Transfetion efficiency was observed under fluorescence microscope after transfecting the fluorescence-labeled siRNAs. EJ28 cells were divided into 6 groups: siRNA164 group, siRNA167 group, siRNA389 group, and negative control group, lipofectin group and cell control group. The proliferation of EJ28 cell was detected by MTT assay at 24, 48 and 72 h after the transfection. Apoptotic rate was detected by Annexin V-FITC-FCM assay at 48 h.Results All the sequence-specific siRNAs targeting survivin efficiently suppressed the proliferation of EJ28 cells. siRNA 164 had the most powerful effect because of its highest inhibitory rate of (41.32?2.54)% and the highest apoptotic rate of (13.20?0.25)% at 48 h after transfection. Conclusion RNAi targeting survivin has a potential value in the gene therapy of bladder cancer.