Objective To investigate cholecystokinin (CCK),carbachol, and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)stimulating peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro and its molecular mechanism. Methods ~3H-lecucine incorporation assay was used to measure the basal and secretagogues-stimulated pancreatic acini elongation rates. Western blot was applied to analyse the effect of phosphorylation of the elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and the eEF2 kinase. MEK inhibitor (PD98059), SAPK/p38 inhibitor (SB202190), and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) were used to respectively block MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR intracellular pathways or the phosphatase inhibitor (calyculin A) pretreatment before CCK treatment. Results All secretagogues except VIP increased the peptide chain elongation in mouse pancreatic acini in vitro. All secretagogues except VIP inhibited the phosphorylation level of eEF2 on Thr-56 and increased the phosphorylation level of eEF2K on Ser-366, which might correlate with their activation status. MEK inhibitor PD98059 partially reversed the dephosphorylation of eEF2 induced by CCK, as did treatment p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin, and the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A.Conclusion CCK increases peptide chain elongation via inducement of dephosphorylation of eEF2 and eEF2 kinase phosphorylation in pancreatic acini in vitro. CCK-induced dephosphorylation of eEF2 in pancreatic acinar cells involves MEK, SAPK/p38, and mTOR, the three intracellular pathways.

OBJECTIVETo study the pathological change of rats' benign hyperplastic prostate (BHP) after radical denervation.

METHODSA total of 65 male spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR) at 30 weeks age were randomly assigned into treatment group, sham surgery control group and normal control group. In surgery group, all the axonal branches of the major pelvic ganglion (MPG) supplying the bilateral prostate were truncated, followed performing of cystostomy; In sham surgery control group, only cystostomy was performed; In normal control group, no procedure was performed. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 11, 15 and >or= 21 d post-operation respectively. The gross morphological changes of prostate in all animals were observed.

RESULTSIn treatment group, the prostate in 3 d post-operation showed granular solidification and shrunken volume and the changes occurred gradually over time. The glandular epithelial cells showed gradual degeneration, necrosis and detachment. The glandular epithelium became progressively thinner, the smooth muscles elongated and thinned progressively and the stromal components showed mild to moderate overgrowth. At the later stage, the glandular epithelium, glandular lumen and smooth muscles gradually disappeared and the prostate was largely replaced by connective tissues. Electron microscopic study showed that the glandular cells gradually underwent vacuolar degeneration and the structures of basement membrane became fuzzy. The smooth muscles cells degenerated overtime and the fibroblasts and collagenous fibers in the stroma overgrew slowly. At the late stage, most of the glandular cells became necrotic, the basal membrane and smooth muscle cells disappeared and collagenous fibers were highly hyperplasic. In surgery group in 3 d post-operation, the S-100 staining of nerve fiber was diffuse and disappeared after 11 d while it persisted normally in other groups. The two values in sham surgery control group showed no significant changes post-operatively.

CONCLUSIONSAfter radical denervation, the rat prostate with benign hyperplasia (gland and smooth muscles) undergoes dramatic atrophic changes and the volume decreases significantly. It suggests that this treatment may represent a novel therapy for BPH.

Animals ; Denervation ; methods ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Prostate ; innervation ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology ; surgery ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR

OBJECTIVEThe study was to reveal the vascular changes in three different supercharging flap models. From this study, we want to investigate which vessel, the artery or the vein is more important in elongating perforator flap survival and why.

METHODSTwelve rats were divided into three experimental groups. The left side flaps in all groups were pedicle using xiphoid perforator as control group. The right side flaps were supercharging experimental group. Group I, flap supercharged based on artery and vein of pubis perforator. Group II, flaps supercharged based on artery of pubis perforator. Group III, flaps supercharged based on vein of pubis perforator. Near-infrared fluorescent angiography was performed using SPY imaging system pre-and-aft operation and all angiography videos were compared and analyzed.

RESULTSShowed in angiography video of SPY, in control group and vein supercharging group, blood supply could be observed the immediately reducing, and almost be disappeared the amount of perfusion to distal area. It shows relatively constant necrosis in the distal side of control group and vein supercharging group, and the necrosis of vein supercharging group smaller than these of control group. In artery, vein supercharging group and artery supercharging group, blood perfusion could be observed separately perfusion in the upper and low area of flap. There are complete survival showed on the artery supercharging group and artery and vein supercharging group.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicated that congestive flap necrosis attribute to insufficiency of arterial blood. Arterial inflow was demonstrated more important for improved survival of distal flap than venous outflow.

Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; physiology ; Veins

BACKGROUNDThe treatment for long bone defects has been a hot topic in the field of regenerative medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of calcium sulfate (CS) combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on long bone defect restoration.

METHODSA radial bone defect model was constructed through an osteotomy using New Zealand rabbits. The rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group): a CS combined with PRP (CS-PRP) group, a CS group, a PRP group, and a positive (recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2) control group. PRP was prepared from autologous blood using a two-step centrifugation process. CS-PRP was obtained by mixing hemihydrate CS with PRP. Radiographs and histologic micrographs were generated. The percentage of bone regenerated bone area in each rabbit was calculated at 10 weeks. One-way analysis of variance was performed in this study.

RESULTSThe radiographs and histologic micrographs showed bone restoration in the CS-PRP and positive control groups, while nonunion was observed in the CS and PRP groups. The percentages of bone regenerated bone area in the CS-PRP (84.60 ± 2.87%) and positive control (52.21 ± 4.53%) groups were significantly greater than those in the CS group (12.34 ± 2.17%) and PRP group (16.52 ± 4.22%) (P < 0.001). In addition, the bone strength of CS-PRP group (43.10 ± 4.10%) was significantly greater than that of the CS group (20.10 ± 3.70%) or PRP group (25.10 ± 2.10%) (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONCS-PRP functions as an effective treatment for long bone defects through stimulating bone regeneration and enhancing new bone strength.

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; drug effects ; Calcium Sulfate ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rabbits

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the ' buddy-in-jail ' technique applied to complex coronary artery lesions during percutaneous coronary intervention.Methods A total of 12640 PCI cases from 4 different hospitals admitted between June 2014 to June 2017 were reviewed. Among them, the balloons or stents were unable to be delivered into the lesions in 25 cases. The "buddy-in-jail"technique was applied in 21 of these 25 cases. According to the guidewires used, the 21 cases were divided into the hydrophilic coated guidewire group(n=9) and non-hydrophilic coated guidewire group(n=21). The rates of procedural success and complications were compared between the 2 groups.Results 18 cases(18/21)were successfully treated with the "buddy-in-jail " technique. The success rates were similar between patients using the same artery(9/11) as the "buddy" vessel patients using other arteries(9/10) (P=0.593). Procedural success rates were also similar between patients using hydrophilic-coated guidewires (7/9) and non- hydrophilic coated guidewires(11/12)(P=0.386). All the wires were successfully taken out without complication.Conclusions "Buddy-in-jail" technique offers a potential alternative approach for patients with difflculty in delivering the balloon or stent to the target lesion.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of the polluted SY River on children's growth and sex hormones, and provide scientific data for assessment of the polluted status of the SY River.

METHODSThe study areas were selected randomly from the SY River Basin. Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), phthalates (DEP, DBP, DMP, DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were measured both in the river water and in the drinking water. School children were selected by cluster sampling (n=154). Physical development indexes (height, weight, bust-circumference, and skinfold thickness) and sex hormones [testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2)] were measured for all the children.

RESULTSThe contents of Pb and Hg exceeded Class V standards of surface water quality in each section of the river and other indicators exceeded Class III. Compared to the control area, the concentrations of Pb, Hg, As, BPA, DEP, and DBP in the drinking water were significantly higher than in the polluted area (P<0.05). Children from the control area had significantly lower E2 and T than children from the polluted area (P<0.05). Among anthropometric results, only skinfold thickness had statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05), while the other indexes showed no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe drinking water has been polluted by the SY River and affected serum sex hormone levels of children living in the polluted area.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; drug effects ; Child ; Child Development ; drug effects ; China ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Rivers ; chemistry ; Water ; chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; toxicity ; Water Pollution, Chemical ; adverse effects ; Water Supply ; analysis

Aim To observe the protective effects of cordycepin ( Cor) on dopaminergic neurons in 1-meth-yl-4-phenyl-1 , 2 , 3 , 6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP )-in-duced mouse model of Parkinson's disease ( PD) and to explore its mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 mice were administered with MPTP to establish the PD mod-el. Mice in Cor groups were pretreated with Cor (2.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg·kg-1 ) by intragastric administra-tion, respectively. The motor functions of the mice were observed in the open-field test, rotarod test and pole test. The content of DA, the numbers of TH-im-munoreactive cells and apoptotic cells were measured respectively by HPLC-ECD, immunohistochemistry staining and TUNEL staining. The expression of apop-tosis related proteins and MAPK signaling pathway-re-lated proteins ( p38 , p-p38 , ERK1/2 , p-ERK1/2 JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 ) were determined by Western blot. Results Cor could significantly improve the mo-tor dysfunction in PD mice. The contents of DA, DOPAC and HVA in the striatum remarkably increased after administration of Cor in MPTP-induced mice. Mo-reover, Cor could obviously reduce both the loss of TH-immunoreactive neurons and the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in substantia nigra pars compacta ( SNpc) of PD mice. The protein expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were markedly down-regulated,whereas those of Bcl-2 and the ration of Bcl-2/Bax were significantly up-regulated by Cor pre-treatment followed by MPTP treatment. Furthermore, the protein expressions of p-p38 , p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 signif-icantly decreased in substantia nigra in Cor groups. Conclusions The results suggest that Cor can protect DA neurons against MPTP-induced injury by inhibiting apoptosis, which may be closely relevant to the inhibi-tion of MAPK signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the applied anatomy of the blood supply of the cervicoacromial crossing flap and its feasibility in clinical application.

METHODS5 fresh adult and 10 forman fixed adult cadaver specimens were used. The arteries, veins, cutaneous arteries, subdermal vascular network, and vascular network of the superficial layer of deep fascia in the cervico-acromial area were observed and studied under the microscope. The frontier border of the cervico-acromial area is clavicle, the posterior border is the spine of scapula, the outer border is acromion and the inner border is cervical base.

RESULTS(1) The perforator branches concentrate at the front edge of trapezius muscle; (2) The vessel network around the front edge of trapezius muscle is abundant. Among the anastomosis, two or three anastomosis which across the area from the base of the neck to acromion can be observed in the axial of every cervico-acromial area. Abundant vessel network can be observed in the superficial layer of deep fascia.

CONCLUSIONSThe blood supply of the cervico-acromial flap is abundant, which constains constant perforator point. The cervico-acromial crossing skin flap can be applied with the rich blood supply and abundant vessel network in the superficial layer of deep fascia.

Adult ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Cadaver ; Clavicle ; Humans ; Scapula ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Veins ; anatomy & histology

OBJECTIVETo discuss the treatment of congenital hypospadias in infancy.

METHODSAfter correction of chordee, the tubed oral mucosa was used to prefabricate urethra in penis as free graft. The urethral anastomosis was performed at the second stage. The scrotum fascia flap, pedicled with scrotal artery, was transferred to cover the penile defect.

RESULTSFrom Jan. 2007 to May 2010, 42 cases were treated. The tubed oral mucosa was 3.0-4.0 cm in length, and 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter. The maximum size of scrotum flap was 1.5 cm x 3.0 cm. Urethral fistula happened in two cases due to necrosis at the distal end of scrotal flap, which was healed spontaneously after dressing for 1-2 weeks. Primary healing was achieved in all the other cases. After operation, the 26 cases have been visited for 6 months to 3 years, no urethra fistula , narrow and the penis curved. There is an universal urinate for oneself and a good form.

CONCLUSIONSThe tubed oral mucosa can be used to prefabricate urethra, which is anastomosed at the second stage. The tubed oral mucosa combined with scrotal fascial flap which has a reliable blood supply, is very suitable for hypospadias in infancy.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; Child, Preschool ; Fasciotomy ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; surgery ; Infant ; Male ; Mouth Mucosa ; transplantation ; Scrotum ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effect of temporal-zygomatic expanded flaps pedicled with orbicularis oculi muscle (00M) for sub-orbital defects.

METHODS16 cases with sub-orbital defects were treated. The expanders were implanted at temporal-zygomatic region at the first stage. At the second stage, temporal-zygomatic expanded flaps pedicled with OOM were designed and transferred to repair the suborbital defects.

RESULTSAll the expanded flaps survived completely. 11 cases were followed up for 3 months to 3 years. The flaps had no contracture with a good match of color and texture with surrounding tissue. The scar was also inconspicious.

CONCLUSIONSThe temporal-zygomatic expanded flaps can be used for large size defects below orbit. It is very flexible, leaving minimal morbidity for the whole face.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Facial Injuries ; surgery ; Facial Muscles ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin ; injuries ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Expansion ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult