Objective To analyze the epidemic situation of human brucellosis in Qinghai province,in order to provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods Five counties in Qinghai province(Ping'an county,Haiyan county,Tianjun county,Dari county and Henan county) were selected as monitoring counties in 2010,and three or four townships were selected as monitoring points in each county.People aged 7 to 60 close contacted with livestock were monitored.The methods of rose bengal plate agglutination test(RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test (SAT) were used for serological testing.Brucellosis diagnosis was based on Brucellosis Diagnostic Criteria(WS 269-2007).Results A total of 2021 high-risk subjects from 5 counties were examined for brucellosis,and 76(by RBPT) of them were serologically confirmed with a positive rate of 3.76％ (76/2021),SAT positive 15 persons,the average positive rate was 0.74％ (15/2021).The number of infections was 15 cases,average prevalence was 0.74％(15/2021 ),and 3 new eases were discovered.The seasonal peak of incidence was from February to June.Most of the eases were reported dealing with slaughtering and fur processing.Conclusions The main reasons for epidemic rise are that the source of infection is not completely clear and weak awareness of self-protection in employees.So we must strengthen the quarantine,do surveillance on occupational groups and epidemic reporting work,carry out vocational training,strengthen publicity and education,and enhance the protection awareness.Thus brucellosis epidemic will be effectively controlled.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheotomy ; methods ; Young Adult

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Phytotherapy ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic ; etiology ; therapy

Wuzhuyu Tang is a classical formula for treating migraine, but its' pharmacological ingredients is unclear yet. Present study employed the everted intestinal sac model to collect the absorption samples of 10 kinds of Wuzhuyu decoction, and then analyzed the contents of 9 ingredients in Wuzhuyu Tang and absorption samples quantitatively or semi-quantitatively by HPLC-DAD method. Reserpine was used to establish the mice model of migraine, and then the contents and activities of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline, dopamine, nitric oxide and nitricoxide synthase in brain tissues and serums were determined respectively after oral administration of Wuzhuyu Tang. Using the partial least squares regression method to correlate the total absorption quantity of 9 ingredients and pharmacodynamics. The result shows that limocitrin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside, ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1, rutaevine, limonin, evodiamine and rutaecarpine are the main ingredients influenced the effects in absorption samples in everted intestinal sacs, especially ginsenoside Rg1, rutaevine, evodiamine and rutaecarpine among them have obvious improving effects to most pharmacodynamics index, might be the pharmacological ingredients influenced the therapeutical effects of Wuzhuyu Tang treating migraine.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Intestines ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Migraine Disorders ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of telbivudine treatment in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B to block mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODSMedline and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched for studies of HBV, mother-to-child transmission, and telbivudine. Of the 68 potentially relevant publications, eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conformed to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following data extraction, a meta-analysis was carried out with RevMan5.1 software.

RESULTSSeven of the eight RCTs were in Chinese, and the remaining study was in English but carried out at a Chinese site. The RCTs comprised a total of 678 subjects, including 352 cases and 326 controls. Infants born to telbivudine-treated mothers had a significantly lower rate of HBsAg positivity and HBV DNA positivity at birth than the control group of infants (odds ratio (OR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.43, P less than 0.00001; OR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.32, P less than 0.00001). Infants born to telbivudine-treated mothers also had significantly lower rates of mother-to-child transmitted HBV at 6 months (OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.22, P less than 0.00001; OR = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.25, P = 0.0003) and 12 months (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.56, P = 0.007; OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.37, P = 0.001) after birth. The pre-telbivudine treatment levels of HBV DNA were not significantly different between pregnant women in the telbivudine-treated group and the control group (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.24, P = 0.04), but the HBV DNA levels were significantly lower in the telbivudine-treated group of pregnant women prior to delivery (OR = -3.92, 95% CI: -4.90, -2.95, P less than 0.00001). There was no evidence of telbivudine treatment being associated with more adverse side effects or complications during pregnancy or in the infant (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 0.68, 4.38, P = 0.25; OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.04, 11.24, P = 0.80).

CONCLUSIONTelbivudine treatment effectively and safely prevents mother-to-child transmission of HBV from chronically infected mothers with a high degree of infectivity late in pregnancy.

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; virology ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Thymidine ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use

ObjectiveTo find incidence rate of no-suicide self injury (NSSI) of junior school students in Dalian city,and to provide some evidences for interventions for them.MethodsRandomly drawn out 1463 junior school students were served as study objects.All objects were evaluated with Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI) and self-made investigate questionnaire,75 no-suicide self-injury were screening out.ResultsThe incidence ratio of NSSI of junior school students was 5.4％,there were no significant different between the male and female students.The highest incidence ratio was found at 13 years old.The average age for first-time self-harm was (12.24±1.344) years old.There were no significant different between the male and the female students( t=- 1.415,P =0.163 ) ; Cutting Skin was the most common way of NSSI ( 12.0％ ) ; Ideation of 80％ of the NSSI was from their Own Idea.2.7％ of the NSSI can Feel Relief through NSSI behavior.93％ of NSSI was to regulate their mood.100％ students of NSSI against NSSI behavior byReading Books or Listening Music,in which 60％ of NSSI believe the method was helpful to relax their mind.78.5％ of the NSSI resisted NSSI behavior by Watching TV or Playing Games,but they did not get enough effects.60％ NSSI considered themselves without the need to treat.41.3％ of NSSI had never been to treat.2.5％ of NSSI went to hospital for the wound.ConclusionNSSI is often be found in junior school students,and highest ratio is at 13 years old.The most common method of NSSI is Cutting Skin.More NSSI aim is to release their emotion,and self-injury behavior accordance with their inner thoughts.NSSI behavior often is secret,and reading and listening to music is cut off from the relative effective way to conduct.NSSI are seldom to initiative doctor,and education organ,parents and society in a three-dimensional one of the system is necessary.

Background Human limbal allograft transplantation or limbal autograft transplantation are the primary approaches to the severe corneal-blindness,but their application in clinic were limited because of the defects of donor material.With the development of tissue engineering technology,transplantation of in vitro cultured limbal epithelial stem cells is being an advanced management.Objective The aim of this work was to expand human limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo under the guidance of confocal microscope and to lay the foundation for fabricating ex vivo cultured cell sheets.Methods Ten eyes of ten patients were examined with the Heidelberg Retina Tomography Ⅲ Rostock Cornea Module(HRT3-RCM)to elucidate the structure of the human corneoscleral limbus and to correlate limbal epithelial dimensions.According to the analysis of the images of limbal epithelia,the limbal tissues provided by Eye Bank of Henan Eye Institute were cut into suitable explants.Then,this study was conducted to expand limbal epithelial stem cells ex vivo on denuded amniotic membrane.The phenotypes of primary cultured cells were evaluated by morphology and immunofluorescent staining with antibodies for limbal epithelial stem cell markers (p63,cytokeratinl9)and differentiation markers(keratin 3,involucrin).This experimental procedure was approved by the Ethic Committee of Henan Provincial People's Hospital.The written informed consent was obtained from subjects before initiation of any examination.Results The palisade morphology of human limbus was imaged clearly on the laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy and many hyperreflective cells were observed in palisade basal cells.The cell-island phenomenon was seen in the basement membrane under the laser scanning in vivo confocal microscopy.The oblique sections of limbus showed many papilla-like epithelial columns below the superficial limbal epithelia.Throughout the experiment duration,the epithelial cells grew well with the migration rates from limbal tissue (68.62± 16.94)％ and the migration time(5.83 ±2.04)days,which depended on the tissue freshness.Compared with the second and forth batch of tissue,the migration rates of the third and sixth batch of tissues were significantly higher(P＜0.05),and the migration time was evidently longer in the forth and sixth batch of tissue compared with the first,second,third and fifth batch(P＜0.05).The positively expressing rates in the cultured corneal stem cells were 4.05％ and 36.52％ for p63,26.07％ and 40.55％ for CK19,57.88％ and 40.81％ for K3,64.66％ and 59.19％ for involucrin.Conclusion Human limbal epithelial stem cells can be successfully and purposefully obtained from the limbal tissue based on the guidance confocal miscroscope.The cultured corneal stem cells can grow well on the denuded amniotic membrane

Axons ; chemistry ; Myelin Sheath ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

In this study, superfine comminution technique was applied to destroy the cell wall of the Panax notoginseng, and then the influence of the particle sizes and the content of effective composition of the P. notoginseng powders were learned, comparing with the common powders. Superfine comminution technique was used for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 h, respectively and the particle sizes, unifirmity were regarded as the evaluation index. Then, the sizes of the powders was measured that were crashed with different time by Malvern Mastersizer 2000 + Scricco 2000 and the total content of ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, notoginsenoside R1 in the superfine powder of P. notoginseng were determined by HPLC-ELSD. Finally, the powder that crashed for two hours possess the more uniform in sizes that is at cell level, D50 is about 9.599 microm, the size distribution was presented as one peak, the other three samples were two peaks. The total content of the three saponins in the four samples that crashed for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 h by superfine comminution technique were 7.7%, 7.5%, 7.5%, 8.3%. However, the total content of the three ingredients in the common powder was 5.0%. This investigation indicated that superfine comminution technique has remarkable effect on particle size and uniformity of the common powder of P. notoginseng. By comparing the superfine powder and common powder, it was found that the method obviously improved the total content of the saponins and provided a basis for reducing dosage of notoginseng in clinical application, but the content and the crashed time were not the linear relationship. The crashed time can be chosen by combining with the demand partical sizes in the production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study rDNA ITS sequence differences between F type and that of H type of Dendrobium officinale in main habitat of China.

METHODThe population differences of the rDNA ITS region (including ITS1, ITS2, 5.8S) sequences of D. officinale were studied by the method of DNA sequences analysis.

RESULTThere were two different sites between the rDNA ITS sequence of F type and that of H type. One was in ITS1 region, and the other was in 5.8S region. It was proved that there was some relativity between the character of rDNA ITS region and the life type of the populations. The phenomenon of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) existed in 5.8S region of rDNA ITS region between F type and H type. The sequences of rDNA ITS region of D. officinale were reported for the first time, and the sequences of ITS region ranged 634 bp (ITS1 231 bp, ITS2 240 bp, 5.8S 163 bp).

CONCLUSIONThe analysis of rDNA ITS of D. officinale deeply reveal the population differences of D. officinale of F type and H type.

Base Sequence ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal ; genetics ; Dendrobium ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity