AIM To prepare the microemulsions loaded with total flavonoids from Potentilla discolor Bunge and to evaluate the therapeutic effect on diabetic mice.METHODS Total flavonoids,the extract from P.discolor by 70％ ethanol,were made into microemulsions after purification with.macroporous resin.With types and amount of oil phase,emulsifier and co-emulsifier,and addition amount of total flavonoids as influencing factors,together with drug loading,encapsulation efficiency,particle size and Zeta potential as evaluation indices,the formulation was optimized by drawing pseudo-ternary phase diagram.By establishing diabetic mouse models induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and high fat diet,the obtained microemulsions' effects on fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance (OGT),insulin,glycosylated serum protein (GSP),triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein (LDL),high density lipoprotein (HDL),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in mice were investigated.RESULTS The optimal formulation was determined to be 400 mg for isopropyl myristate (oil phase) amount,400 mg for Cremophor RH 40 (emulsifier) amount,200 mg for polyethylene glycol 400 (coemulsifier) amount,and 80 mg for addition amount of total flavonoids.The spherical-like and uniformly-sized microemulsions shared average drug loading of (7.28 ± 0.12)％,encapsulation efficiency of (91.79 ± 1.02)％,particle size of (36.79 ±0.17) nm and Zeta potential of (-15.77 ±2.89) mV.They could significantly reduce fasting blood glucose level,promote insulin secretion,regulate blood lipid,increase SOD activity,and decrease MDA level in diabetic mice.CONCLUSION Once prepared into microemulsions,the total flavonoids from P.discolor demonstrate an obviously enhanced activity in reducing blood glucose.

Objective To evaluate the acute and long-term results of stenting for left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcation lesions. Methods Forty consecutive patients with LMCA bifurcation lesion and normal left ventricular function were included. Sirolimus-eluting stents were performed in all patients. Results (1)The average diameter of LMCA was (0.81?0.48)mm before stenting and increased to (3.53?0.22)mm after stenting.(2)The procedural success rate was 100.0%. In-hospital events including stent thrombosis,Q-wave myocardial infarction,and emergency bypass surgery did not occur in any patients,and non-Q-wave MI in one patient (2.5%).(3)Clinical follow-up was obtained in all patients at (8.43?3.24) months. There were no death and no myocardial infarction during follow-up. The major adverse cardis events rate was 20.0%.(4)The angiographic follow-up rate was 67.5% (27 of the 40 eligible patients),and the restenosis rate was 18.5% (parent vessel only 11.1%,side branch only 3.7%,and both 3.7%).(5)Different type of operation had no influence on restenosis rate during angiographic follow-up. Conclusion Sirolimus-eluting stent implantation for LMCA bifurcation stenosis appears safe and effective with regard to acute and midterm complications.

ObjectiveTo study the effect of platelet aggregation rate (PAR) level on the prognosis of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PCI).MethodsFour hundred and one patients who performed PCI were divided into 4 groups:group 1 (PAR≤30％,103 cases),group 2 (PAR 31％ - 40％,102 cases),group 3 (PAR 41％ - 49％,103 cases ) and group 4 (PAR ＞ 49％,93 cases ).All the patients were followed up.The survival analysis was performed in 4 groups.ResultsThe data of survival table were tested by 3 methods among 4 groups:statistic was 0.612,degree of freedom was 3,P =0.894 in Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test,statistic was 0.567,degree 9f freedom was 3,P =0.904 in Wilcoxon test and statistic was 0.586,P =0.900 in Tarone-Ware test.There was no significant difference among them.The mean follow-up duration was 2.2 years,and there was no significant difference in survival function among 4 groups (P ＞0.05).ConclusionPreoperative and postoperative measurement of PAR levels may not improve the prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Artificial Organs ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Trachea ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy of internal fixation (including PFNA and PFN) versus hip replacement (including FHR or THA) in the treatment of trochanteric fractures in adults.

METHODSReports of studies using randomized controlled trials (RCT) to compare internal fixationg with hip replacement in the management of intertrochanteric fractures were retrieved (up to January 1, 2013) from the Cochrane Library, PUBMED Data, CNKI (China National Knowledge infrastructure), Elsevier, the Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, and manually. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and relevant data were extracted. Statistical software RevMan 5.0 was used for data-analysis.

RESULTSSeven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that,compared internal fixation with hip replacement,there were statistical significance in the duration of surgery time [WMD = -2.66, 95% CI (-5.25,-0.06), P = 0.05], intra-operative blood loss [WMD = -24.20, 95% CI (-30.38, -18.02), P < 0.000 01], hospital stays time [WMD = -4.72, 95% CI (-5.18, -4.25), P < 0.000 01], bearing load time [WMD = -29.54, 95% CI (-30.77, -28.31), P < 0.000 01], total complications rate [WMD = 0.15, 95% CI (0.11, 0.22), P < 0.000 01], the good rate of Harris scores [WMD = 1.09, 95% CI (0.54,1.32), P < 0.05]. However, there were no statistical significance in the rate of deep venous thrombosis [WMD = 1.09, 95% CI (0.47, 2.55), P > 0.05]. CON- CLUSION: Hip replacement (containing FHR or THA) for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures is superior to internal fixa- tion in regards to the duration of surgery time, the mean duration of hosipital stays, mean post-operative down time, intra-opera- tive blood loss, the rate of post-operative good Harris scores. But there is not enough evidence to show any difference between hip replacement (containing THA or FHR) and internal fixation in regards to the rate of deep venous thrombosis. However, internal fixation for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures is superior to hip replacement (containing FHR or THA) in regards to total complications rate.

Objective To explore the best treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses.Methods Clinical data of 45 patients(34 males and 11 females,ages ranged from 7 to 76 years,averaged 42.6 years) with brain abscess treated from January 1999 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 45 patients,there were 40 with single brain abscess and 5 with multiple brain abscess;43 with unilocular abscess and 2 with multilocular abscess.19 patients accepted the conservative treatment with the third generation cephalosporin,16 were treated with stereotactic puncture of abscess,8 treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage,and microsurgical excision was performed in 5 patients.Results Of the 19 patients treated with conservative method,16 were cured,no recurrence was found during the follow-up period(from 6 months to 5 years) in 13 patients,and another 3 were deteriorated and accepted stereotactic operation.All the stereotactic operations were carried successfully out in 24 patients(including 3 cases after expectant treatment failure) and only one patient needed another stereotactic aspiration two weeks later because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation.Epileptic seizure was found in one patient at the end of stereotactic procedure.Total removal of brain abscess was performed by microsurgical craniotomy in 5 patients.At the time of discharge,clinical symptoms disappeared or were improved remarkably,and CT or MRI re-examination disclosed the disappearance or obviously diminution of abscess in all patients.No abscess recurred during the follow-up period(from 4 months to 3 years,average 14 months) in 22 patients.Conclusion A set of treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses has been proposed and stereotactic operation seems to be the most appropriate surgical choice.

Objective To evaluate the correlations between CT features and histopathologic subtypes of lung adenocarcinomas presenting as pure ground-glass nodules (pGGN) of 1 cm or less in maximal diameter. Methods CT appearances, pathology and clinical data of 95 patients (97 lesions) who underwent curative resection of lung adenocarcinomas presenting as pGGN≤1 cm in diameter from March 2011 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 97 lung adenocarcinomas, there were 19 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (19.6%), 31 adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) (31.9%), 19 minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) (19.6%) and 28 invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma (IPA) (28.9%). Fifty (51.5%) were preinvasive (AAH+AIS) and 47 (48.5%) were invasive (MIA+IPA). Lesion size and density were compared among pathologic subtypes using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Lesion size were compared between preinvasive and invasive lesions using 2?independent samples t?test. Lesion location, presence of bubble?like sign, air bronchogram, vessel changes, margin, and tumor?lung interface were compared among histopathologic subtypes using chi?square test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the cut-off point of size in discriminating preinvasive lesions from invasive lesions. Results Of the 97 lesions, there were no statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of lesion density, presence of bubble?like sign, air?bronchogram, and margin (P>0.05). Mean size of AAH, AIS, MIA and IPA was (0.72 ± 0.19), (0.82 ± 0.14), (0.84 ± 0.11) and (0.85 ± 0.16) cm respectively. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of lesion size (F=3.16, P=0.028). The vessel changes occurred in 2 of AAH, 11 of AIS, 10 of MIA and 17 of IPA. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of vessel changes (χ2=13.22, P=0.004). Lesions with clear tumor?lung interface were in 10 of AAH, 24 of AIS, 17 of MIA, and 26 of IPA. There were statistically significant differences among histopathologic subtypes in terms of tumor?lung interface (χ2=12.67, P=0.005). The optimal cutoff value of lesion size for differentiating preinvasive lesions from invasive lesions was 0.82 cm (sensitivity, 61.7%;specificity, 62.0%). Conclusion Lesion size, vessel changes, and lung?tumor interface may indicate the invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma presenting as pGGNs of≤1 cm in diameter.

Objective To explore the influence of seasonal variations on acute cerebral infarction outcome. Meth-ods We collected data from acute cerebral infarction patients in the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2009 to February 2012. All cases were classified by months and seasons into different groups to analyze the season-al variations retrospectively. Results (1) The percentage of good outcome of acute cerebral infarction show significant dif-ference between each month(P<0.01). The percentage of good outcome was highest in August(92.1%), lowest in Decem-ber(78.1%), second lowest in April(81.9%). The percentage of good outcome in summer(91.6%)was higher than spring (87.2%), autumn(86.4%)and winter(83.9%)(P<0.05). (2) Among those patients converted to bad outcome more pa-tients was attacked by cerebrovascular accident in winter(68.3%)than in summer(43.2%), and more patients was combined with a pulmonary infection in winter(69.5%)than in summer(48.6%)and in autumn(49.3%)(P<0.05). (3) Seasonal effect in acute cerebral infarction outcome was obvious in those≥65 years of age(P<0.05). Conclusion Seasonal changes are associated with the outcome and severity of acute cerebral infarction.

Aim To investgate the mechnism through which ginkgolides affect learning and memory capabilities of the Alzheimers disease-like rats. Methods Okadaic acid(OA)was injected into the CA1 region of the rat hippocampus and the rats were gavaged with ginkgolides. The learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed through Morris water maze behavioral test, and the expressions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and ChAT were observed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results Compared with the control rats, the capabilities of learning and memory were lowered significantly(P

More than 80 strains producing lipases were screened from oily soil of vegetable oil plant, meat processing factory and dairy factory in Jinan city, Shandong Province, which included bacteria, moulds and yeast. Conditions for lipase production and properties of some enzymes were studied. One drug-resistant mutant strain Y-11 with higher lipase activity was from Trichosporon sp. Y-1. In addition, Optimization of lipase production and characterization of enzymes were carried out. On the basis of above experiments, a characteristic library of stains producing lipases was established.