Abstract: Objective　To compare the different effects of body mass index (BMI) and lean body mass index (LBMI) on the risk of all-cause death among elderly Chinese individuals. For the more scientific, accurate and convenient measurement of the elderly physique, analysis and evaluation of the health risk factors of the elderly in China. Methods　This study is based on follow-up data from 2014 to 2018, involving 5 990 participants who met the inclusion criteria in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Participants were grouped according to their BMI and LBMI, and both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were established to compare the effects of BMI and LBMI on the risk of death in the elderly. According to gender, age, activities of daily living, and comorbidities, subgroup analysis was conducted to study the influence of LBMI in different subgroups. Results　The study population predominantly comprised females (52.9%, 3 167/5 990), with an average age of (84.7 ± 10.1) years, and most participants lived in rural areas (55.1%, 3 298/5 990). A majority were non-smokers (82.7%, 4 952/5 990) and non-drinkers (84.3%, 5 050/5 990). The prevalence of hypertension was 32.8% (1 966/ 5 990), diabetes 5.6% (334/5 990), and heart disease 12.9% (774/5 990). In the analysis of the impact of BMI on all-cause death in the elderly, univariate analysis showed that an increase in BMI was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. After adjusted by multiple factors (age, gender, living environment, marital status, average arterial pressure, number of children, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, tumor, ADL/IADL, number of complications), compared to the normal group, the emaciated group (BMI<18.5 kg/m2) had the highest risk of death (HR=1.15,95%CI: 1.01-1.30); the overweight group (24.0 kg/m2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m2) had a lower risk of death (HR=0.78, 95%CI: 0.67-0.91). In the analysis of the impact of LBMI on the risk of death in the elderly, compared to moderate LBMI, lower LBMI was associated with a higher risk of death. Multivariate analysis showed that compared with moderate LBMI, a decrease in LBMI increased the risk of death, whereas an increase in LBMI did not show statistically significant differences in mortality risk in the elderly. Conclusion　In measuring fitness and quality of life in the elderly, LBMI has better representativeness and practical value.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a process by which aggressive tumor cells generate non-endothelial cell-lined channels in malignant tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).It has provided new insights into tumor behavior and has surfaced as a potential target for drug therapy.The molecular events underlying the process of VM formation are still poorly understood.In this study,we attempted to elucidate the relationship between Notch4 and VM formation in HCC.An effective siRNA lentiviral vector targeting Notch4 was constructed and transfected into Be17402,a HCC cell line.VM networks were observed with a microscope in a 3 dimensional cell culture system.Cell migration and invasion were evaluated using wound healing and transwell assays.Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity was detected by gelatin zymography.Furthermore,the role of Notch4 inhibition in Be17402 cells in vivo was examined in subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of mice.The results showed that downregulation of Notch4 destroyed VM network formation and inhibited migration and invasion of tumor cells in vitro (P＜0.05).In vivo,tumor growth was also inhibited in subcutaneous xenograft model (P＜0.05).The potential mechanisms might be related with down-regulation of MT1-MMP,MMP-2,MMP-9 expression and inhibition of the activation of MMP2 and MMP9.These results indicated that Notch4 may play an important role in VM formation and tumor invasion in HCC.Related molecular pathways may be used as novel therapeutic targets for HCC antiangiogenesis therapy.

Wound combined with total body irradiation (TBI) injury results in impairment of tissue repair and delayed processes of healing, so it has been considered as an important and representative model of impaired wound healing, but the mechanism is not fully clarified. Fibroblasts in wound are the most important cells participating in tissue repair, whereas its radiosensitivity is not high. To understand whether TBI injury has direct damaging effects on fibroblasts in wound, fibroblasts in wound combined with TBI injury and in wound of simple incision injury were isolated and cultured, and parameters associated with tissue repair were determined. The results showed that the abilities of proliferation, attachment and adhesion of fibroblasts isolated from wounds combined with TBI injury significantly decreased as compared with those of simple incision injury, nevertheless, apoptotic ratio of fibroblasts isolated from wounds combined with TBI injury increased significantly. These data suggest that TBI injury may cause direct damaging effects on fibroblasts in wounds, which might be one of the dominant reasons for impairment of wound healing when it is combined with TBI injury.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibroblasts ; metabolism ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Skin ; injuries ; Whole-Body Irradiation ; Wound Healing ; physiology

Combined radiation-burn injuries mainly occur under the circumstances of nuclear explosion, nuclear accident, nuclear terrorism, depleted uranium attack, as well as secondary injuries following attack on nuclear installation. Combination of burn and radiation injuries bring along more serious whole body damage, more complicated pathological mechanism and much more difficult management. Research progress on the pathological mechanism and medical management of several key links of combined injury were discussed in this paper. (1) Enhancement of early first aid and prevention of early death of wounded. (2) Damage and restoration of hemopoietic function. (3) Disturbance of immune function and prevention and treatment of infection (mainly on the intestinal mucosa immunity and enterological infection). (4) Management of burn wound. (5) The role of several important measures in the comprehensive treatment.
Animals ; Burns ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dogs ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; therapy ; Radiation Injuries ; therapy ; Rats

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasal hemangioma.Methods Clinical data of 15 patients treated between October 2007 and Ocwber 2009 under endoscopic surgery using the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency were retrospectively studied.Results All tumors in 15 patients were completely removed.The blood loss was 1-150 ml and the average blood loss was about 15 ml,only gelatin sponge was used to protect the wound after operation.There was no additional packing to stop bleeding.No complications were seen.The patients had mild postoperative pain.All patients were followed-up from 2 months to 2 years,no recurrence was found.Conclusions Endoscopic surgery using low-temperature plasma radiofrequency for nasal hemangioma has following advantages such as simplicity,minimal invasion and so on.It is a viable surgical method for the treatment of nasal hemangioma.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of meptazinol after single oral dose and multiple doses of meptazinol hydro-chloride capsule in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods A random-ized, open, 3 ×3 Latin square design was adopted.Twelve healthy vol-unteers were divided into six groups , two people ( one male and one fe-male) per group.The dosages are 100 mg, 200 mg and 400 mg in single dosage study , and 200 mg every 6 hours for 5 times in multiple dosage study.The concentrations of meptazinol in plasma were determined by HPLC -MS/MS.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 6.1 software.Results The main pharmacokinetics parame-ters of meptazinol in three single dose were as follow: Cmax were (22.21 ±12.74), (55.01 ±36.38) and (97.80 ±64.23) μg· L-1;tmax were (1.00 ±0.54),(1.04 ±0.61) and (1.54 ±0.91) h; t1/2 were (2.31 ±0.24), (2.31 ±0.24 ) and (2.46 ±0.59 ) h; AUCinf were ( 50.78 ±13.14 ) , ( 134.06 ±56.90 ) and ( 281.34 ±135.34 )μg· h· L-1.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of meptazinol under multiple dose were as follow:Cssmin was ( 6.01 ±2.03 ) μg · L-1 , Cmax was ( 54.30 ±27.10 ) μg · L-1 , Cavg was (20.13 ±6.82) μg· L-1, tmax was(1.06 ±0.51) h, t1/2 was (2.62 ±0.24) h, and AUCinf was (149.63 ±50.49)μg · h· L-1.Conclusion The plasma concentrations of meptazinolin in Chinese healthy volunteers were proceeded in an apparently mono-exponential fashion after a single oral dose from 100 mg to 400 mg meptazinol hydrochloride cap-sula.Meptazinol has no accumulation in the human body , after multiple doses of 200 mg every 6 hours for 5 times.The accumulation of meptazinol is consistent with linear pharmacokinetic process.

AIMInducing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate to myoblasts with 5-azacytidine(5-Aza-CR), investigating the expression of Myf5 and the role of the signal transduction case of p38 in all the course of differentiation.

METHODSSeparating and purifying bone marrow-derived MSCs, inducing MSCs differentiation to myoblasts with 10 micromol/L 5-Aza-CR, assaying the gene expression time of Myf5 with RT-PCR method, the antigen expression of myosin with immunohistochemistry method and observing the changes of the activity of phosphorylation p38 before and after inhibited by SB203580 with Western-blot method.

RESULTSMSCs begin to express Myf5 delayed to the 9th day after inhibited by SB203580. Some of MSCs express myosin at the 7th day after induced; The phosphorylation p38 activity of MSCs enhanced after induced by 5-Aza-CR but obviously decreased after inhibited by SB203580.

CONCLUSIONMSCs can express myogenic regulator factors and orientation differentiate to myoblasts after induced by 5-Aza-CR, p38 really have a positive signal transduction affection in this course.

Animals ; Azacitidine ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Myoblasts ; cytology ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

In this paper, we reviewed the initiation and development of radiation medicine in China, field researches on the health effects of nuclear test and the great leap from the final reports, advance in clinical diagnosis and treatment of radiation injury, and research of radiation combined injuries. Nowadays, China makes great efforts to move up further in development and peaceful use of nuclear energy as one nuclear power. So, nuclear development and nuclear safety have ushered in new opportunities and challenges. To this end, we must maintain a clear understanding, grasp new opportunities, meet new challenges, and be prepared for danger. Thus, a bright future for research in radiation medicine will come.

Objective To introduce an optimized practical method of making and detecting pipettes for microinjection.Methods Transfer pipette was made from hard glass capillary. We softened the hard glass capillary by rotating it in a spirit-lamp flame,then moved out from the flame and quickly pulled it into two transfer pipettes.After broken by a grinding wheel,the tip of the pipette was fire-polished by quickly touching the flame to make a fine opening.A hard glass capillary (1.0 mm,ouside diametre)was pulled into two holding pipettes by pipette Puller.The pipette shoulder was broken at desired position with a grinding wheel,then the fine pipette tip opening was heated by a microforge and shrinked into a diameter -15 μm.Injection pipette could be made directly from a capillary with filament by Puller.The solution loaded injection pipette and holding pipette were assembled into the micromanipulator and could be checked before use.We transfered both pipettes into the zygotes media drop,touched the holding pipette with the tip of the injection pipette to make a "suitable"opening.Then we switched injection pipette to the mineral oil and applied injection pressure through the injector to check whether the solution could come out of the tip smoothly and at a proper speed.It could be further verified by pronucleus microinjection of zygotes.Results The results showed that the method introduced in this paper could produce suitable pipettes for zygote microinjection.In particular,the method of detecting the opening of the injection pipette was helpful for achieving high efficiency of zygote microinjection.Conclusion The method introduced here to make and detect pipettes for microinjection is very helpful for establishing a standard microinjection manipulation procedure and improving the efficiency of zygote microinjection.

Objective To analyse the relationship between Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） spectrum ofrat's spleen tissue and postmortem interval （PMI） for PMI estimation using FTIR spectroscopy combinedwith data mining method. Methods Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the cadavers were placed at 20 ℃. The FTIR spectrum data of rats' spleen tissues were taken and measured at different time points. After pretreatment, the data was analysed by data mining method. Results The absorption peak intensity of rat's spleen tissue spectrum changed with the PMI, while the absorption peak position was unchanged. The results of principal component analysis （PCA） showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96%. There was an obvious clustering tendency for the spectrum sample at each time point. The methods of partial least squares discriminant analysis （PLS- DA） and support vector machine classification （SVMC） effectively divided the spectrum samples with different PMI into four categories （0-24 h, 48-72 h, 96-120 h and 144-168 h）. The determination coefficient （R2） of the PMI estimation model established by PLS regression analysis was 0.96, and the root mean square error of calibration （RMSEC） and root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECV） were 9.90 h and 11.39 h respectively. In prediction set, the R2 was 0.97, and the root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） was 10.49 h. Conclusion The FTIR spectrum of the rat's spleen tissue can be effectively analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and data mining method, and the classification and PLS regression models can be established for PMI estimation.