Objective To observe the clinical changes in resin and porcelain veneer in restoring dental fluorosis in order to provide a basis for the repair of dental fluorosis. Methods Fifty six severe dental fluorosis patients were divided into porcelain and resin teeth group in the department of Prosthetics, school of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University during 2005 to 2008. All 162 teeth of 25 patients in porcelain group were veneered with porcelain. 201 teeth of 31 patients in resin group were repaired with resin. To evaluat the clinic effect, the veneer surface color was detected by the Easyshade computer-aided colorimeter when the repair was completed and 18 months afterward. The edge of veneer adaptation, retention, secondary caries and abutment were examined after 18 months, and classified by color, shape, function and feeling. Results The color difference between the porcelain and resin teeth group was 0.27±0.20 and 0.21±0.15 when it was completed, and it was 0.28±0.21 and 0.77± 0.68 respectively after 18 months. The color difference value of the porcelain teeth group was lower when it was completed than 18 months later(t=-13.55, P<0.01). The color difference value of the resin teeth group was lower than the porcelain teeth group after 18 months(t=-12.60, P<0.01). The percentage of level A of veneer adaptation in the porcelain group[100%(162/162)] was higher than the resin group[91.04% (183/201), χ2=15.26, P< 0.01) after 18 months. The clinical effect was divided into three degrees of excellent, moderate or failed, into which the number of the teeth catergorized was 158, 4 and 0 in porcelain group, 148, 56 and 4 in resin group respectively. The clinical effect of the porcelain group was superior to the resin group(χ2=44.24, P<0.01). Conclusions The surface color of porcelain veneer last 16nger than the resin veneer, the adaptation and clinical effect is also superior to the resin veneer. But the long-term efficacy of two methods needs further study, especially of the resin veneer.

Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases

Currently,the quick development of information technology is enriching the traditional teaching.As a new form of teaching resource,a micro-lecture focused on a specific topic is a good combination of information technology and traditional teaching.It not only increases the vividness and visualization of teaching,but also boosts the learning interest of students in the course.What's more,it helps to show an integral time-consuming experiment in 5-10 minutes'micro-vedio,which broadens the contents of the course and offers convenience of self-teaching for students.In this article,we took the example of micro-lecture"Western blot"in the course of immunologic technology to post-graduates in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to clarify the advantages and the procedures of a typical micro-lecture,and to discuss about it.The experience achieved from the construction of this micro-lecture may offer a new idea of modern information education reform.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Retinoschisis ; genetics ; pathology

A(p.G888S)were detected in POLG1 gene.Sequence analysis of parental blood DNA revealed that her father carried L83P and her mother carried G888S.Conclusions The characteristics of clinical manifestation,electrophysiology,pathology and POLG1 gene mutation of the patient were highly consistent with Alpers syndrome.The prominent white matter change and increased immunological factors in CSF were first reported in Alpers syndrome.Alpers syndrome should be considered for those patients whose liver function were severely impaired after exposure to valproic acid.

Objective To look into the current distribution of iodine deficiency area in Shandong province and to guide the re-defined iodine deficiency area and to supplement iodine scientifically. Methods In 2008, 100 iodine deficiency counties(cities, districts), designated in Shandong province's "to supplement iodized salt to eliminate the hazard of iodine deficiency management regulations", were selected in the study. One to three samples were collected from water source which was used by the majority of local residents in the 100 iodine deficiency places and iodine concentration was tested by As3+-Ce4+ catalyzing spectrophotometry. Results A total of 65 716 water samples were collected. Sample recovery efficiency reached 99.8%(65 572/65 716). The median water iodine was 5.57 μg/L, with 82.05%( 1097/1337 ) of the township(town) met criteria for the classification of iodine deficiency areas(water iodine ＜ 10 μg/L), 17.43%(233/1337) of the township (town) water iodine moderate(water iodine 10 - 150 μg/L), and 0.52%(7/1337)of the township(town) should be defined high iodine areas(water iodine ＞ 150 - 300 μg/L). Conclusions The iodine deficiency areas should be redefined because water iodine concentrations of iodine deficiency areas have changed. We suggest that the smallest place to supply salt with different range of iodine content is set to the township(town).

OBJECTIVETo compare the incidence of emotional disorder in patients with acute or stable coronary heart disease.

METHODSA total of 298 patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD) were designed into three groups based on of coronary angiography results: acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 128), stable angina pectoris (SAP, n = 108) and non-CHD (n = 62). All patients were evaluated by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HRSD) for depression and anxiety before coronary angiography (CAG), 3 days after CAG, and 1 day before discharge.

RESULTSIncidences of depression and anxiety were significantly higher the ACS group (65.6%and 78.9% before CAG; 60.9% and 70.3% 3 days post CAG; 45.3%and 64.8% before discharge) compared patients with SAP (18.5% and 26.9% before CAG; 17.6% and 28.7% 3 days post CAG; 15.7% and 26.9% before discharge, all P < 0.05 vs. ACS) and non-CHD patients (32.3% and 25.8% before CAG; 27.4% and 24.2% 3 days post CAG; 29.0% and 30.6% before discharge, all P < 0.05 vs. ACS) while the depression and anxiety incidences were similar between patients with SAP and non-CHD in this cohort (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEmotional disorder is common in patients with suspected heart diseases, especially in patients with ACS. Psychological distress of patients with suspected heart disease should be evaluated and treated.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; psychology ; Adult ; Aged ; Anxiety Disorders ; etiology ; Coronary Disease ; psychology ; Depressive Disorder ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate mutations of ABCD1 gene in X- linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) patients in China.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction and DNA direct sequencing were employed to analyze the 10 exons of ABCD1 gene in 25 ALD patients.

RESULTSSeventeen mutations in different exons (except exons 4, 9 and 10) were identified in 18 of 25 patients. Most of the mutations were missense mutations, including R182P, G266R, H283D, S404P, N509I, R518G, L520Q, Q556R, S606L and R617C, four (H283D, S40 4P, N509I, R518G) of 10 missense mutations were novel. Also identified were 3 nonsense mutations (W132X, W242X, W595X), 1 dinucleotides deletion mutation (1414 del AG) resulting in frameshift, and 1 base pair deletion at splice acceptor site (IVS5-6 del C). Two synonymous mutations (L516L and V349V) appeared simultaneously in 2 unrelated patients, and no other mutations could be found with them in all 10 exons screened.

CONCLUSIONThere were no hot spot mutations in ABCD1 gene in China. Mutations in gene were found over 70% of patients with ALD in China. The ABCD1 gene mutations identified revealed no obvious correlation between the type of mutation and phenotype.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Sub-Family D, Member 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Adrenoleukodystrophy ; genetics ; pathology ; Age of Onset ; Base Sequence ; China ; Codon, Nonsense ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense

To study relevant risk factors of Shenmai injection induced adverse reactions by using Logistic model and ROC curve, and made the prediction for the occurrence of relevant adverse reactions/events. Case data of patients treated with Shenmai injection were collected by using the prospective, multi-center, large-sample, nested-case control method, in order to analyze the risk factors of Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events, establish the logistic model and draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for risk factors. During the study, 7632 patients (including 3 477 males and 4 155 females) were included, and eight of them suffered adverse reactions/events. Based on a multi-factor Logistic model analysis, the age (> or = 50 years) (OR = 5.061, 95% CI: 2.197-7.924; P = 0.001), the total number of medication days (OR = -1.020, 95% CI: -l.652 - 0.388; P = 0.002) and the single dose (OR = 0.245, 95% CI: 0.127-0.364; P = 0.000) were significant independent risk factors for Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events. According to the results, ROC curves were drawn with age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of inedication and single dose; The area under ROC curves the joint predictor (0.9753, 95% CI: 0.9443-1.000, P < 0.005) was larger than that of the other three single indexes, with a higher risk prediction value. The independent risk factors for Shenmai injection-induced adverse reactions/events included the age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of medication and single dose. In clinical practice, the age (> or = 50 years), the total number of days of medication and the medication dose can be substituted in the joint predictor calculation formula (P = 1 / [1 + e(-(-21.58 + 5.061 x Xage - 1.020 x Xd + 0.245 x X(mL)] to predict the potential adverse reactions of patients and adjust the dosage regimen.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVERett syndrome (RTT) is a severe childhood neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting females. The pathogenic gene is located at Xq28, which codes for the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2. MECP2 gene is affected by X chromosome inactivation (XCI). The different XCI patterns of females could affect the expression ratios of pathogenic gene, causing changes in clinical symptoms. In order to understand the XCI patterns in RTT patients and the relationship between XCI pattern, genotype and phenotype, the XCI patterns in patients with RTT and their mothers, the parental origin of the priority inactive X chromosome in RTT, and the relations of XCI patterns with genotype and phenotype in RTT cases were analyzed.

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood of 55 cases with RTT (52 with MECP2 mutations, 3 without mutations), 53 mothers of RTT cases and 48 normal female controls. DNA was digested with methylation sensitive restriction endonuclease Hpa II. Then the undigested and digested DNAs were amplified via PCR for the first exon of human androgen receptor (AR) gene. PCR products were analyzed by Genescan.

RESULTSThe heterozygotic rates of AR gene were 82%, 77% and 83% in RTT patients, mothers and controls, respectively. XCI distribution pattern of RTT was different from that of the mothers and control, P < 0.05. More mothers and controls than RTT patients were in the area of XCI 50:50 - 59:41. The differences between them were statistically significant (P < 0.05). No significant difference in XCI distribution patterns between mothers and the control groups was found (P > 0.05). Non-random XCI rates in the areas of XCI >or= 65:35 and >or= 80:20 were 53.35% and 17.8%, respectively, in RTT patients, compared with the mothers group (36.6%, 7.3%) and control group (35%, 10%), it was higher in RTT patients, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). In 18 of 21 cases with XCI >or= 65:35, the priority inactive X chromosome was of paternal origin (85.7%). Variable XCI patterns were observed in the same gene mutation patients. The highly skewed XCI as well as the random XCI were found in patients with mild, severe and typical phenotype. The rate of highly skewed XCI in atypical patients was higher than that in typical RTT patients. The rate of highly skewed XCI in T158M was higher than the other type mutations. No highly skewed XCI was observed in cases with R133C mutation.

CONCLUSIONThe XCI distribution pattern of RTT patients was different from that of RTT mother and control groups. There was no significant difference in XCI distribution patterns between mothers and the control groups. It was not a main genetic pattern in RTT that mothers as the carriers to transmit the pathogenic gene to the patients. Non-random XCI was not the main XCI pattern in RTT patients. The priority inactive X chromosome was mainly of paternal origin. XCI could modify the clinical phenotype of RTT, but had limitations in explaining all the phenotypes manifested in RTT cases.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, X ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Mothers ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Receptors, Androgen ; genetics ; Rett Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; X Chromosome Inactivation ; genetics