A complete explanation of the new idea,grounds,spirit,inner-contradiction of the 3 major documents in the new framework of epileptic knowledge re-defined by International League Against Epilepsy was made in accordance with the International League Against Epilepsy original articles.And the different recognition about them nowadays existed among our nerologists was also deeply explored.

Objective To evaluate the effect of bifidobacterium-mediated CTP-NPRL2 on the growth and apoptosis of nude mouse renal carcinoma.Methods Recombinant plasmid pET15b-CTP-NPRL2 was constructed and transfected into bifidobacterium by electroporation,and then the expression of fusion protein CTP-NPRL2 was verified by Western blot.The nude mouse renal carcinoma model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of renal carcinoma cells suspension.The nude mice with renal carcinoma were equally and randomly divided into the observation group and control group(8 mice in each group).The mice in the observation group were treated with bifidobacterium containing recombinant plasmid pET15b-CTP-NPRL2 through tail vein injection,and the mice in the control group were treated with normal saline.All mice were treated once a week for four weeks,and then executed for evaluating the weight of mice and bearing tumors.Finally,the apoptosis of renal carcinoma was detected by TUNEL staining.Results The mass of nude mice was(26.24±1.98) g in the observation group and(23.28±2.17) g in the control group.The mass of bearing tumors was(1.37±0.12) g in the observation group and(1.68±0.18) g in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The TUNEL detection results showed that the apoptosis index of renal carcinoma cell in the observation group(23.27±5.14)％ was significantly higher than that in the control group(10.37±2.58)％,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Bifidobacterium-mediated CTP-NPRL2 has an inhibitory effect on the renal carcinoma growth of nude mouse,and significantly increases the apoptosis of renal carcinoma cells.

Objective To investigate the concentration of 17β-estradiol in bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and different tissues of rats, and study the function of estradiol produced in extragonadal sites prelimi-narily. Methods (1) The concentration of 17β-estradiol in lysate of BMSCs and in supernatant cell culture media were detected by Elisa method after rats BMSCs were serum-free cultured in 0 h , 24 h and 48 h respective ly . (2) The tissues of organs were grinded and broken under ultrasonic wave , then washed and weighed. The con-centration of 17β-estradiol in different tissues was detected by Elisa method. Results Compared with the concen-tration of 17β-estradiol at 24 h, the concentration of 17β-estradiol at 48h significantly increased (P < 0.05). The concentration of 17β-estradiol among different tissues were higher, but the difference is not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions (1) 17β-estradiol can be secreted by BMSCs , and the concentration is proportional to the time to some degree. But whether the extragonadal estrogen can function locally is still unclear. (2) The concentration of 17β-estradiol is non- gonad dependent but whether it is secreted locally remains to be elucidated. The non- gonad estrogen could be the estrogen source of bone metabolism in order to sustain bone health after menopause.

Whether or not an abormal expression of IL-6 mRNA in PBMNCs from IDDM patientswas examined using a hihgly sensitive,specific and semiquantitative protocal,i.e.reverse tran-scription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The relative levels of IL-6mRNA in PBM-NCs from 12 early IDDMpatients (8.20?3.85yr),29 newly diagnosed NIDDM patients(54.85?9.12yr)23 normal childrens (8.20?3.26yr) and 12 normal adults (31.92?11.22yr)weredetermined.Significantly high expresion levels of IL-6 mRNA were found in PBMNCs from pa-tients with IDDM (P

Objective To estimate the exposure level of PM2.5,CO and O_3 in the elders in a community in Beijing.Methods The concentrations of PM2.5,CO and O_3 in 10 main activity sites of the elders were measured and 24 h time-activity data of 30 elders was collected by recording of activity log paper,Nov.28,2007—Jan.17,2008.Results The 24 h average exposure concentrations of PM2.5,CO and O_3 for the elders were(146.54?6.60)?g/m~3,(2.67?0.18)mg/m~3 and(32.30?2.79)?g/m~3, respectively,there was no significant difference in the exposure level of PM2.5 and O_3 between male and female elders except CO (P

Background Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a newly discovered member of globin superfamily.It is thought to regulate cell survival under hypoxia or oxidative stress condition.Ngb is expressed at a high level in retinal neuron,suggesting that retina may be one of important functional sites of Ngb.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of endogenous Ngb on retina ganglion cells (RGCs) following chronic high intraocular pressure(IOP)in mice and the underlying mechanisms.Methods This study included the in vitro and in vivo experiment.RGCs derived from adult C57BL/6J wild type(WT) mice and Ngb-transgenic(Ngb-Tg) mice which cultivated by our laboratory were incubated with 5.0,7.5,10.0 mmol/L glutamic acid for 3 days.RGCs survival rate was calculated for the ration of dead and survival cells using a double labeling kit to evaluate the influence of Ngb on RGCs survival rate in the addition of glutamic acid.Chronic ocular hypertension models were established by injection of fluorescent microballon(MB) (10 μm)into the anterior chamber of WT mice and Ngb-Tg mice,The mice were divided into WT control group(n=18),Ngb-Tg control group(n=30),WT+MB single injection group(n=38),Ngb-Tg+MB single injection group (n =38),WT+MB twice injection group (n =6) and Ngb-Tg + twice injection group (n=6).In addition,WT+PBS injection group (n =6) and Ngb-Tg+ PBS injection group (n =6) were designed as negative controls to identify if it can affect IOP or not.The mice were sacrificed on 0 day(control group),3 days and 1,4,8 weeks followed the MB anterior chamber injection.Real-time PCR,Western blot and immunoytochemistry were used respectively for the analysis of the expressions of Ngb mRNA and protein in mouse retina,and the survival rates of RGCs were compared between the two types mice.Dihydroethidium (DHE) in retina was detected after cardiac perfusion and ATP level in mouse retina homogenate was analyzed.Results The RGCs survival rate was significantly higher in Ngb mice compared with WT mice in 5.0,7.5 and 10.0 mmol/L glutamic acid treatcd groups (t =2.810,3.020,3.110,P＜ 0.01).IOP of WT+ MB single injection group and Ngb-Tg+ MB single injection group were elevated in comparison with the WT control group and WT+PBS injection group and the high IOP remained for 4 weeks.Ngb level was raised in the WT+MB single injection group on the third day following injection,but the Ngb concentration remained a high level in the Ngb-Tg mice during the period of the experiment duration.The RGCs apoptosis rate was elevated both in the WT mice and Ngb-Tg mice 1,4,8 weeks after injection of MB,however,the cell apoptosis rate was higher in WT mice than that of Ngb-Tg mice(P＜0.05).DHE content in retina in the Ngb-Tg+MB single injection group was significantly lower than that in the WT+MB single injection group (t =3.212,P=0.008),and ATP content in retina was elevated in the Ngb-Tg+MB single injection group compared with WT+MB single injection group(t =2.864,P＜0.01).Conclusions It is suggested that Ngb might be a neuroprotective molecules against RGCs death by decreasing oxidative stress and improving mitochondria function.

Cerebral venous and sinus Thrombosis (CVST) is a rare ischemic cerebrovascular disease,the lesions of 60% patients are involved in multiple venous sinus,of which the superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is most common.The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of CVST has not yet been fully elucidated,and the establishment of stable and ideal animal models can provide a basis for the study of its development,prognosis and efficacy assessment.This article summarizes the characteristics and advantages of several available CVST models,but each method has its own limitations.Therefore,the establishment of a more ideal animal model will help to fully understand the pathogenesis and pathological process of CVST.

Objective To explore the effect of whole renal perfusion imaging removal of arterial phase data on perfusion parameters of renal clear cell carcinoma using Revolution CT.Methods Perfusion imaging with Revolution CT was retrospectively analyzed in 10 patients with pathologically proven clear cell renal cell carcinoma.The z-direction coverage model was used in perfusion imaging,and the images were analyzed with CT Perfusion 4D software.All images were analyzed twice.All 23 phases data was included in group A and only 16 phases except arterial data (9-15 phases) were selected in group B.The abdominal aorta on the level of right hilus was chosen to be the input artery,and the perfusion parameter maps were obtained,including blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),mean transit time (MTT),permeability of surface (PS).Every perfusion parameters of lesions and contralateral normal cortex,lesions and normal cortex in both groups were compared.Results The BF and PS of lesions were lower than those of normal cortex in both groups (both P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in BV and MTT between lesions and normal cortex in both groups (all P＞0.05).There was no statistical difference in all perfusion parameters of renal clear cell carcinoma between group A and group B (all P＞0.05).The difference of BF in normal cortex between the two groups was statistically significant (P 0.009),and the difference of the PS,BV,MTT had no statistically significant (all P＞0.05).Conclusion When the duration time of renal CTP is 600 s,there is no difference between including and excluding arterial phase in all perfusion parameters of renal clear cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of glutathione (GSH) in preventing oxaliplatin-in-duced peripheral neurotoxicity(OIPN),and to provide evidence-based reference in the clinic. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic efficacy of GSH vs. placebo/no any measures (called placbo group) or other drug in preventing OIPN were retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,CJFD,Wanfang database and VIP. Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation with Jadad scale. RESULTS:18 RCTs were in-cluded,involving 1200 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that:total incidence of oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral neurotoxicity (OICPN)[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.59,0.87),P<0.001] and the incidence of severe OICPN [RR=0.50,95%CI(0.42, 0.60),P<0.001] in GSH group were significantly lower than placebo group,with statistical significance;there was statistical signif-icance in the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral neurotoxicity(OIAPN)[RR=0.89,95%CI(0.72,1.09),P=0.25]. The incidence of severe OICPN in GSH group was significantly higher than mecobalamine group,with statistical significance [RR=2.06,95%CI(1.07,3.99),P=0.03]. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of OICPN[RR=1.38,95%CI(0.83,2.31), P=0.21] and severe OICPN [RR=1.91,95%CI(0.85,4.30),P=0.12] between GSH group and Ca+Mg mixture group. CONCLU-SIONS:GSH can effectively prevent the occurrence of OICPN,however,its therapeutic efficacy is equivalent to Ca+Mg mixture and inferior to mecobalamine in preventing severe OICPN.