Objective To detect the expression and activation level of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) in synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Method Forty-six specimens including 17 RA, 24 osteoarthritis (OA) and 5 normal synovial tissues were subjected to RT-PCR to determine the mRNA level of NF-?B p65,p50,inhibitor of NF-?B (I?B),interleukin-1? (IL-1?) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9).Thirty-nine sections including 14 RA,21 OA and 4 normal synovium were subjected to immunohistochemistry to determine the expression level of NF-?B p65.Synoviocytes from 14 synovial specimens including 8 RA and 6 OA were cultured and the nuclear protein was extracted and reserved for western blot.Results The mRNA level of p65,IL-1(,MMP-9 were higher in RA group than that of control (P

Comprehensive and designed experiment is beneficial to improving and developing students' comprehensive quality and innovation ability.In the last two years,we have carried out the comprehensive and designed experiment of physiology among the seven-year program students,which combine book knowledge and clinics.It has proved that this teaching mode can not only help students master the knowledge systematically but also lay a good foundation for them to analyze the clinical problems.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine and tramadol on perioperative insulin resistance in patients undergoing radical resection of rectal carcinoma.Methods Sixty ASA I or II patients undergo-ing radical resection of rectal carcinoma were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =20 each):dexmedetomidine group (group D),tramadol group(group T),control group(group C).Group D was given dexmedetomidine intravenously at 1μg/kg 15min before induction of anesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of 0.5μg·kg -1 ·h -1 until the abdo-men was closed,and group T was given tramadol intravenously at 1.5mg/kg 15min before induction of anesthesia fol-lowed by a continuous infusion of 0.5mg·kg -1 ·h -1 until the abdomen was closed,whereas group C received the same volume of normal saline.Venous blood samples were taken at 30min before anesthesia induction(T1 ),1 h after the beginning of the operation(T2 ),1h after operation(T3 ),24h after operation(T4 )for determination of blood con-centrations of glucose(BG),insulin(INS),interleukin -6 (IL -6),tumor necrosis factor -α(TNF -α).Insulin resistance(HOMA -IR)and insulin sensitivity index(QUICKI)were calculated.The numbers of patients with PONV were studied respectively.Results The serum IL -6,TNF -α,BG,INS concentrations and HOMA -IR were signifi-cantly lower while ISI was significantly higher in both group D[t =7.71,3.37,8.78,8.73,11.45,2.82(T2 ),3.04, 2.95,12.75,10.73,16.09,2.92(T3 ),11.26,2.45,11.40,5.10,14.5,2.51(T4 ),all P <0.05]and group T[t =3.02,2.59,2.93,7.76,6.32,2.03(T2 ),8.78,2.27,4.14,8.83,7.68,2.12(T3 ),6.10,2.05,3.71,2.35,7.12, 2.09(T4 ),all P <0.05]at T2 ,T3 and T4 than those in group C.The serum TNF -αconcentration and HOMA -IR were significantly lower while ISI was significantly higher in group D[t =6.68,4.58,2.05 (T2 ),9.01,6.66,2.23 (T3 ),7.54,5.5,2.02(T4 ),all P <0.05]at T2 ,T3 and T4 than those in group T.The numbers of patients with PONV were significantly higher in group T than those in group D and group C (χ2 =26.13,18.75,all P <0.05 ). Conclusion Both dexmedetomidine and tramadol can attenuate perioperative insulin resistance in patients undergo-ing Radical Resection of Rectal Carcinoma,and the decrease the consentrations of IL -6 and TNF -αmay be involved in the mechanism.The roles of prevention of perioperative insulin resistance in dexmedetomidine group are superior to tramadol group.The incidence of PONV is less in a dexmedetomidine group than that in a tramadol group.

Carcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ; genetics ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Serine Endopeptidases ; genetics ; metabolism

A in vitro platelet aggregation bioassay was developed for the quality control of XST capsules. The in vitro anti-platelet aggregation effect in rats was observed to detect the bioactivity of XST capsules. Panax notoginseng saponins and Xuesaitong lyophilizedpowder for injection were taken as standard control substances to determine the potency. According to the results, XST capsules showeda significant inhibitory effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The in vitro anti-platelet activity oflyophilized powder for injection was stabler than that of Panax notoginseng saponins, and so suitable to serve as a standard control substance. The biological potency of XST capsules compared with standard control substance was detected by using parallel line assay. According to the results, the established bioassay method had a good repeatability (RSD 2.92%). The sample test results could pass thereliability test(linear deviation P > 0.05, parallel deviation P > 0.05). This bioassay method could be used as one of the complementary quality control methods for XST capsules.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Male ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins ; pharmacology

Cannula ; Catheters ; Drainage ; Duodenal Diseases ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula/surgery*

Objective:To analysis the job preference and heterogeneity of medical students by distinguishing their birthplaces,and to provide reference for optimizing the management of primary health care resources.Methods:Using a cluster sampling method,an online survey of discrete choice experiment was conducted with 925 medical students from six teaching hospitals in Beijing,741 valid questionnaires were obtained,the effective recovery rate was 80.1%.The mixed logit model was used to perform regression analysis on six job attributes and estimate the willingness to pay.Results:There were significant differences in the choice of work location among medical students from different birthplaces.The subgroup results showed that compared to medical students from city,undergraduates from rural and county district preferred a work with sufficient career development opportunities.The results of undergraduate subgroup showed that undergraduates from rural district preferred a work with good environment than those from other birthplaces.Conclusion:There is heterogeneity in job preferences of medical students from different birthplaces.Policy makers should pay attention to the medical students'birthplace,also take the educational level into account to optimize the diversified job attributes,formulating targeted intervention to attract primary health care talents.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the dynamic changes of myocardial matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities in mice with viral myocarditis (VM) and their relationships with cardiac function and myocardial collagen amount and to explore the role of MMPs in the pathologic lesion of VM.

METHODSSixty-five six-week-old male DBA/2 mice were obtained from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. They were divided into two groups randomly. Mice in infected group (n=50) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.14 ml of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3, Nancy strain). Control mice (n=15) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.14 ml of Eagle's solution. Eight infected mice were sacrificed on day 3, 7, 10, 21 and 30, respectively and fifteen control mice were killed on day 30 after inoculation. Total protein concentration was determined according to the method of Bradford, while MMPs activities were measured with SDS-PAGE type substrate gels embedded with type I gelatin (zymography). Echocardiographic studies were performed under anesthesia with 3% chloralhydrate intraperitoneally (0.01-0.015 ml/g). Cardiac systolic function indexes, such as peak velocity of aorta (Vp) and flow velocity integral of aorta (Vi) were determined by echocardiography. Histological cross sections of hearts were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and myocardial histopathologic scores were counted under optical microscope. Myocardial collagen amount was measured by determination of hydroxyproline quantification.

RESULTSIn virus-infected mice, both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were increased significantly compared with those in controls and reached the peak on day 10 (P < 0.01). On day 10, cardiac systolic function indexes (Vp and Vi) were all significantly lower than those at other stages after virus inoculation and in control group (P < 0.05). There was no obvious elevation in myocardial collagen amount in mice with VM at acute stage (P > 0.05). While the myocardial collagen amount in infected group at recovery stage (on day 21 and 30) increased significantly compared with controls. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities positively correlated with myocardial histopathological scores, respectively (r =0.801, 0.821 P < 0.01), while they negatively correlated with Vp (r = -0.649, -0.683, P < 0.01) and Vi, respectively (r = -0.711, -0.755, P < 0.01). However, Vp and Vi negatively correlated with myocardial histopathological scores (r = -0.756, -0.584, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIn mice with VM, the activities of myocardial MMP-2 and MMP-9 at acute stage increased significantly, then myocardial collagen amount elevated in recovery stage. These changes were associated with myocardial remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial MMP activities are important markers of myocardial pathologic lesion. They are of value in the evaluation of the severity of myocardial damage and cardiac dysfunction in mice with VM.

Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Coxsackievirus Infections ; complications ; Disease Models, Animal ; Echocardiography ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred DBA ; Myocarditis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; virology ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Systole ; Ventricular Dysfunction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Ventricular Remodeling

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ursolic acid (UA) on T-cell proliferation and activation, as well as to examine its effect on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in T cells.

METHODST-cells isolated from BALB/c mice were incubated with UA at concentrations ranging from 5-30 μmol/L in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or PMA plus ionomycin. The proliferation of T cells was measured by the MTT assay. The expressions of CD69, CD25, and CD71 on T-cell surface were analyzed using flow cytometry. The level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the culture supernatant of activated T cells was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The level of phosphorylated IκB-α (p-IκB-α) in total protein and p65, a subunit of NF-κB, nuclear translocation were measured by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSUA in a dose-dependent manner significantly decreased the proliferation and inhibited the surface expressions of CD69, CD25, and CD71 in murine T lymphocytes upon in vitro activation (P<0.01). Significant reduction of IL-2 production was found in activated T cells treated with UA (P<0.01). The PMA-induced increase in p-IκB-α protein was inhibited, and nuclear translocation of p65 from the cytoplasm was blocked by UA.

CONCLUSIONUA is a potent inhibitor for T cell activation and proliferation; these effects are associated with the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Animals ; Cell Nucleus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-2 ; secretion ; Ionomycin ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; drug effects ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; secretion ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; pharmacology ; Triterpenes ; pharmacology