Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a group of chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by sustained airflow limitation and pulmonary function damage.Inflammation and tissue repair repeatedly result in airway remodeling.Now the mechanisms of airway remodeling remain unclear.More and more researches indicated that epithelial mesenchymal transition ( EMT) is crucial in the airway remodeling of COPD.EMT could be induced by various cell factors and signal channels in the airway epithelium, thus the airway remodeling happened.This review systematically introduces EMT and focuses on the relationship of EMT and airway remodeling of COPD and the probable mechanisms.

Objective To investigate the inter-arm invasive blood pressure differences during hip replacement in patients with lateral position and its relationship with position.Methods Sixty-six patients having underwent hip replacement in orthopedic surgery with lateral position were enrolled.Invasive blood pressure measurements were obtained from bilateral radial artery in all patients every 5 minutes.Simultaneously bilateral invasive blood pressure measurements were obtained and compared.Results At supine position,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the uninjured side were (128.16 ±20.09),(69.47 ± 8.64) and (89.03 ± 10.42) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa);systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the injured side were (127.90 ± 20.44),(69.86 ± 8.81) and (89.21 ± 10.71) mmHg.There was statistical difference in inter-arm diastolic pressure (P ＜ 0.05),but inter-arm systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure had no statistical differences (P ＞ 0.05).At left-lateral position,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the uninjured side were (129.12 ± 21.93),(69.23 ± 8.92) and (89.19 ± 11.35) mmHg;systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the injured side were (129.01 ± 21.72),(69.51 ± 9.02) and (89.34 ± 11.35) mmHg.There was statistical difference in inter-arm diastolic pressure (P ＜ 0.05),but inter-arm systolic pressure and mean arterial pressure had no statistical differences (P ＞ 0.05).At right-lateral position,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the uninjured side were (128.78 ± 20.34),(69.54 ± 9.06) and (89.29 ± 10.82) mmHg;systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure of the injured side were (128.27 ± 20.56),(70.00 ± 9.09) and (89.43 ± 10.89) mmHg.There were statistical differences in inter-arm systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (P ＜ 0.05),but inter-arm mean arterial pressure had no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The bilateral radial artery blood pressure difference under different positions was ＜ 1 mmHg,and had no clinical practical significance.There was no correlation between blood pressure and age,sex,body mass index.Conclusion Bilateral radial artery in the same patients with invasive blood pressure has no clinical difference,and patients with lateral position operation for radial artery puncture pressure need not consider the differences of blood pressure between arms.

Objective For arising recognition to HIE of neonate.We made a summary and a retrospective studied to CT material of 130 cases for neonate suffering HIE,combined with clinical diagnosis and documents.Methods 130 cases for neonate suffering HIE diagnosed by CT and clinic,all underwent unenhanced CT scan.Results Appearance of HIE:Normal involved 1～4 brain′s lobe,often involved frontal lobe;can be accompanied by kinds of intracranial hemorrhage;can be accompanied by infarction.Conclusion Among HIE cases,hypoxia and ischiemia were cause and result each other;difference among clinical symptoms and CT apearances are possible;the neonate with moderate and sereve asphyxia can be accompanied by intracranial hemorrhage more easier;to the injury of parasagittal region,CT and USG can not make a diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the distribution of magnetic nanoparticle embedding Paclitaxel in vivo and its curative effect on lung cancer in mice model.METHODS:The magnetic lipsomes containing Paclitaxel and the Paclitaxel liposomes were injected into caudal vein of mice,and which were exposed to magnetic field of 0.5T.The concentrations of the two drugs in different organs were determined.The lung cancer model was established in mice and the therapeutic efficacy of the different drugs on tumor was evaluated by comparing the weight of mice before and after administration.RESULTS: In the mice treated with magnetic liposome containing Paclitaxel,the drug concentration in lung which was exposed to magnetic field was significantly higher than that in the others sites,and a steady state concentration was reached quickly in lung after administration,but gradually in other organs.In the mice treated with liposomes containing paclitaxel,a steady state concentration was reached gradually in lung.The tumor control rate was 27.53% in mice treated with magnetic liposome containing Paclitaxel plus magnetic field intervention,significantly higher than in the control group.CONCLUSION: The result shows that magnetic targeting drug delivery is an effective drug delivery system,by which,the drugs can aggregate to the target site in large quantity which may lead to a reduced distribution of drugs in non-target sites.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the clinic manifestations and the electromyogram changes in patients with chronic N2hexane intoxication. Methods The clinic manifestations, the electromyography and nerve conduction velocities were analyzed in 9 patients with N2hexane intoxi2 cation. Results The main clinical manifestations of the disease were acroparesthesia and asthenia, especially in legs. The abnormality rate of electromyography in patients with N2hexane intoxication was 100%. The conduction velocity of the sensory nerve and the motor nerve decreased at a rate of 33.33% and 88.89% respectively. The distal latencies were prolonged( 100% ). The denervated electromyogram was 33.33%. Conclusion The main clinical manifestations of the disease were Peripheral neuropathy. The chronic N2hexane intoxication mainly led to the imparement, especially in the distal region of the motor nerve in legs,and the damages of the nerve could be related to the duration of exposure to N2hexane.

Objective To analyse the differences between idiopathic and symptomatic childhood epilepsy with occipital patoxysms. Methods The medical records of 38 patients with interictal spikes and/or sharp waves over occipital areas,posterior temporal-parietal areas,or both were retrospectively analysed.Epidemiological data,ictal symptoms,electroencephalogram,neuroimaging studies,treatment response and prognosis were compared using chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test. Results Four patients of idiopathic group had positive family history related to nervous system.Seizures were more frequent in symptomatic group than in idiopathic group.Both groups showed autonomic symptoms,while ictal vomiting and deviation of eyes were more common in the presence of Panayiotopoulos type.The prognosis of idiopathic group was much better than that of symptomatic group. Conclusion Panayiotopoulos syndrome is more common.Neurologic deficits and electroencephalographic characteristics are major factors to predict seizure remission in children with occipital lobe epilepsy.Idiopathic childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms may result in better prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: Aim to construct a novel polymer gene delivery system based on a new kind of dendrimer-polyamidoamine (PAMAM). With the modification of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and YPSMA-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb), PAMAM-PEG-mAb was successfully synthesized as a novel gene vector targeting to the prostatic cancer. METHODS: NMR was used to characterize PAMAM-PEG-mAb. The cellular uptake and prostatic cancer (PCa) distribution experiments were employed to explore its biological characteristics and PCa cell (PC3 and LNCaP) targeting ability. RESULTS: NMR results demonstrated the successful synthesis of PAMAM-PEG-mAb. The cellular uptake of vectors was concentration-dependent. The gene expression in vitro indicated that the modification of mAb could increase the gene expression efficiency and PCa targeting ability of PAMAM vectors to LNCaP ( PSMA overexpressing prostate cancer cells). CONCLUSION: PAMAM-PEG-mAb is a potential gene delivery vector targeting to PCa. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Objective: To examine the effects of metronomic chemotherapy with UFT on vasculogenic mimicry(VM) formations in nude mice bearing MKN-45 gastric cancer cells and explore the possible mechanism. Methods: The tumor-bearing mouse model was established. UFT-based metronomic chemotherapy was performed. The efficacy and adverse reaction were observed. The number of VM was counted by HE and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. The expression of CD31 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results: MKN-45 tumor cells expressed CD3 endothelium-related molecules and formed PAS-positive vasculogenic mimicry. UVF-based metronomic chemotherapy markedly inhibited the formation of VM. But UFT at maximum using dosage had no inhibitory effects on VM formations. Conclusion: Metronomic UFT chemotherapy inhibits VM formations by MKN-45 gastric cancer cells.

Objective: To assess endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in the peripheral blood of SGC-7901, MKN-45, Huh-7 and U87 xenograft in BALB/c nude mice, and to show whether circulating EPCs (CEPs) can serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarkers to determine the optimum biologic dose (OBD) of metronomic UFT. Methods: The tumor-bearing animal models were established. After mice were treated with UFT and CTX, circulating EPC (CEPs) was measured by flow cytometry and microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated in parallel by immunohistochemistry. Results: We found increases in the levels of CEPs in nude mice with SGC-7901, MKN-45, Huh-7, and U87 xenograft compared with control group (P < 0.05). The nude mice with MNK-45 xenograft were treated with various low-dose of UFT continuously. The OBD of UFT chemotherapy against angiogenesis was determined as 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1 as measured by CEP detection. The nude mice were nearly dead after treatment with UFT at maximum tolerable dose for 1 week. The CEP increased significantly compared with control group (P < 0.05). Assessment of CEPs can determine the OBD of metronomic UFT. Maximum tolerable dose and low-dose metronomic chemotherapy of UFT have opposite effects on the mobilization of CEPs. The nude mice xenografted with MNK-45 were treated with UFT and CTX at low dose continuously. We found that there was correlation between changes in CEPs and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis as measured by microvessel density (r = 0.998, P = 0.044). Conclusion: Detection of CEPs can determine the OBD and antitumor effects of metronomic chemotherapy of UFT.

Objective To analyze the association between type 2 diabetes and lung cancer and study their clinical features.Methods 76 lung cancer patients admitted in Shengjing hospital from June 2006 to June 2008 and their neighbors(or their colleagues)were enrolled to conduct a 1∶1 matched case control study.Results 27.63% of lung cancer patients had type 2 diabetes.Adenocarcinoma was the most common type associated with type 2 diabetes,accounting for 47.62%.There was no statistical significance in ages and gender between cases and their matched control.The symptoms of type 2 diabetes with lung cancers were not typical.Conclusion Type 2 diabetes is significantly correlated with lung cancers.The incidence of type 2 diabetes in lung cancer patients is higher than that in subjects without lung cancers.Early diagnosis and strict blood glucose control are critical for good prognosis.