In recent years, with the rapid development of antibody drugs, the antibody-based therapies have gradually expanded from the cancer and autoimmune diseases to metabolic and infectious diseases and so on. However, the development of antibody-based anti-infective drugs is much slower as there are only two kinds of drugs in the market. This is due to the complex infective mechanism of viruses, bacteria and other pathogens, and the monovalent character of monoclonal antibodies that greatly limit the anti-infection effect of antibody drugs. The development and application of novel technologies, such as recombinant polyclonal antibody technology, will greatly accelerate the development of antibody-based anti-infection drugs. This article will introduce the application and trends in the development of antibody-based drugs in the field of anti-infection therapy.
Anti-Infective Agents ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Humans

Based on the theory and approach of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the literatures on the improvement of physical function by physical exercise were reviewed. People with disabilities can improve their body functions, in-cluding mental function, cardiovascular, blood, immune and respiratory function and neuromuscular skeletal and motor related functions via sport and exercise rehabilitation. Some advice was suggested about sports rehabilitation for the disabled.

Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Humans ; Trifluralin ; blood

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; analysis ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; analysis ; Chromium ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Workplace

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of growth and secretion in primarily cultured human pheochromocytoma cells.MethodsThe human pheochromocytoma tissues were digested successively,and the tumor cells were cultured.The growth curves of three tumors were plotted by cell count.At the same time,the catecholomine in the medium was measured with high performance liquid chromatography.ResultsThe number of primarily cultured human pheochromocytoma cells increased gradually from first to sixth day after plating,and then the cell number began to decrease from seventh day.The levels of norepinephrine(NE) and epinephrine(E) in the medium of cultured cells significantly decreased on first and second day,and the levels of NE and E had no significant difference on the second to eighth day.The levels of dopamine in the medium had no significant difference on the first to eighth day.ConclusionThe primarily cultured pheochromocytoma cells differentiate obviously after plating,but have no significant proliferation.The levels of catecholomine in the medium are decreased significantly on the first and second day.

score, prostate volume and peak urinary flow rate, correlate with BPH, but not with nocturia. Keeping a detailed urinary diary for the patients is beneficial for elucidating their urinary function and in decision-making of their treatment regimen.

Acute Kidney Injury ; blood ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Blood Pressure ; Critical Illness ; therapy ; Electrolytes ; blood ; Female ; Hemofiltration ; methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Prognosis

Genetic Heterogeneity ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of CT staging for esophageal cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 304 patients treated,from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 chiefly with radiotherapy(126 conventional radiotherapy,55-65 Gy/27-35 fx/5.5-7.0 w;178 late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy ,55-60 Gy/33-36 fx/ 4.5 -5.5 w)complete with CT data before treatment was done. The long survival was compared with pre-therapy CT findings and CT staging. ResultsThe survival rate of stage T1+T2 was very significantly different from those lesion with stage T3,T4(? 2=12.90,P0.05).The survival rates of patients positive for lymph nodes or distant metastasis were lower. Conclusion CT staging is quite optimal for non-operable esophageal cancer in clinical staging,as it is conducive to predict the prognosis.

Objective:To explore the role of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA),we therefore decided to compare the percentage of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood,as well as cytokines secretion function,to that of healthy controls. Methods:22 patients with RA and 22 cases of healthy controls ( HC) were drew 3 ml fresh venous blood into a tube containing heparin. The percentage of monocyte subsets,expression of Toll-like receptor(TLR)2,HLA-DR,triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) on intermediate monocyte and mean fluorescence intensity(MFI) of intracellular tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α) were evaluated with the methods of flow cytometry ( FCM ) . The correlation between percentage of monocyte subsets and serum cytokines was explored. Statistical significance between parametric data was determined by the students't-test. Results:Compared to HC controls, the percentages of intermediate monocytes were significant higher in RA patients [ ( 11. 7 ± 1. 6)% vs (4. 6±1. 2)%,P<0. 05],as well as the expression(MFI) of TLR2 (750. 2±110. 3 vs 526. 8±98. 6) and TREM-1 (58. 4± 12. 1 vs 40. 3±10. 2) on intermediate monocytes (P<0. 05). The expression of HLA-DR on intermediate monocytes of RA patients had no difference with HC controls (P>0. 05),while MFI of intracellular TNF-αin intermediate monocytes of RA patients were significant higher than that of HC controls (46. 3±6. 4 vs 36. 7±8. 3,P<0. 05). In addition,RA patients showed a positive correlation between the percentage of CD14highCD16+ monocytes and DAS28 scores(r=0. 538,P=0. 009),as well as the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-17 ( r=0. 471,P=0. 027;r=0. 593,P=0. 003). Conclusion:Monocyte subpopulations from RA patients are abnormally skewed toward to in-termediate monocytes which has high expression of TLR2 , TREM-1 and the function of TNF-α secretion. Therefore, intermediate monocytes may play a role in the pathophysiology of RA. By modulating polarization or blocking monocyte cell surface receptors could be a new treatment of RA.