Complete healing of the intestinal mucosa is the most ideal goal in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intestinal mucosa healing not only significantly alters the course of the disease and relieves clinical symptoms, but also markedly reduces the occurrence of complications and prevents recurrence of IBD. As chronic inflammation associated with peptic ulcer damage is the main pathological feature of IBD, clinical treatment is mainly based on anti-inflammatory therapy, but such therapy cannot promote the healing of the intestinal mucosa of patients. Therefore, how to achieve long-term remission of IBD is still an urgent challenge. In the process of intestinal mucosal repair, the polarization of macrophages maintains the homeostasis of the intestinal microenvironment, which is a representative process that promotes mucosal inflammatory-repair. It is a key part of initiating tissue regeneration that should not be underestimated. In this paper, we reviewed the literature of the past decade, focusing on the promotion of intestinal mucosal healing in IBD. The discussion will highlight the importance and feasibility of regulating macrophages to promote intestinal mucosal repair. Following this thought, we discuss the shortcomings of current clinical treatments and summarize the relevant drugs which have potential to promote intestinal mucosal repair. The aim is to provide effective potential drugs and therapeutic targets for the treatment of IBD.

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in synovium of rats with adjuvant arthritis and the relationship between the histopathologic score and the expression of VEGF.Methods Adjuvant arthritis was established in Wistar rats by inoculating complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA). We calculated the arthropathologic score and the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein at different stages after CFA inoculation.Results In model group the arthropathologic score and expression of VEGF protein in synovium increased significantly all the time (P

The iron and inflammation homeostasis are closely coupled, forming an integrated functional unit under physiological conditions. "Iron transport balance" has become the key mechanism to maintain iron homeostasis through bidirectional regulation of iron uptake and release and dynamic management of transmembrane concentration. It is also the physiological basis for the inflammatory balance between promotion and resolution. Under pathological conditions, represented by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), disturbed iron transportation was highly involved in almost every step of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the iron transporting rebalancing provides the mechanistic basis and effective approach for the normalization of inflammatory microenvironment. Macrophage is the key regulator of inflammation homeostasis and determinant for iron transport balance. Unfortunately, the current clinical transformation based on iron transport balance theory has still been insufficient. Sometimes, this strategy even showed high complexity and contradiction, severely restricting its clinical application. By summarizing the theoretical research progress of iron transport balance, especially its relevance to macrophage phenotypic polarization, this review aims to explore the therapeutic value in inflammation intervention by targeting iron transporting balance. This review will provide the necessary knowledge and hints for the research and development of candidate drugs in treating inflammatory diseases.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical features and treatment of cystic acoustic neuroma.

METHODSTwenty-two patients with cystic acoustic neuromas were diagnosed by CT and MRI preoperatively, and the tumors were resected by retrosigmoid approach, and verified by pathological studies.

RESULTSOf the 22 patients, 18 had tumors totally resected (postoperative house Brackman facial nerve grading: grade II in 4 patients, III in 7, IV in 3, V in 2, VI in 2) and 4 had tumors subtotally resected.

CONCLUSIONBecause of its specific clinical features and poor operative results, cystic acoustic neuroma should be regarded as a specific subtype.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cysts ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuroma, Acoustic ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Imbalance of Th1/Th2 immune response is an crucial pathophysiological manifestation of asthma, but recent studies have proved that asthma also has a close correlation with the imbalance of Foxp3+Treg/Th17. Accumulating evidence indicate that the immunoregulatory capacity of mesenchymal stem cells are mainly related to exosomes secreted by the cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell exosomes on Foxp3+Treg cells, Th17 T cells and airway inflammation of asthmatic mice as well as cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. METHODS: Twenty-seven BALB/c mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group, asthmatic model group, and exosomes group. Except the normal control group, each mouse in the other groups was sensitized by ovalbumin to establish asthma models. In the exosomes group, each mouse was intravenously administrated with exosomes at 21 days of sensitization. At 24 hours after the final administration of ovalbumin, the proportion of Foxp3+Treg and Th17 in the sleep of asthmatic mice as well as the expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in Foxp3+Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. The total number of inflammatory cells, and the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were counted to analyze the degree of airway inflammation in the combination with pathological observation. We also detected the expression of interleukin-4,5,13,10,17 and interferon-γ in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as p27kip1in CD4+T cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The proportion of Foxp3+Treg in splenic lymphocytes and the CTLA-4 and PD-1 expression in Foxp3+Treg were significantly higher in the exosomes group than the asthmatic model group (P < 0.01). (2) The proportion of Th17 in splenic lymphocytes was ranked as follows: asthmatic model group > exosomes group > normal control group (P < 0.01). (3) The total number of inflammatory cells and the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were ranked as follows: asthmatic model group > exosomes group > normal control group (P < 0.01). (4) Pathological observation of the lung showed that the asthmatic mice appeared to have severest airway inflammation. However, mesenchymal stem cell exosomes could significantly alleviate the airway inflammation. (5) The detection of cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed that levels of interleukin 13 and interleukin 17 were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the level of interleukin 10 increased (P < 0.01). (6) The p27kip1expression in the CD4+T cells was obviously higher in the exosomes group than the asthmatic model group. In conclusion, exosomes from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can reverse the imbalance of Foxp3+Treg/Th17 and significantly inhibit the airway inflammation in asthmatic mice.

Objective To analyse the relationship between Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum ofrat's spleen tissue and postmortem interval （PMI） for PMI estimation using FTIR spectroscopy combinedwith data mining method. Methods Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the cadavers were placed at 20 ℃. The FTIR spectrum data of rats' spleen tissues were taken and measured at different time points. After pretreatment, the data was analysed by data mining method. Results The absorption peak intensity of rat's spleen tissue spectrum changed with the PMI, while the absorption peak position was unchanged. The results of principal component analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96%. There was an obvious clustering tendency for the spectrum sample at each time point. The methods of partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS- DA） and support vector machine classification （SVMC） effectively divided the spectrum samples with different PMI into four categories （0-24 h, 48-72 h, 96-120 h and 144-168 h）. The determination coefficient （R2） of the PMI estimation model established by PLS regression analysis was 0.96, and the root mean square error of calibration （RMSEC） and root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECV） were 9.90 h and 11.39 h respectively. In prediction set, the R2 was 0.97, and the root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） was 10.49 h. Conclusion The FTIR spectrum of the rat's spleen tissue can be effectively analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and data mining method, and the classification and PLS regression models can be established for PMI estimation.

OBJECTIVETo prove the therapeutic effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on leukopenia induced by chemotherapy and effect on life quality of the patient with tumor after chemotherapy.

METHODSRandomized, controlled, multi-central cooperative method was used and the patients confirmed to the enrolled criteria were divided in-to two groups. The test group were treated with ginger-partitioned moxibustion at Dazhui (GV 14), Geshu (BL 17), Pishu (BL 20), etc.; and the control group with oral administration of Chinese patent medicine.

RESULTSOut of the 221 cases confirmed to program analysis, 113 cases were in the test group and 108 cases in the control group. After 10 days, the cured rate and the effective rate were 84.1% and 66.4% in the test group and 35.2% and 33.3% in the control group, respectively, with very significant differences between the two groups (both P < 0.01); fifteen days later, the therapeutic effects in the two groups were maintained. The two methods could improve clinical symptoms, with the test group being better than the control group. Any adverse response was not found in the two groups, and the injuries of functions of the heart, lung and kidney induced by chemotherapy had some improvement.

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of ginger-partitioned moxibustion on luekopenia induced by chemotherapy is reliable and is better than oral administration of Chinese patent medicine, with a better duplication.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Female ; Ginger ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; methods

To observe the effects of blood serum from rats with radiation injury, thermal injury and combined radiation-thermal lesions on growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells and the change of their serum cytokine levels, total body irradiation of rats was performed with 12 Gy gamma ray from a (60)Co source, and 30% total body surface area III degree thermal lesion on the back was inflicted with a 5 kW bromotungsten lamp. The blood serum from these animals was collected at 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after injury. Then the blood serum was added to the culture medium of erythrocyte progenitor cells (CFU-E, BFU-E) or granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) at final concentration of 10 microg/ml. The results showed that the colony number of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM formed after addition of the blood serum from rats with thermal or combined radiation-thermal injury was significantly higher than that from normal rats at 3, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after injury and reached its peak value at 24 hours after injury (342.8, 261.6 and 228.4% respectively from burned rats, 252.4, 205.1 and 174.2% respectively from rats with combined radiation-thermal injury as compared with that of normal rats). However, a few CFU-E, BFU-E or CFU-GM formation was found after addition of the blood serum from irradiated rats. At the same time, the level of TNF alpha and IL-6 in serum of burn group and combined radiation-thermal injury group was markedly higher than that of normal group, even more higher than that of irradiation injury group (P < 0.01). It is concluded that the blood serum from rats with thermal lesion or combined radiation-thermal injury improves the growth of erythrocyte and granulocyte progenitor cells. On the contrary, the blood serum from the irradiated rats shows the inhibiting effects, definitely related to their serum cytokines changes.
Animals ; Burns ; blood ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Multiple Trauma ; blood ; Radiation Injuries ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Serum ; chemistry ; Time Factors

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) over 75 years. A total of 82 patients with AF who underwent LAAO successfully in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from March 2014 to March 2019 were divided into two groups according to age: the elderly group (aged>75 years) and the young group (aged ≤75 years). Risk of perioperative complications and incidence of ischemic stroke and major bleeding during follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. The results showed that there were no significant differences in procedure-related ischemic stroke(0 vs.1.6%, P=0.768) and major bleeding (0 vs.1.6%, P=0.768) during perioperative period between the two groups. No complications as death or pericardial tamponade occurred in the two group. During a (25.9±15.9) months period of followed up, ischemic stroke event rate was 3.6/100 person-years in the elderly group and 4.9/100 person-years in the young group, respectively. Major bleeding event rate was 2.5/100 person-years in the elderly group and 0/100 person-years in the young group, respectively. Compared with the expected ones, the relative risk reduction (RRR) of stroke in the elderly group was more profound than that in the young group (32.0% vs. 25.0%), while the risk of major bleeding in the young group was significantly lower than that in the elderly group (RRR 100% vs. 56.9%). Therefore, LAAO might be suitable for stroke prevention in the elderly AF patients.

Objective:To explore the value of high-resolution CT (HRCT) visual scores and quantitative analysis in assessing pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) in adults.Methods:In total 51 adult patients with PLCH confirmed by pathology in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent HRCT and pulmonary function tests (PFT). The involvement of the nodular and cystic lesions were evaluated by two experienced radiologists using CT visual scores. The cases were divided into three groups based on the nodular scores, and into four groups based on the cystic scores, respectively. Ratio of low attenuation areas (LAA%) was measured by an automatic post-processing software. Pulmonary function indices including forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1/FVC, diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide of lung (D LCO), alveolar ventilation (V A), D LCO/V A, D LCO corrected for hemoglobin (D LCOc), D LCOc/V A were collected. FEV 1/FVC was expressed as measured values and other indices were expressed as percent predicted (%pred). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between HRCT visual scores, LAA% and PFT. The lung function indices among different nodular groups as well as among different cystic groups were compared using the Kruskal‐Wallis test. Results:Both nodular and cystic lesions were found on HRCT images of all 51 patients. There were no correlation between the visual scores of nodular lesions and lung function indices (all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in lung function indices among different nodular groups (all P>0.05). The visual scores of cystic lesions were negatively correlated with FEV 1/FVC, D LCO%pred, D LCO/V A%pred, D LCOc%pred, D LCOc/V A%pred ( r=-0.491, -0.347, -0.330, -0.373, -0.346, respectively, all P<0.05); the pulmonary function indices among different cystic groups had significant difference (all P<0.05). LAA% were negatively correlated with FEV 1/FVC, D LCO%pred, D LCO/V A%pred, D LCOc%pred, D LCOc/V A%pred ( r=-0.278, -0.378, -0.418, -0.395, -0.451, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion:HRCT visual scores of nodular lesions do not correlate with lung function in patients with PLCH. Visual scores and quantitative analysis of the cystic lesions can reflect the impairment degree of pulmonary ventilation and diffusion function to a certain extent, and may be used in assessment of patients with PLCH.