Animals ; Aorta ; pathology ; Apolipoproteins E ; deficiency ; Atherosclerosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonum ; chemistry ; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

Axons ; chemistry ; Myelin Sheath ; chemistry ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objective To screen differentially expressed genes in placentas with hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection and to discuss the molecular mechanism of HBV intrauterine infection.Methods Thirty placenta tissue specimens from HBsAg and HBV DNA positive pregnant women were used as the study group and 30 placenta tissue specimens from normal pregnant women with HBsAg and HBV DNA negativity were served as the control group.The suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH)technique was used.Total RNAs of placenta tissue of the study group were mixed as the tester,and total RNAs of placenta tissue of the control group were mixed as the driver.A subtractive cDNA library was constructed by PCR-selective cDNA subtraction systems.Amplifications of the library were carried out with E.coil strain DH5? by reverse spot hybridization.RT-PCR confirmed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)was up-regulated in placenta tissue with HBV infection.Results Colony PCR showed that the clones contained 200-1000 bp inserts. Thirty five clones were confirmed by reverse spot hybridization and analyzed by sequencing and bioinformatics.Thirty three known genes and 2 genes with unknown function were obtained.RT-PCR preliminarily confirmed that PI3K gene was up-regulated in HBV infected placenta.Conclusions The differentially expressed genes in placentas with hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection using SSH technique has been screened out successfully.These differentially expressed genes encoding proteins participating in cell vital metabolism and malformation,and signal conduction-antiapoptosis pathway.This finding brings some new clues for studying the mechanisms of HBV intrauterine infection.

Objective: To establish a mouse hepatocellular carcinoma cell line that can produce mMIP-1α and to evaluate the possibility of cancer gene therapy by mMIP-1α. Methods: mMIP-1α cDNA was cloned into retrovirus vector pBabe puro and pBabe puro-mMIP-1α was constructed, then pBabe puro-mMIP-1α was used to transfect packaging cells, anti-puromycin cells was proliferated, the supernatant was used to infect hepa1-6, the anti-puromycin clone (hepa1-6 mMIP-1α) and hepa1-6 were analysed for the expression of mMIP-1α mRNA and protein by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively. The growth curve of hepa1-6 and hepa1-6 mMIP-1α was drawn. The chemotaxis of mMIP-1α produced by hepa1-6 mMIP-1α to mouse spleen cells was observed on agarose gel. C57B/L mouse was inoculated with the tumor cell and the tumorigenicity was studied. Results: Recombinant retrovirus vector pBabe puro-mMIP-1α with mMIP-1α cDNA was constructed. Hepa1-6 did not produce mMIP-1α mRNA and protein, while hepa1-6 mMIP-1α could produce mMIP-1α mRNA and protein. The growth curve of hepa1-6 and hepa1-6 mMIP-1α showed no difference. The chemotaxis of mMIP-1α produced by hepa1-6 mMIP-1α to mouse spleen cells was observed. The tumorigenicity was reduced. Conclusion: A mouse hepatocellular carcinoma Hepa1-6 mMIP-1α is established and mMIP-1α can affect the tumorigenecity of hepa1-6.

OBJECTIVETo construct the body mass index (BMI) reference data and curves for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years of age.

METHODSData from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005. Height (length was measured for children under 3 years) and weight data of 93,702 urban healthy children from nine cities/provinces used to calculate the BMI. The LMS method was used to smooth the BMI, with estimates of L, M, and S parameters, values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated, and then standardized growth charts were generated. Adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 18 years was used to study the cut-offs for children 2 to 18 years of age.

RESULTSThe smoothed percentiles and Z-scores reference data and curves of BMI-for-age for boys and girls aged 0-18 years were made out respectively. BMI cut-off values for overweight and obesity for children from 2 to 18 years of age were also defined. At 18 years, the BMI values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off (> or =24 kg/m2) and obesity cut-off (> or =28 kg/m2) for Chinese adults. Comparison with the reference of the WHO and 2000 CDC for the United States, there were some difference among them, at the 97th percentile curve there was a big difference between Chinese and U. S. adolescents. On the whole, the China BMI curve for boys was higher than the new WHO curve and lower than 2000 CDC at 97 percentile curve, but the China BMI curve for girls was lowest among the three curves. There was also significant difference between China and Japan BMI values at 97 percentile curve.

CONCLUSIONBMI growth curves are very useful in child growth monitoring and nutritional surveillance, discovering overweight and obesity. The BMI growth charts are recommended for use in pediatric clinic and public health service.

Adolescent ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Body Weights and Measures ; standards ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Obesity ; epidemiology

OBJECTIVETo construct the height and weight growth charts for Chinese children and adolescents from birth to 18 years for both clinical and preventive health care uses.

METHODSData from two national representative cross-sectional surveys which were The National Growth Survey of Children under 7 years in the Nine Cities of China in 2005 and The Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students in 2005. The data from 94,302 urban healthy children were used to set up the database of length/height (length was measured for children under 3 years) and weight. The LMS method was used to smooth the growth curves, with estimates of L, M, and S parameters, values of percentile and Z-score curves which were required were calculated, and then generated standardized growth charts.

RESULTSThe 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th smoothed percentiles curves and -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3 Z-scores curves of weight-for-age, length/height-for-age for boys and girls aged 0-18 years were made out respectively. Comparison with the new WHO growth charts and 2000 CDC growth charts for the United States, the results showed that there was some big difference in weight and height among the three growth charts. For boys under 15 years of age and girls under 13 years of age, the China curves are slightly higher than WHO and CDC curves, but after those ages, the China curves fall behind and the difference became larger as age progresses. At the age of 18 years, the Chinese children are 3.5 cm shorter in boys and 2.5 cm shorter in girls as compared with the U. S. children. The difference in weights are very large for the school children, especially in girls. The weight of Chinese boys was 5.9 kg less than that of the U. S. boys at 18 years, and the difference was much bigger in girls, the weight of U.S. girls between 8 to 18 years was 4.1-20.5 kg more than that of Chinese girls at the same age range.

CONCLUSIONThe new growth charts of height and weight were based on national survey data and therefore are recommended as the China national growth standards for use in pediatric clinics and public health service. Application of the charts will promote child growth monitoring, discovering early growth disorder, and will be useful to diagnosis of diseases and assessment of therapeutic effects.

Adolescent ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Body Weights and Measures ; standards ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Reference Standards

OBJECTIVEThe present study was designed to explore the practical application of the rapid etiological diagnosis by detecting specific IgM antibody against common respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI).

METHODClinical specimens including nasopharyngeal aspirates and serum of acute phase from hospitalized children were collected from 207 infants and children with acute lower respiratory infections from March 2009 to September 2010. Seven common respiratory virus antigens were identified from the collected nasopharyngeal aspirates by direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA). ELISA was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB and PIV, while indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used to detect specific IgM antibody against RSV, ADV, IFVA, IFVB, PIV1, PIV2 and PIV3 in collected acute phase serum.

RESULTThe overall positive rates to detect viral antigen by using DFA, ELISA and IFA was 67.6%, 57.5% and 39.6%, respectively. The consistent rate of ELISA and IFA versus accepted DFA were 21.7% and 31.4%, respectively. The average days from onset of the symptoms to blood sample collection for those with the consistent results by ELISA and DFA were 12.0 d for ADV, 9.6 d for PIV2, 9.5 d for IFV, and 5.3 d for RSV, respectively, and by IFA and DFA were 15.0 d for PIV3, 9.2 d for ADV, and 7.4 d for RSV, respectively. Among all age groups, the consistent rate of serum viral IgM and antigen detections was highest in children younger than 3 years old.

CONCLUSIONAlthough there were differences between serum IgM antibody and viral antigen detections, specific IgM antibody detection was of value in early and rapid etiological diagnosis of pediatric ALRI, especially for young children. It could provide serologic evidence of respiratory virus infection. The diagnostic rate of pathogen could be improved if it was used in combination with viral antigen diagnostic methods.

Antibodies, Viral ; analysis ; blood ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens, Viral ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; analysis ; blood ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; RNA Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; immunology ; virology ; Sensitivity and Specificity

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous triggers of the RNA interference pathway. Studies have shown that thousands of human protein-coding genes are regulated by miRNAs, indicating that miRNAs are master regulators of many important biological processes, such as cancer development. miRNAs frequently have deregulated expression in many types of human cancers, and play critical roles in tumorigenesis, which functions either as tumor suppressors or as oncogenes. Recent studies have shown that miRNAs are highly related with cancer progression, including initiating, growth, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, miRNAs are shown to be responsible for the cancer-related inflammation, anti-cancer drug resistance, and regulation of cancer stem cells. Therefore, miRNAs have generated great interest as a novel strategy in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Here we review the versatile roles of miRNAs in cancers and their potential applications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment as biomarkers.
Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Inflammation ; genetics ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; physiology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; Oncogenes ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methods of preoperative diagnosis and differentiation of different pathological tissue in middle ear and mastoid.

METHODSThe temporal bone lamellar CT findings in 106 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (including cholesteatoma) were retrospectively analyzed. The CT value of pathological tissue were measured for 183 times and were compared with the surgical findings and postoperative pathological findings to definitude the CT value range of different pathological tissue. Sixty patients taken from 106 patients at random were analyzed and made the diagnosis again by the same doctor team according to the CT value of the different pathological tissue and surrounding histoclasia resulted by pathological tissue. The diagnose accordance rate was compared with the routine diagnose report from radiology department. The predetective diagnosis was made in 10 patients with chronic suppurative otitis media according to clinical manifestation (pathological changes of tympanic membrane, nature of otorrhea, character of hearing), temporal bone lamellar CT finding (CT value of pathological tissue, surrounding histoclasia) to validate the value of this study for preoperative diagnosis and differentiation of different pathological tissue in middle ear and mastoid.

RESULTSThe CT value of cholesteatoma, granulation tissue, cholesteatoma combined with granulation tissue, effusion, calcified tissue, thickened and polypoid membrane was respectively (46.6 +/- 10.3) Hu, (26.6 +/-7.4) Hu, (42.1 +/- 11.4) Hu, (- 24.6 +/- 9.2) Hu, (223.6 +/- 63.7) Hu, (23.8 +/- 8.5) Hu. The diagnose accordance rate in 60 patients who were analyzed and made diagnosis again according to the CT value of the different pathological tissue and surrounding histoclasia resulted by pathological tissue raised from 68. 3% to 81.7% ( P < 0.05) . The predetective diagnose accordance rate reached at 90% according to clinical manifestation, temporal bone lamellar CT.

CONCLUSIONSIt was not reliable to diagnose and differentially diagnose different pathological tissue in middle ear and mastoid only by the CT value, however, the CT value could still be considered to be a very significant information. The accurate rates of diagnosis and differentiation of different pathological tissue in middle ear and mastoid obviously raised by synthetically analyzing various kinds of pathological tissues in middle ear and mastoid according to clinical manifestation, temporal bone lamellar CT finding.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Otitis Media, Suppurative ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of Jinshuibao Capsule (JC) combined losartan potassium on some indices of early renal damage of hypertension patients of yin and yang deficiency syndrome (YYDS), such as levels of serum cystatin C (Cys C), beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), uric acid (UA), blood pressure, blood lipids, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), and to explore their protective effects on early renal damage of hypertension patients and on the metabolisms of blood lipids and blood glucose.

METHODSTotally 106 hypertension patients of YYDS were randomly assigned to two groups, 53 patients in the control group (treated by losartan potassium) and 53 patients in the treatment group (treated by JC + losartan potassium). The treatment lasted for 16 weeks. The serum changes of UA, Cys C, beta2-MG, hs-CRP, blood lipids [including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)], and FBG levels were measured to evaluate the renal protective effects and to assess their effect on the metabolisms of blood lipids and blood glucose.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased in the two groups after treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was not obviously declined in the two groups after treatment, showing no statistical difference. Compared with before treatment in the same group, the LDL-C level decreased obviously after treatment in the control group. But there was no obvious change in FBG, TC, HDL-C, and TG in the control group, showing no statistical difference when compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). The FBG, TC, and LDL-C obviously decreased in the treatment group more obviously after treatment than before treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference when compared with the control group after treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, the levels of UA, Cys C, beta2-MG, and hs-CRP all decreased in the two groups, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The SCr level decreased in the treatment group more obviously after treatment than before treatment, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the levels of Cys C, beta2-MG, and hs-CRP decreased more obviously after treatment in the treatment group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSJC combined losartan potassium showed better effects in treating early renal damage of hypertension patients of YYDS. They could protect and stabilize the renal functions more effectively. JC could regulate blood lipids and blood glucose.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Kidney ; pathology ; Losartan ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Yang Deficiency ; drug therapy ; Yin Deficiency ; drug therapy ; beta 2-Microglobulin ; blood