Objective\ To evaluate the possibility of predicting renal function from creatinine clearance calculated by lean body weight(LBWCcr).Methods\ 81 patients of renal disease were selected.The ratio between 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion(24hUcr)and lean body weight(LBW)was evaluated in 51 patients.The other 30 patients was determined DTPA-GFR,LBWCcr and 4hCcr.DTPA-GFR was used as criteria.LBWCcr and 4hCcr were compared with it in order to validate the feasibility of LBWCcr and 4hCcr.Results\ There was no statistical significance among the three methods,P=0 56 The correlation coefficient between LBWCcr and 4hCcr with DTPA-GFR was 0 89 and 0 86,respectively.The analysis of linearity regression showed that the trend of LBWCcr was better than 4hCcrmin in predicting renal function.In fatty group and renal failure group the results were similar.Conclusion\ LBWCcr can estimate the renal function accurately,simply and rapidly.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and antibiotic resistance of isolates from hospitalized patients with hematological disease in 2005-2007.METHODS A total of 431 bacterial strains were isolated from patients with hematological disease from Jan 2005 to Dec 2007.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was taken by micro-dilution method.RESULTS Among the 364 bacterial strains,170(39.5.7%)were Gram-positive organisms and 194(45.0%) were Gram-negatives.Among the 170 Gram-positive strains,41.2% were enterococci and 6.3% were E.faecium strains.meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and meticillin-resistant coagulase negative staphylococcus(MRCNS) accounted for 71.4% and 35.8%.No vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus spp and Enterococcus spp were found.The top 5 Gram-negtive species were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Acinetobacter baumannii.Detection rates of ESBLs in E.coli and K.pneumoniae were 17.5% and 9.1%.Two pan-resistant P.aeruginosa strains were found in 2007.CONCLUSIONS Our data are important and valuable for the rational antimicrobial therapy of infections in patients with hematolagical disease.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of glutathione (GSH) in preventing oxaliplatin-in-duced peripheral neurotoxicity(OIPN),and to provide evidence-based reference in the clinic. METHODS:Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about therapeutic efficacy of GSH vs. placebo/no any measures (called placbo group) or other drug in preventing OIPN were retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane library,CJFD,Wanfang database and VIP. Meta-analysis was performed with Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation with Jadad scale. RESULTS:18 RCTs were in-cluded,involving 1200 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that:total incidence of oxaliplatin-induced chronic peripheral neurotoxicity (OICPN)[RR=0.71,95%CI(0.59,0.87),P<0.001] and the incidence of severe OICPN [RR=0.50,95%CI(0.42, 0.60),P<0.001] in GSH group were significantly lower than placebo group,with statistical significance;there was statistical signif-icance in the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral neurotoxicity(OIAPN)[RR=0.89,95%CI(0.72,1.09),P=0.25]. The incidence of severe OICPN in GSH group was significantly higher than mecobalamine group,with statistical significance [RR=2.06,95%CI(1.07,3.99),P=0.03]. There was no statistical significance in the incidence of OICPN[RR=1.38,95%CI(0.83,2.31), P=0.21] and severe OICPN [RR=1.91,95%CI(0.85,4.30),P=0.12] between GSH group and Ca+Mg mixture group. CONCLU-SIONS:GSH can effectively prevent the occurrence of OICPN,however,its therapeutic efficacy is equivalent to Ca+Mg mixture and inferior to mecobalamine in preventing severe OICPN.

The human resident microorganisms constitute the second genome of human body. Oral microbiome is closely related to the oral and systemic health and diseases. Implementation of high-throughput gene chip and second-generation sequencing has gained in-depth characterization of the oral microbiome, changing our view on host-microbe interactions. In this review, we summarized the latest progress in oral microbial metagenomics and addressed its potential value in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases and other systemic disorders.
Humans ; Metagenome ; Metagenomics ; Mouth ; microbiology

Objective: To investigate the specific cytotoxicities of the second and third generations of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) -engineered T cells (CAR-T) on different lymphomas. Methods: CAR-Ts were prepared by lentivirus packaging and infection of T cells. CCK-8, ELISA and Lactate dehydrogenase cytotoxicity assay were applied to detect the proliferation capacity, the secretion level of inflammatory factor and the specific cytotoxicity. Flow cytometry assay showed the specific cytotoxicity and residual level of CAR-T in lymphomas of treated mice. Results: The results showed that the third generation CAR-T had greater capacity of the specific cytotoxicity and proliferation capacity than of the second generation CAR-T. But there was no prominent change of the secretion level of inflammatory factor. The specific cytotoxicity of the second generation CAR-T on highly aggressive lymphomas Raji was more prominent than in inert EHEB, but also could achieve satisfactory effect. The tumor burden in the mice injected with Raji was lower than in the mice injected with EHEB from nude mice experiment. But the residual level of CAR-T in the EHEB-injected mice was higher than in the Raji-injected ones. So the second generation CAR-T was more suitable for the treatment of indolent lymphoma. Conclusion The second generation CD19 CAR-T could treat aggressive lymphoma in a relatively short period, while the second generation CD19 CAR-T need a longer time in vivo to achieve satisfactory curative effect on the noble lymphoma.

To investigate the difference between the functions of oxygen uptake in skeletal muscle and living habits of plateau zokor (Myospalax rufescens baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniac), the microvessel densities (MVD) of skeletal muscle of plateau zokor, plateau pika and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat were measured by immunohistochemical staining; the numerical density on area (N(A)) of mitochondria, and surface density (S(V), external surface area density of mitochondria per unit volume of skeletal muscle fiber) were obtained by stereo microscope technique; mRNA levels of myoglobin (Mb) in skeletal muscle were determined by real-time PCR, and the contents of Mb protein in skeletal muscle were determined by spectro-photometer. The results showed that MVD, N(A) and S(V) of mitochondria in skeletal muscle of plateau pika were significantly lower than those of plateau zokor and SD rat (P<0.05). The mRNA levels of Mb gene in skeletal muscle of plateau zokor and plateau pika were notably higher than that of SD rat (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the contents of Mb among these three species, and plateau zokor and SD rat presented the highest and the lowest value, respectively (P<0.05). The results suggest that even though plateau zokor inhabits in the hypoxia environment, most of its skeletal muscle fiber are red muscle fiber. While most of skeletal muscle fibers of plateau pika are white muscle fibers. This kind of white muscle has low MVD, N(A) and S(V) of mitochondria and less content of Mb compared with the red one, suggesting it obtains most energy from aerobic oxidation. The above-mentioned differences in skeletal muscles may be related to not only the different species, but also the different living habits of these two high altitude species.
Animals ; Hypoxia ; Lagomorpha ; physiology ; Microvessels ; physiology ; Mitochondria, Muscle ; physiology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; physiology ; Myoglobin ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodentia ; physiology

Plateau zokor (Myospalax baileyi) and plateau pika (Ochotona curzniae) are native to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. To study their adaptive mechanisms, the ratios of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) and right to left ventricular plus septum weights [RV/(LV+S)] were determined; the microvessel density (MVD) of cardiac muscle were measured by immunohistochemical staining; the numerical density on area (N(A)), volume density (V(V)), specific surface (δ), and surface density (S(V)) of mitochondria were obtained by microscopy and stereology; the contents of myoglobin (Mb) and lactic acid (LD), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in cardiac muscle were analyzed by spectrophotometer. The results showed that the HW/BW of plateau zokor [(4.55±0.26)%] and plateau pika [(4.41±0.38)%] was significantly greater than that of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat [(3.44±0.41)%] (P<0.05), but the RV/(LV+S) [(22.04±1.98)%, (25.53±3.41)%] was smaller than that of SD rats [(44.23±3.87)%] (P<0.05). The MVD and N(A) of cardiac muscle were 1688.631±250.253 and 0.768±0.123 in SD rat, 2002.888±367.466 and 0.868±0.159 in plateau pika and 2 990.643±389.888 and 1.012±0.133 in plateau zokor. The V(V) of mitochondria in plateau zokor (0.272±0.045) was significantly lower than that in plateau pika (0.343±0.039) and SD rat (0.321±0.048) (P<0.05), while the δ of mitochondria in plateau zokor (9.409±1.238) was higher than that in plateau pika (6.772±0.892) and SD rat (7.287±1.373) (P<0.05). The S(V) of mitochondria in plateau pika (2.322±0.347) was not obviously different from that in plateau zokor (2.468±0.380) and SD rat (2.227±0.377), but that in plateau zokor was significantly higher than that in SD rat (P<0.05). The contents of Mb in cardiac muscle of plateau zokor [(763.33±88.73) nmol/g] and plateau pika [(765.96±28.47) nmol/g] were significantly higher than that of SD rat [(492.38±72.14) nmol/g] (P<0.05), the content of LD in plateau zokor [(0.57±0.06) mmol/L] was obviously higher than that in plateau pika [(0.45±0.06) mmol/L] and SD rat [(0.48±0.02) mmol/L] (P<0.05), and the activity of LDH in plateau zokor [(16.90±2.00) U/mL] and plateau pika [(20.55±2.46) U/mL] were significantly lower than that in SD rat [(38.26±6.78) U/mL] (P<0.05). The percentage of LDH-H in cardiac muscle decreased in order in plateau zokor, plateau pika and SD rat. In conclusion, plateau zokor and plateau pika adapt better to hypoxia than SD rat by increasing the SV of mitochondria, MVD and content of Mb in the cardiac muscle. However, the parameters of mitochondria in the two high-altitude animals are different possibly because of the differences of habitats and habits.
Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Heart ; physiology ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lagomorpha ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tibet

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe planning dose distribution of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has to be verified before clinical implementation. The commonly used verification method is to measure the beam fluency at 0 degree gantry angle with a 2-dimensional (2D) detector array, but not the composite dose distribution of the real delivery in the planned gantry angles. This study was to investigate the angular dependence of a 2D diode array (2D array) and the feasibility of using it to verify the composite dose distribution of IMRT.

METHODSAngular response of the central detector in the 2D array was measured for 6 MV X-ray, 10 cmx10 cm field and 100 cm source axis distance (SAD) in different depths. With the beam incidence angle of 0-60 degrees, at intervals of 10 degrees, and inherent buildup of the 2D array (2 g/cm2), the array was irradiated and the readings of the central diode were compared with the measurement of thimble ionization chamber. Using a combined 30 cmx30 cmx30 cm phantom which consisted of solid water slabs on top and underlying the 2D array, with the diode detectors placed at 8 g/cm2 depth, measurements were taken for beam angles of 0 degrees-180 degrees at intervals of 10 degrees and compared with the calculation of treatment planning system (TPS) that pre-verified with ion chamber measuring.

RESULTSDifferences between the array detector and thimble chamber measurements were greater than 1% and 3.5% when the beam angle was larger than 30 degrees and 60 degrees, respectively. The measurements in the combined phantom were different from the calculation as high as 20% for 90 degrees beam angle, 2% at 90 degrees+/-5 degrees and less than 1% for all the other beam angles.

CONCLUSIONSThe 2D diode array is capable of being used in composite dose verification of IMRT when the beam angles of 90 degrees+/-5 degrees and 270 degrees+/-5 degrees are avoided.

Calibration ; Feasibility Studies ; Particle Accelerators ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiometry ; instrumentation ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; instrumentation ; methods

Objective To investigate the immunophenotypic characteristics of potential leukemia cells transfected with CD19 antigen receptor( CAR) during CAR-T cell preparation. Methods Morphological chan-ges in CD19 CAR-transfected cells were observed under inverted microscope. The transfection rate and immuno-phenotype of transfected Nalm-6 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Secretion of cytokines in the culture sys-tem was detected by chemiluminescence. Results The transfection rate of Nalm-6 cells by CD19 CAR was (46. 50±3. 78) ％ and that of KG1a cells was (15. 70±1. 22) ％. CD19 CAR-transfected Nalm-6 cells prolifer-ated more rapidly than Nalm-6 cells ( P values on 0 d, 4 d, 7 d and 12 d were 6. 339, 3. 447, 0. 012 and 0. 009). In the culture of CD19 CAR-transfected Nalm-6 cells, cell aggregation and adhesion were observed and they gradually gathered into a group. The rate of CD19 expression was only 1. 19％ in the CD19 CAR-transfect-ed Nalm-6 cell culture system with the transfection rate of (46. 50±3. 78) ％. After increasing the proportion of Nalm-6 cells in the culture system, CD19 expression was gradually increased, while the expression of CD22 re-mained stable. CD19 expressed by Nalm-6 cells cultured in the supernatant of CD19 CAR-transfected Nalm-6 cell culture system was decreased gradually. The levels of IL-10 and TNF-αsecreted by CD19 CAR-transfected Nalm-6 cells were higher than those by Nalm-6 cells. Conclusions Results of the immunophenotypic analysis of CD19 CAR-transfected leukemia cells suggested that CD22 CAR-T cell therapy could be used as a rescue or combination therapy for CD19 CAR transfection into leukemia cells.

Placentation,which is critical for maternal-fetal exchange of nutrients and gases,is a complicated process comprising stepwise vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.Hypoxia caused by impairedtrophoblast invasion may cause various angiogenic abnormalities in human placenta.The Notchl signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis.The angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under normal/hypoxic conditions and the mRNA/protein level of Notchl/Dell4/Jaggedl were investigated in this study.The effects of DAPT/JAG-1 on the migration of HUVECs were also assessed by cell wound healing assay,so as to discover the possible role of notchl signaling pathway in the angiogenesis of human placenta.The results showed that angiogenic ability of HUVECs was seriously reduced under hypoxic conditions.The mRNA and protein levels of Notchl/Dell4/Jaggedl were decreased in the hypoxic group compared to the control one.In addition,the migration capability of HUVECs was significantly obstructed when treated with DAPT and under hopoxic condition,but promoted when treated with JAG-1.The above results demonstrate that hypoxia downregulates the angiogenesis in human placenta via Notch 1 signaling pathway.