Atypical monkeypox broke out in many non-endemic countries in 2022, and the cumulative number of cases worldwide reached 21 775 on July 11. Although most cases of atypical monkeypox outbreaks were related to sexual behavior, there was no clear consensus on whether monkeypox is a sexually transmitted disease, and the current guidelines issued in China for the diagnosis and treatment of monkeypox do not yet rule out monkeypox as a sexually transmitted disease. This review analyzed the evidence supporting atypical monkeypox as a sexually transmitted disease and other possible explanations from the perspectives of monkeypox case definition/diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, clinical features, laboratory examinations, and public health prevention and control measures, aiming to provide suitable recommendations for the prevention and control of monkeypox outbreaks in China.

Remote ischaemic preconditioning(RIPC)is defined as brief ischemia in one organ could confer resistance to subsequent lethal ischemia insults in remote organ.Accumulating data from either basic research or clinical trials had demonstrated the cardioprotective effect offered by RIPC,which is a safe and effective means of reducing ischemia reperfusion injury.The aim of the review is to summarize the advance in the clinical application of RIPC.

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play an important role in the cardiac ischemic and reperfusion injury.However,accumulating evidences have demonstrated that ROS are pivotal components of redox signaling cascade relevant to cardioprotection induced by either preconditioning or postconditioning. In this review,the definition, source and detection methods of ROS are introduced.Besides,the role of ROS in the cardioprotection offered by preconditioning or postconditioning and the effects of either preconditioning or postconditioning on ROS are summarized.

Acupuncture Points ; Head ; anatomy & histology ; Humans

Objective To know the expression of 47 kD protein of orientia tsutsugamushi(Ot) Karp strain and test its immunogenicity and antigenicity.Methods Forty-seven kD protein gene that code the whole mat peptide was amplified from the genomic DNA of Ot.Karp strain by PCR and constructed to a recombinant plasmid pGEX-47.The E. coli cells BL21 were transformed with pGEX-47,then the transformants were induced to express the recombinant 47 kD protein by IPTG. The antigenicity and immunogeni-(city) were identified by Dot Blot method and the experiment of immunizing mice respectively.Results 1. The PCR product of 47 kD protein gene of Ot.Karp strain was obtained and its sequence was the same as the published 47 kD protein gene.2. The E.coli expression plasmid pGEX-47 constructed was identified containing the 47 kD protein gene fragment by restrication analysis and PCR identification,and an expression band about 47 kD was detected by SDS-PAGE of the purified product from GST-fusson protein expressed by pGEX-47. 3.Dot Blot analysis and the experiment of immunizing mice testified its antigenicity and immunogenicity.Conclusions The 47 kD protein gene of Ot Karp strain is amplified that code the whole mat peptide, which can be expressed in prokaryotic cells and the expressed protein has antigenicity and immunogenicity.

Anemia, Aplastic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Benzene ; poisoning ; Expert Testimony ; Humans ; Male ; Occupational Diseases ; diagnosis

Objective To observe the influence of diabetes mellitus or insulin on fluctuations of serum potassium in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods 52 cases of hemodialysis patients,including 30 non-diabetes patients,11 patients with diabetes but not using insulin,11 diabetes patients using insulin.At the time of 0,24,48 h during dialysis,we collected serum samples from the 52 patients,serum potassium was compared among the three groups.Results On 0,24,48 h,serum potassium level of the diabetes but not using insulin group had no significant difference with the non-diabetes group.While in diabetes using insulin group,serum potassium level was lower compared with the non-diabetes group or diabetes not using insulin group.Conclusions Diabetes itself had no effect on serum potassium fluctuations of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,however,insulin can reduce the pre-dialysis serum potassium levels of MHD patients.

Objective To investigate the cerebral regularity of dynamic charge and the correlation with intracranial pressure(ICP),clinical seriousness and prognosis on acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) patients by transcranial Doppler(TCD).Methods 54 patients with first acute supratentorial ICH 24h after onset were studied.All patients were dynamic evaluated by beside TCD on 1st,7th,21st day.The correlation of TCD with ICP,MESSS were studied.Results On the 1st day the TCD abnormity of the acute phase of the ICH occurred mainly in the anterior circulation of cerebrum,in which the cardinal manifestation was high-resistance,low-flow velocity blood waveforms,especially on the bleeding side.Continuous TCD monitoring revealed the low velocity of the cerebral blood flow increased;meanwhile the high value of PI decreased gradually and the TCD monitoring was within the normal range three weeks after the attack.The ICP had negative correlation with the VmMCA,positive correlation with the PI value.MESSS scale had negative correlation with the VmMCA,positive correlation with the PI value.Conclusions The TCD examination can be used to monitor the cerebral hemodynamics of the patients suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage.The combination of fVEP and TCD facilitate the evaluation of the dynamic changes of ICP so as to instruct lowering the ICP.

Objective To study the role of using PSA in prostate cancer screening in the male physical examination population over 50yrs in Beijing.Methods From January 2010 to December 2010,in Physical Examination Center of Beijing Hospital and Beijing MeiZhao Health Screening Center,men over 50years with PSA records in the past three years (from 2007 to 2009) were selected.The exclusion criteria included history of prostate cancer,severe diseases of the heart,brain,lung,liver and kidney,and mental or neurological disorders.People who couldn't cooperate with the investigation due to any reasons were excluded as well.The number of recruited cases was 2862.Among the cases,males with PSA over 4 μμg/L received prostate biopsy after singing the informed consent form.The average age was 67.2 ± 9.3 years.Results In the 2862 males,2621 cases (91.5％) had normal PSA levels and 241 cases (8.5％) had abnormal PSA levels.With the age increasing from 50 to 89 years,the proportion of abnormal PSA levels increased significantly from 2.7％ to 10.9％,P ＜ O.001.86 patients (33.2％) received prostate biopsy in the group of abnormal PSA levels; The positive prostate biopsy rate was 41.4％ (39/86).In PSA ＜4 μg/Lgroup,the positive rate was 25.0％ ; in 4 μg/L≤PSA ＜ 10 μg/L group,the positive rate was 29.8％ ; in PSA ≥ 10 μg/L group,the positive rate was 68.9％,P ＜ 0.001.With the PSA level increasing,the proportion of the localized cancer decreased from 100％ to 70％,and the ratio of locally advanced and distant metastatic tumor increased from 0 to 30％ ; the proportion of Gleason≤6 fell from 100％ to 30％,the proportion of Gleason ≥ 8 increased from 0 to 50％.The differences above did not show statistical significance.Conclusions Use of PSA in prostate cancer screening for men over 50 years could increase the detection rate of prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVETo sequence the gene encoding glutamate rich protein (GLURP) and identify the genotypes of geographically different Plasmodium falciparum (P. f) isolates from China.

METHODSThe gene of R2 repeat region of GLURP was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction and cloned into T-vector. The nucleotide sequence of GLURP gene was determined by automatic sequencer (Dideoxy termination method) and analyzed by DNA Star software.

RESULTSAt least 7 different GLURP genotypes ranging from 600 bp to 1,500 bp were found in Yunnan and Hainan provinces. R2 region of GLURP gene consisted of several repeat units. Each repeat unit was composed of 19-20 residues which were shown to be highly conserved. GLURP gene was also size polymorphic due to differences in the number of repeat units, whereas the repeat sequence was conserved. Sequence analysis showed that DNA sequences and deduced amino acid sequences were highly homologous among the geographically dispersed isolates or various isolates from the same geographical region. No obvious differences were found in the GLURP gene sequences among geographically different isolates.

CONCLUSIONGLURP gene is highly structure conserved and size polymorphic, and so is useful in searching for malaria vaccine candidate antigen and developing a genotyping method for malaria research.

Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Genotype ; Geography ; Malaria ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Malaria Vaccines ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plasmodium falciparum ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Protozoan Proteins ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA