Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases of Tec family.It plays an important role in growth,proliferation,differentiation and signal transduction of B lymphocyte.After activation of B-cell receptor (BCR) by diverse stimuli,Btk is activated through tyrosine phosphorylation.Activated Btk can stimulate several downstream signaling proteins.Btk and BCR signaling pathways play important roles in initiation and maintenance of B cell malignancies.This review focuses on the recent findings in association of Btk and B cell malignancies.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenfuyishen Capsule in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy of yangxuxueyu type in high- altitude regions.Methods We divided 53 patients randomly into two groups:31 in the observation group and 22 in the control group.Patients in the control group were treated with conventional regime of Western Medicine.Those in treatment group were given extra treatment with Shenfuyishen Capsule.Then we tested serum creatinine (Scr ),uric acid (UA),urinary microalbumin (MALB )and GFR. Results The total efficiency was 90.32% and 81.82% in the treatment group and the control group,which was significantly different (P < 0.05 ).Major symptoms improved after treatment in both groups,which differed significantly compared with those before treatment (P <0.05).ALT in the treatment group was not different after treatment.CR,UA,MALB and GFR significantly differed before and after treatment in both groups,especially in the treatment group (P <0.05).Conclusion Shenfuyishen Capsule helps improve major clinical symptoms and decrease CR,GFR,UA and MLAB levels in patients with diabetic nephrology,thus protecting renal function and delaying the process of diabetic nephropathy.

Lentiviral vectors (LV),a special member of retroviral vectors,has become hot in gene therapy research.Studies have shown that LV can make exogenous gene expressed stably in tumor cells.As a tool for transportation,LV plays a significant role in the gene therapy of digestive system,hematologic system and gynecological tumor,which provides a promising new way for neoplasms gene therapy.

Objective To determine the antagonism of dizocilpine maleate(MK-801) and taurine to glutamate metabolism disturbance induced by methylmercury(MeHg) in cerebrum.Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups.The first group was the control group,the second one was low dose MeHg-exposed group and the third was high dose MeHg-exposed group,these three groups were given physiological saline respectively.The fourth group was subcutaneously injected with 0.3 ?mol/kg of MK-801 and the five group was subcutaneously injected with 1 mmol/kg of taurine.Two hours later,the control group was intraperitoneally given physiological saline,the second group was intraperitoneally given 4 ?mol/kg of methylmercury chloride,the third,fourth and five groups were given 12 ?mol/kg of methylmercury chloride.The administration above was given five times a week for 4 weeks.The contents of mercury and Glu and Gln and the activities of GS and PAG in pallium were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the activities of PAG and the contents of mercury and Glu in MeHg-exposed groups increased significantly,the activities of GS and the contents of Gln decreased significantly.Compared with high dose MeHg group,in MK-801 and taurine treated groups,no significant differences were seen in the contents of mercury,and the contents of Glu,the activities of PAG were decreased significantly,the contents of Gln and the activities of GS were increased significantly.Conclusion Methylmercury can disorder glutamate metabolism in cerebrum of rats,and MK-801 and taurine can effectively counteract the adverse effects of methylmercury.

Objective To observe the adverse effect of methylmercury on the cortex and cerebellum respectively as well as to approach the antagonisms of dextromethorphan(DM) and riluzole to the mercury-induced neurotoxicity.Methods Twenty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups by weight,7 in each.The first group was the control group and the second group was methylmercuric chloride(MMC) group.The third and fourth groups were DM and riluzole group respectively.Both of the former groups were subcutaneously injected with saline.The third and fourth groups were subcutaneously injected with 13.5 ?mol/kg DM and 21.35 ?mol/kg respectively every other day.Two hours later,the animals in the control group were intraperitoneally given the injection of saline.From the second to fourth groups were injected with 12.0 ?mol/kg MMC.The administration of MMC above was given five times a week(from Monday to Friday),for 4 weeks as well as the administration of DM and riluzole every other day before injected with MMC(on Monday,Wednesday and Friday).Twenty-four hours after the last injection,7 rats in each group were sacrificed.The contents of Hg,Ca2+-ATPase in the cerebellum were determined.Results In MMC group,the contents of Hg,Glu and the content of Gln were decreased,the activities of SDH,Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase were decreased compared with the control group.Compared with MMC group,in DM and riluzole groups,the contents of Hg,Glu decreased,the content of Gln increased,moreover,the activities of SDH,Na+-K+-ATPase and glutamate(Glu),glutamine(Gln) in the rat cortex and the activities of SDH,Na+-K+-AT Pase and Ca2+-AT Pase increased significantly.Conclusion "Glu-Gln Cycle" can be destroyed by MMC,DM and liluzole present some antagonistic effects on MMC-indused neurotoxicity in rats.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Platelets ; cytology ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; blood ; Male ; Platelet Count

Objective: To evaluate the role of folic acid supplementation in prevention of colorectal adenoma recurrence. Methods: Weconducted computer search of the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trails, Pubmed, Embase, CBMdisc and CNKI. Hand search of relevant journals and conference proceedings was also conducted. Based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials(RCT) about folic acid in treatment of patients after adenoma resection were included in the present study. After evaluating the quality of studies, meta-analyses were performed by RevMan 5. 0. 24 software for the pooled recurrence risks of colorectal adenoma and progressive colorectal adenoma. Results: A total of 6 RCT studies, including 2,002 patients, were enrolled in this study. The results of meta-analysis showed that the recurrence risks of colorectal adenomas were not significantly different between folic acid supplementation and placebo groups [RR=0.97, 95%CI(0.79, 1.19), P = 0.76]; but there were significant differences in the risks of progressive adenomas between the two groups[RR=1.33, 95%CI (1.01, 1.74), P = 0.04]; and this effect of folic acid supplementation appeared when 1 mg/d folic acid supplementation was applied for ≥3 years [RR=1.49, 95%CI(1.07, 2.09), P = 0.02]. Conclusion: Folic acid supplementation fails to reduce the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence, and it might increase the recurrence risk of advanced adenoma.

Objective To study the expression of PTEN,Fas and DCR3 in human gastric cancer and evaluate their effects on carcinogenesis,cell proliferation,invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma,as well as clinical significance.Methods The expression of PTEN,Fas and DCR3 were detected by immunohistochemical method (streptavidin-peroxidase) in the tissues of 75 primary gastric carcinomas and 15 gastric ulcers.Results The positive expression rate of DCR3 in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in normal tissues,and the expression of PTEN and Fas was obviously lower than that in normal tissues (P<0.01).The expression of DCR3 was negatively correlated with Fas and PTEN respectively (r=-0.720,P<0.001; r=-0.336,P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between PTEN and Fas.The expression of PTEN,Fas and DCR3 was closely correlated with lymph node metastasis,clinical stage,histological differentiation grade and tumor depth of gastric cancer,but not related to sex,age and tumor size (P>0.05).Conclusion PTEN,DCR3 and Fas have mutual restrictive relationships in the process of invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.Detecting the expression of PTEN,Fas and DCR3 in gastric cancer is helpful to judge the malignant biological behavior of gastric cancer at a different angle,which may be considered as reliability index in clinic diagnosis,judging curative effect and monitoring the prognosis of gastric carcinoma.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of titanium elastic intrameduUary nail (TEIN)in treatment of pediatric radial neck fractures. Methods A total of 16 children with radial neck fractures were treated TEIN from February 2008 to February 2010.Long arm cast immobilization was used one week postoperatively and functional exercise was done after removal of the external fixation.Results All the patients were followed up for average 5.3 months (3.5-14.0 months),which showed the average period of bony union for 5.8 weeks(4-7 weeks).Except for one patient who aroused skin soft-tissue irritation symptoms at the nail end,no other complication was found.The range of motion of the elbow and forearm in injury side of all patients Was the same as the normal side. Conclusions The application of TEIN has advantages of minimal invasive lesion,nil effect on pheseal plate,good fracture union,rapid functional rehabilitation and little compliations and hence is one of ideal choices in treatment of pediatric radial neck fracture.

BACKGROUND:Intertrochanteric fractures can be generaly treated by surgical treatment. Along with deep research on the biomechanics of the proximal femur, proximal femoral locking compression plate appears recently. The locking plate fixation is not strong, can reduce the local stress shielding, and maintain optimal system stability, but fracture fixation failure often occurs due to the inappropriate choice of nail plate. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of digital orthopedics technology in preoperative planning in locking plate fixation for intertrochanteric fracture. METHODS: Forty intertrochanteric fracture patients receiving CT tomography femur upper segment were selected and divided into two groups. In the conventional group, after reading X-ray films and CT images, patients received locking plate fixation. In the computer planning group, before repair, fracture model was established using Mimics software to segment fracture fragments, simulate operation reset and 3-matic software was used to reconstruct locking plate and screws. Locking plate was assembled with Mimics to obtain the best plate position, best screw angle and screw length. Proximal femoral locking compression plate fixation was performed. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and fracture healing time were compared in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional models of proximal femur were reconstructed, and a series of data were obtained. The optimal position of each plate was obtained from each patient. The screw length was predicted, so preoperative operation planning was realized. Al patients were folowed up for 6-20 months. Fluoroscopy times, operation time, and blood loss were significantly less in the computer planning group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in fracture healing time was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that digital orthopedics technology used in intertrochanteric fracture can simulate the locking plate position, determine the screw placement angle and length of the screw in advance, and reduce fluoroscopy times, operation time, blood loss and screw position misalignment.