Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; pathology ; Subcutaneous Tissue ; pathology

Malnutrition is common among patients with liver disease, and its severity directly influences the short-term survival. As an important approach for chronic liver disease, nutritional support is especially necessary for long-term rehabilitation and treatment. Many methods (e. g. direct human body measurement, biochemical indicator determination, immunological indicators, nutrition assessment tools, and human composition determination) can be applied for the nutritional status evaluation. Based on the specific disease condition and the patient's tolerance, nutritional supports (with proper nutritional substances and administrative route) should be provided individually.

Bleeding Time ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; Humans ; von Willebrand Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the refraction change and nursing character in myopic amblyopia during the perceptual learning treatment. Methods Refraction of 54 children (98 eyes) with myopic amblyopes were selected,which were selected from the amblyopia clinic between 2007 and 2009, the spherical diopter, astigmatism and spherical equivalent were collected before and after perceptual learning,the refractive dynamic was compared according to the degree of amblyopia. Results The spherical average annual growth of myopic amblyopia during treatment was 0.52D, the growth of astigmatism was 0.03D;the spherical equivalent average annual growth was less than 0.50D accounted for 57.14%. The dynamic changes of spherical or SE of mild, moderate and severe amblyopia had significant difference, but the cylinder had not significant difference in change. Conclusions The treatment of perceptual learning in patients has little effect on the growth of refraction in myopic amblyopia, however, it is still necessary to pay close attention to refraction changes of in myopic amblyopia in the course of treatment.

Adolescent ; Aminolevulinic Acid ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Porphyria, Acute Intermittent ; physiopathology

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of combining four-channel electrical stimulation with electroacupuncture of the antagonistic muscles in treating post-stroke spastic foot drop.Methods:Ninety stroke survivors with spastic foot drop were randomly divided into a control group, an electrical stimulation group and an observation group, each of 30. In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the electrical stimulation group was given four-channel electrical stimulation for 4 weeks, the electrical stimulation was delivered with a pulse duration of 200μs and an intensity of motor threshold at 30Hz, while the observation group also received electroacupuncture of the antagonistic muscle. Before and after the treatment, the three groups were evaluated using the clinical spasticity index (CSI). Stride frequency, stride length, and the supporting and swing phases on the affected side were also measured. Electromyography (EMG) was also conducted.Results:After the treatment, the average CSI scores of all groups had decreased significantly, with that of the observation group significantly lower than the electrical stimulation group and control group′s averages. The average gait descriptors of the three groups had also improved significantly, with significantly greater improvement in the observation group than in the other two. The average H reflex latency was significantly longer and Hmax/Mmax was significantly smaller in all three groups, but the observation group′s average values were again significantly better than those of the electrical stimulation group.Conclusion:Electroacupuncture of the antagonistic muscle enhances the effectiveness of four-channel electrical stimulation in relieving foot drop symptoms and improving gait after a stroke.

BackgroundSmad4,a key intracellular mediator in transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)signaling,plays a critical role in the normal development of many tissues/organs.However,its functional role in the development of lacrimal gland has rarely been reported.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the role that Smad4 may play in the development of lacrimal glands using Smad4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice( C57BL/6 mouse line),MethodsSmad4 in lacrimal glands,as well as in the lens,cornea and ectoderm of the eyelids,was conditionally inactivated by the Pax6 promoter-driven Cre transgenic mice and Smad4 conditional gene mice,LacZ reporter was used to visualize the developing lacrimal gland by X-gal staining,and standard histological approaches were used to reveal morphological changes.Six or more mice or embryos in each group were used for comparisons at the same stage.ResultsLacZ staining showed that E15.0,Smad4 CKO mice could still develop primary lacrimal bud,but much shorter than the wild-type ones.At E16.5,the primary lacrimal bud in wild-type mice began branching,but no branching was found in Smad4 CKO mice except that the primary lacimal bud became blunt at the tip.At E18.0,although Smad4 CKO mice develop some acini,the branching and size and number of acini were obviously less than ones in Smad4 wild-type mice.Based on histological findings,lacrimal glands in Smad4 CKO mice developed slowly,and the size was considerably smaller,and the numbers of lobes as well as the numbers of acini were much fewer than those of Smad4 wild-type mice lacrimal glands at various stages.Pigment and adipose tissue were also observed within the lacrimal glands starting from P7 in Smad4 CKO mice and increased with age growing.Lacrimal glands in mutant adult mice were eventually replaced by adipose tissue and accumulation of pigments.Conclusions These results support the notion that Smad4 is essential for the normal development and maintenance of the mouse LG and may be involved in the metabolism of pigment and adipose tissue in LG.

1 ?mol?L-1,and it was defined as "delayed" MTX elimination.Intra-patient variability in C48 was significant(P=0.000).Risk factors that correlated with increased C48 of MTX were boys,abnormal urine routine tests within 1 week before infusions,concurrent infections within 2 weeks before infusions,and co-administration of ceftriaxone(P

Objective:To analyze the correlation factors between peripapillary duodenal diverticulum (PDD) and choledochectasia by CT scan.Methods:The clinical data of 220 patients with duodenal diverticulum detected by multi-slice spiral CT scan and confirmed by gastrointestinal angiography or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Dahua Hospital, Xuhui District of Shanghai City were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation of the PDD, the contact of common bile duct (CBD), length of contact and exudation with choledochectasia in patients with PDD were analyzed.Results:A total of 236 duodenal diverticulum were found in 220 patients. Among them, there were 152 PDD, 41 diverticulum located superior to the duodenal papilla, 28 diverticulum located inferior to the duodenal papilla, 3 diverticulum located lateral to the duodenal papilla, and 12 diverticulumlocated in the horizontal portion. The incidence of choledochectasia in patients with PDD contacted with CBD was significantly higher than that in patients with PDD not contacted with CBD: 59.35% (73/123) vs. 37.93% (11/29), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); the incidence of choledochectasia in patients with contact length of PDD and CBD ≥1.5 cm was significantly higher than that in patients without contact of PDD and CBD and patients with contact length of PDD and CBD <1.5 cm: 82.43% (61/74) vs. 24.49% (12/49) and 37.93% (11/29), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05); the incidence of choledochectasia in PDD patients with exudation was significantly higher than that in PDD patients without exudation: 10/11 vs. 52.48% (74/141), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The patients with contact length of PDD and CBD ≥1.5 cm and patients with PDD combined with exudation could be prone to choledochectasia.

The article summarized the workflow of instructional design by using ADDIE model.The model is a recirculation of assessment,design,development,implementation and evaluation,by which the quality of education can be improved continuously.After the initial assessment it was found that the model can basically reach the general goal for training the junior doctors.For the problem of residents' irregular study and great difference of individual clinical skills,some suggestions for improvement were made.It included adjusting the time and content of training,individualized teaching,reforming examination form and increasing objective measurement to assess the effectiveness of training.All of them can effectively improve the effectiveness of basic surgical training in surgical school.