Objective To study on the association of apolipoprotein E(apoE)genotype with coronary heart disease(CHD)and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods PCR-RFL,multiplex amplification refractory mutation system(muli-ARMS)and PCR-SSCP methods were used to detect the genotype of apoE,and DNA sequencing technique were used for further confrm the genotype and gene variations in 2 446 Chinese individuals,including 238 cases of CHD,316 cases of T2DM and 1 892 healthy controls.Fasting blood glucose(FBG)and plasma lipids levels[TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,apoA I,apoB and Lo(a)]were measured by usual methods.Results Compared with the controls,plasma HDL-C(t=2.66)and apoA I(t=2.30)levels in the CHD group were significantly lower(P<0.05),but not in T2DM group;plasma TC level(t=5.22)in the T2DM group were significantly higher(P<0.05),but not in CHD group;systolic pressure(t=8.48,5.74)diastolic pressure(t=5.66,3.35),plasma TG(t=3.38, 4.56),LDL-C(t=2.48,7.00),apoB(t=1.67,2.24),Lp(a)(t=4.16,4.15)and FBG(t=7.04, 16.93)levels were significantly higher in both CHD group and T2DM group(P<0.05).The distributions of apoE ε2/2,ε2/3,ε3/3,ε2/4,ε3/4 and ε4/4 respectively were 0.4%,13.4%,58.0%,1.3%, 26.5%,0.4% in the CHD group;0.6%,5.7%,72.8%,1.9%,14.9%,4.1% in the T2DM group; 0.5%,10.5%,69.6%,1.6%,16.8%,1.1% in the control group.Significant differences were found between the CHD group(χ2=14.90,P=0.00),T2DM group(χ2=7.08,P=0.03)and the control group for the frequencies of apoE genotype.The distribution of ε3/4 was higher(26.5% vs 16.8%)and ε3/3 Was lower(58.0% vs 69.6%)in the CHD group.In the T2DM group.the distribution of εε4/4 Was higher (4.1% vs 1.1%),and 2 cases of ε3/3 with Arg 150 His mutation in exon 4 of apoE gene were firstly reposed in China,which is none in the CHD and control groups.Conclusions The results suggested that apoE ε3/4 and ε4 genotypes might be associated with the susceptibility of CHD and T2DM.respectively. To some extent,apoE ε3/3 may not be a good genotype for T2DM because of the Arg 150 His mutation. Blood pressure and plasma lipids could be used for diagnosis of the two diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of analyzing acylcarnitine in dry filter-paper blood spots by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) which could be applied to detect inborn errors of metabolism in neonates.

METHODSWe obtained filter-paper blood from 26 dead infants from a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) between October 1, 2008 and September 30, 2009. Acylcarnitine and amino acid profiles were obtained with LC-MS/MS. Four infants underwent routine autopsy. The postmortem blood specimens were compared with newborn blood specimens, and with specimens obtained from older infants with metabolic disorders.

RESULTSOf all the 26 patients, 5 (19.2%) were diagnosed as having different kinds of diseases: 3 with methylmalonic acidemia (the concentration of C3, and the ratio of C3/C16, C3/C2 increased), 1 with maple syrup urine disease (the concentration of leucine and isoleucine increased), and 1 with isovaleric acidemia (the concentration of C5 increased).

CONCLUSIONSPostmortem metabolic test can explain infant deaths and provide estimates of deaths attributable to inborn errors of metabolism in NICU. LC-MS/MS is suitable for analysis of postmortem specimens and can be considered for routine application in NICU autopsy.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; blood ; diagnosis ; Autopsy ; Carnitine ; blood ; Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice. Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse (n=80) by using a punch biopsy. The mice were assigned randomly into two groups, with 40 animals in each group: a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma; a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally. Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (POD) 4, 7, 10 and 14 (n=5 per group in each POD) by percentage of wound closure. The mice was euthanized on POD 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 and 35 (n=1 in each POD). The wounds were removed, routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded, sectioned and HE-stained. A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds. The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group, earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7, and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD 7 (P<0.05). The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group (P<0.05). The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10 (P<0.05 for all). The count of bacterial colonies was 10(3) CFU/mL on POD 4 and <20 CFU/mL on POD 7, significantly lower than that in control group (10(9) CFU/mL on POD 4 and >10(12) CFU/mL on the POD 7) (P<0.05). It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colonization.

Objective: To understand sexual and reproductive health knowledge, access to sexuality education and associated factors among secondary vocational school students in Shanghai Municipality and Shaanxi Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for conducting sexuality educaiton in vocational schools. Methods: A crosssectional survey was conducted among 3 180 students in grades 1-3 selected by cluster sampling during April to June 2021 in six secondary vocational schools from three cities of Shanghai and Shaanxi (Shangluo, Ankang, Baoji). Participants were investigated through online questionnaire survey, inlcuding demographic characteristics, household information, sexual health at home and school, knowledge on sexual and reproductive health. Both t test and Chisquare test were used for group comparisons, and multivariate ordial Logistic regression was used to explore possible risk factors for sexual and reproductive health score in quartiles. Results: Respondents average score was (51.36±21.61), with the highest score on sexual harassment/sexual abuse (66.45±42.27) and the lowest score on reproduction and physiology (47.67±31.94) and contraception (43.85±26.81). Although significant differences were observed between two study sites, the primary source of knowledge in both sites was schools/teachers, followed by the Internet or friends; the main theme of school sexuality education was puberty development and health care (more than 80%); the most frequently reported topic between respondents and their parents in both sites was interpersonal relationships (more than 55%), and there were significant differences in the reporting rates of secondary vocational school students between the two regions(χ2=28.56，32.02，P<0.05). The results of multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that residential area, gender, grade, registered residence, number of sexual related topics communicated with parents, number of subjects received from school sexuality education, and reported information sources from classmates/friends, books/magazines/newspapers, internet and communities were related to knowledge level of respondents (OR=1.62, 0.72, 1.20, 1.58, 2.09, 1.17, 1.18, 1.66, 1.62, 1.69, 1.22, P<0.05). Conclusions Vocational students of Shanghai and Shaanxi have poor sexual and reproductive health knowledge and limited access to school and family sexuality education. It is necessary to strengthen sexuality education for secondary vocational school students.

Five cadinane-type sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the n-hexane extract of Commiphora myrrha by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. These compounds were defined as (3S,4R)-3,9-dimethoxymyrrhone (1), 9-methoxymyrrhone (2), myrrhone (3), commiterpene B (4) and comosone Ⅱ (5). Compound 1 is a new compound, of which the absolute configuration was established by single crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 5 is firstly isolated from the Commiphora genus.

Adult ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Femur Neck ; injuries ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of sleep deprivation on intelligence development in primary school students.

METHODSBetween June 2009 and April 2010, 316 grade 5 students aged 10-11 years were selected from four primary schools in four administrative districts of Changsha, China by stratified random sampling. The intelligence characteristics of children with varying degrees of sleep deprivation were investigated using the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

RESULTSA total of 286 valid questionnaires were received, with a response rate of 90.5%. The survey was comprised of a sleep deprivation group (sleep time <8 hours per night; n=180) and a control group (sleep time ≥8 hours per night; n=106). The sleep deprivation group had significantly lower subtest scores, verbal intelligence quotient (IQ) (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ) and full scale IQ (P<0.05) and significantly lower verbal comprehension factor score and memory/attention factor score compared with the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the moderate sleep deprivation subgroup had significantly decreased VIQ and full scale IQ as well as verbal comprehension factor score and memory/attention factor score (P<0.05), and the severe sleep deprivation subgroup showed decreases in all scores (P<0.05). The sleep deprivation group and moderate and severe sleep deprivation subgroups had significantly higher proportions of children with VIQ-PIQ imbalance than the control group.

CONCLUSIONSSleep deprivation adversely affects intelligence development, especially VIQ, in primary school students, and the adverse effects of sleep deprivation are mainly seen in students with moderate and severe sleep deprivation.

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Sleep Deprivation ; psychology

The present study evaluated the effect of non-thermal plasma on skin wound healing in BalB/c mice.Two 6-mm wounds along the both sides of the spine were created on the back of each mouse (n=80) by using a punch biopsy.The mice were assigned randomly into two groups,with 40animals in each group:a non-thermal plasma group in which the mice were treated with the non-thermal plasma; a control group in which the mice were left to heal naturally.Wound healing was evaluated on postoperative days (POD) 4,7,10 and 14 (n=5 per group in each POD) by percentage of wound closure.The mice was euthanized on POD 1,4,7,10,14,21,28 and 35 (n=1 in each POD).The wounds were removed,routinely fixed,paraffin-embedded,sectioned and HE-stained.A modified scoring system was used to evaluate the wounds.The results showed that acute inflammation peaked on POD 4 in non-thermal plasma group,earlier than in control group in which acute inflammation reached a peak on POD 7,and the acute inflammation scores were much lower in non-thermal group than in control group on POD7 (P＜0.05).The amount of granular tissue was greater on POD 4 and 7 in non-thermal group than in control group (P＜0.05).The re-epithelialization score and the neovasularization score were increased significantly in non-thermal group when compared with control group on POD 7 and 10 (P＜0.05 for all).The count of bacterial colonies was 103 CFU/mL on POD 4 and ＜20 CFU/mL on POD 7,significantly lower than that in control group (109 CFU/mL on POD 4 and ＞1012 CFU/mL on the POD 7) (P＜0.05).It was suggested that the non-thermal plasma facilitates the wound healing by suppressing bacterial colonization.

Objective To study the aging-related lifestyle and behaviors associated with the middle-aged and elderly so as to propose anti-aging strategies. Methods The aging degree of the elderly was measured by PPSHAS scale, which was certified by the national society. At the same time, the anti-aging factors were studied by questionnaire and logistic model. Results There were 836 effective PPSHAS scales and anti-aging questionnaires, 471 of which were significantly younger or older. Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference in satiety and smoking between the two groups (Psatiety=0.295, Psmoking=0.294). By incorporating meaningful factors into logistic model, seven related anti-aging factors, such as dressing, drinking frequency and tea drinking habits, were obtained. Conclusions Aging can be delayed by paying attention to dressing, limiting alcohol, getting enough sleep, strengthening exercise, maintaining a harmonious family atmosphere, and drinking tea regularly.

Objective To investigate whether NO can relieve hypertensive cerebrovascular and renal injury by regulating the ratio of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and reducing proinflammatory cytokine release . Methods Twelve-week SHR and WKY rats were randomly divided into three groups :WKY group ,SHR group and SHR+NO intervention group ,with 6 rats in each group .Rats in SHR+ NO intervention group were injected intraperitoneally with sodium nitroprusside according to 10 μg/(kg · d) for 4 weeks ,while WKY group and SHR group were injected intraperitoneally with an equal amount of saline for 4 weeks .After measuring the tail artery blood pressure ,basilar artery and renal pathological changes were observed by HE staining ;the rates of CD4+ /CD8+ and CD4+ CD25+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry ;and the expression of TNF-α was detected by ELISA .Results The expressions of CD4+ /CD8+ and TNF-αin SHR group were significantly higher than those in WKY group (P<0 .01) while the rate of CD4+ CD25+ in SHR group was significantly lower than that in WKY group (P<0 .01) .The expressions of CD4+ /CD8+ and TNF-α in SHR+ NO intervention group were significantly lower than those in SHR group whereas the rate of CD4+ CD25+ was significantly higher than that in SHR group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion NO can improve the target organ damage caused by hypertension by regulating the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets ratio and reducing the release of proinflammatory factors .