Charged particle radiation is one of the most precise approaches for external radiation right now. With a characteristic inverted depth?dose profile and a high?dose Bragg peak at the end of the range, charged particle radiation therapy can deliver a high dose of radiation to tumor without damages in tissue around the tumor. However, a shift of Bragg peak would result in severe consequences. Therefore, it is extremely important to monitor the radiation beam. Application of position emission tomography ( PET) in proton and heavy?ion radiation therapy makes it possible to get accurate radiation range and position of the particle beam, which improves the treatment accuracy of charged particle therapy. This paper introduces the current application of PET in position verification of charge particle range radiation therapy.

Objective To explore the bio-effects of high single-dose irradiation on MDA-MB-231 xenografts under the same radiation dose.Method Female BALB/c-nu mice bearing 8-9 mm MDA-MB-231 xenografts were randomized into 5 groups:0Gy group (blank control group),high single-dose 8Gy group (8Gy/one fraction/day),high single-dose 10Gy group (10Gy/one fraction/ day),conventional radiation 2Gy × 4 group (8Gy/4 fraction/4d),conventional radiation 2Gy × 5 group (10Gy/5 fraction/5d).The volumes of gross tumors on nude mice were observed every three days.The tumor growth curve of transplanted tumor were also drawn.The 18F -FDG PET/CT imaging of mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts from all radiation groups were performed with detecting the Ki-67 expressions of tumor ceils by immunohistochemistry at 7days and 14days after final irradiation.Results Compared to control group,the tumor growth of all radiation groups were delayed after radiation,especially single high-dose 10Gy groups (P ＜ 0.05).At 7days and 14days after final radiation,the SUVmax (the maximal standardized uptake value) of xenografts in high single-dose groups was lower than that in conventional fractional groups (P ＜ 0.05) under the same radiation dose.And the percent of Ki-67 positive cells after high single-dose irradiation were less than fractioned irradiation at 7,14days after final radiation (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion At the same dose,high single-dose irradiation inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts more than conventional fraction irradiation.PET/CT also could evaluated the early changes of proliferation activities of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells after irradiation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and general pattern of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) occurred in our hospital. METHODS:A total of 258 ADR cases collected from June 2006 to June 2008 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients' age and sex,drug variety,clinical manifestations,routes of administraiton and dosage forms etc. RESULTS:Of the total 258 ADR cases,the majority(64.34%) were induced by antimicrobial drugs; 45.74% presented with lesions of skin and its appendants,and 77.91% were induced by intravenous way. CONCLUSION:To develop and strengthen ADR monitoring and reporting should be regarded as the key to enhance medication safety.

Purpose To investigate the effects of intervention with Tanakan on anterior ocular segment in diabetic retinopathy (DR) after retinal photocoagulation. Methods Prospective random controlled study was performed on 72 patients (72 eyes) with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),by obtaining and quantitatively analyzing the changes of anterior ocular segment including anterior chamber, anterior chamber angle, ciliary body and choroids before and the 3rd day and the 7th day after retinal photocoagulation. Results Three days after photocoagulation, significant elevated IOP and narrowed chamber angle were observed in control group and 4 eyes (11.11%) in Tanakan group (P

Objective To investigate the ultrasound characteristics of prenatal fetus otocephaly . Methods Three prenatal fetus with otocephaly were examined with two -and three-dimensional ultrasoundand examined results were compared with the those of induced labor or autopsy ,and ultrasound characteristicsof prenatal fetus were analyzed and summarized .Results The ultrasound performance of three prenatal fetuswith otocephaly and the examination of the appearance after induced labor showed :(1) The most intuitiveinitial sonographic performance of otocephaly was manifested by the absence of stomach bubble andoverabundance of amniotic fluid.Among three fetus,one fetus had overabundance of amniotic fluid at the midstageof pregnancy,one fetus had normal amniotic fluid at the mid-stage of pregnancy and one fetus hadextremely high amount of amniotic fluid and absence of stomach bubble at late stage of pregnancy .(2) Allthree fetus showed agnathy and synotia (shifts of both ears to the midline) and microstomia deformity.(3) All three fetus had associated complications with deformity in other systems including two cases of patients withcleft lip and palat,both were the fracture unilateral cleft lip derived from small mouth .One fetus withdysmelia and one fetus with complicated cardiovascular deformity and situs inversus and .(4) The results ofexamination after induced labor or autopsy were consistent with those of the prenatal ultrasound examination . Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound examination is an effective and feasible means for the diagnoses ofotocephaly.When the symptoms of “absence of stomach bubble and extremely high amount of amniotic fluid ”occurred,the fetal ear and submaxilla should be examined to confirm stand -alone otocephaly prenatally.

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein and the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK in CA1 hippocampus in rats during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) preconditioning.

METHODSThirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 5 in each group): sham 0 min group, IH + sham 0 min group, sham 7 d group, IH + sham 7 d group, Ischemia (Is) 7 d group, and IH + Is 7 d group. Neuropathological evaluation was performed by thionine staining in CA1 hippocampus in rats. The expression of p-p38 MAPK in CA1 hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining. And the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK was observed by immunofluorescent double labeling.

RESULTSThe results showed that IH preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance successfully. At the same time, IH preconditioning obviously up-regulated the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein in CA1 hippocampus, and also increased the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK.

CONCLUSIONIt might be concluded that IH preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance by up-regulating the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein in pyramidal neurones and astrocytes.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; enzymology ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; Hypoxia ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

The AC impedance of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells were measured in our laboratory by Agilent 4294A impedance analyzer in the frequency range of 0.01-100 MHz. And then the effect of hematocrit on electrical impedance characteristics of hepatoma cells was observed by electrical impedance spectroscopy, Bode diagram, Nyquist diagram and Nichols diagram. The results showed that firstly, there is a frequency dependence, i.e., the increment of real part and the imaginary part of complex electrical impedance (δZ', δZ"), the increment of the amplitude modulus of complex electrical impedance (δ[Z *]) and phase angle (δθ) were all changed with the increasing frequency. Secondly, it showed cell volume fraction (CVF) dependence, i. e. , the increment of low-frequency limit (δZ'0, δ[Z*] 0), peak (δZ"(p), δθ(p)), area and radius (Nyquist diagram, Nichols diagram) were all increased along with the electric field frequency. Thirdly, there was the presence of two characteristic frequencies: the first characteristic frequency (f(c1)) and the second characteristic frequency (f(c2)), which were originated respectively in the polarization effects of two interfaces that the cell membrane and extracellular fluid, cell membrane and cytoplasm. A conclusion can be drawn that the electrical impedance spectroscopy is able to be used to observe the electrical characteristics of human hepatoma cells, and therefore this method can be used to investigate the electrophysiological mechanisms of liver cancer cells, and provide research tools and observation parameters, and it also has important theoretical value and potential applications for screening anticancer drugs.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Electric Impedance ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Membrane Potentials

The morbidity of diabetes has been increasing rapidly in recent years. Delayed wound healing has become a common complication in diabetes, which seriously affects the orthobiosis of patients. Exploring and finding the molecular mechanisms of diabetic wound healing and the effective therapies to promote wound healing have important clinical significances. Stem cells transplant has become a research hotspot in accelerating diabetic wound healing. This article reviewed the present approaches concerning stem cells transplant in diabetic wound healing both at domestic and abroad, and looked forward the clinical therapy of stem cells on diabetic wound healing.
Diabetes Mellitus ; therapy ; Humans ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Stem Cells ; Wound Healing

Objective To investigate the clinic pathologic features of young patients with renal malignant tumour by comparing with older patients. Methods The clinical data of 83 younger adults(age,≤40 years) with renal cell carcinoma and 703 cases of older renal cell carcinoma (age＞40 years)was analyzed and compared retrospectively. All of the patients were surgically treated between 1986and 2007. Results Among patients with symptoms, younger female patients were more likely to have abdominal pain(12/27, 44.4% vs. 154/703, 21.9%)and mass (2/27, 7.4% vs. 154/703,1.3%)than older (P＜0.05). The older groups were more likely to have dear cell carcinoma than in the younger(501/703, 71.3% vs. 47/83, 56.6%)(P＜0.05). The rate of PRCC has the trends to be higher in young patients than that in older patients (21/83, 25.3% vs. 118/703, 16.8%) (P=0.054),especially in male patients (17/56, 30.4 %) (P=0.011). The rate of MFH and leiomyosarcoma was significantly higher in young patients than that in older patients (6/83, 7.2% vs. 12/703,1.7%) (P＜ 0.05), especially in female patients (4/27,14.8%). Younger male patients were more likely to have a higher incidence of small tumors (T≤4 cm)(24/56,42.9 % vs. 173/703,24.6 % )(P＜0.05)and a lower incidence of big RCC(T＞7 cm) than older patients(12/56,21.4% vs. 295/703,42.0%) (P＜0.05). Conclusion Younger female renal cell carcinoma patients tends to have worseprognosis than older patients, while younger male patients have better prognosis due to different pathology.

Adult ; Barotrauma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paint