By means of preparative HPTLC and column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, nine diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the whole plants of Scutellaria strigillosa. Based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data, their structures were elucidated as: 6-O-acetyl-7-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(1), 6-O-nicotinoyl-7-O-acetylscutebarbatine G(2), 6,7-di-O-nicotinoylscutebarbatine G(3), scutebarbatine K(4), scutebarbatine B(5), 6-O-acetylscutehenanine A(6), 6-O-nicotinoylbarba- tin A(7), 6,7-di-O-acetoxylbarbatin A(8), scutebarbatine F(9). Compound 1 is a new diterpenoid, and compounds 2-9 were isolated from Scutellaria strigillosa for the first time.
Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Scutellaria ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

The recurrence of colorectal polyps is caused by various factors and leads to the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer, which ranks third in incidence and fourth in mortality among cancers worldwide. The potential risk factors for colorectal polyp recurrence have been demonstrated in multiple trials. However, an article that pools and summarizes the various results is needed. This review enumerates and analyzes some risk factors in terms of patient characteristics, procedural operations, polyp characteristics, and dietary aspects to propose some effective prophylactic measures. This review aimed to provide a reference for clinical application and guide patients to prevent colorectal polyp recurrence in a more effective manner.

OBJECTIVETo study the application of degrading multi-enzymes from Ganoderma lucidum in extracting effective constituents from fibrous roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza.

METHODEffective constituents were extracted from fibrous roots by degrading multi-enzymes of wood fiber. The enzymatic parameters were optimized by the orthogonal design.

RESULTThe extraction efficiencies of total tanshinones and total salvianolic acids in the extracts of fibrous roots of S. miltiorrhiza was obtained using optimum enzymolysis process reached 11.923%, 12.465%, respectively, which were 62.794%, 56.086% more than that by conventional non-enzymatic hydrolysis.

CONCLUSIONDegrading multi-enzymes of wood fiber can be used to fully extract effective constituents from fibrous roots of S. miltiorrhiza, which provides a new approach for recycling wastes of traditional Chinese medicines.

Alkenes ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Diterpenes, Abietane ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Polyphenols ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Reishi ; enzymology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Wood ; enzymology

Objective To compare the efficacy of trastuzumab plus pertuzumab(HP)combined with either nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin or docetaxel plus carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer in real-world clinical practice.Methods Clinical data of HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant therapy with either HP combined with nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin or HP combined with docetaxel plus carboplatin and subsequently underwent surgery were retrospectively collected from 11 tertiary grade-A hospitals in Hebei Province from June 2019 to December 2021.The total pathological complete response(tpCR)rates of the two groups were compared.Results A total of 76 patients were included in the study,with 47 in the nab-paclitaxel group and 29 in the docetaxel group.The tpCR rate was significantly higher in the nab-paclitaxel group than that in the docetaxel group(72.3%vs.48.3%,χ2=4.463,P=0.035).Subgroup analysis indicated that patients older than 40 years,with cN2-3,cTNM stage Ⅲ,hormone receptor-positive status,and Ki67>30%had significantly higher tpCR rates in the nab-paclitaxel group than those in the docetaxel group(P<0.05).Conclusion In real-world clinical practice,the efficacy of HP combined with nab-paclitaxel plus carboplatin as neoadjuvant therapy for HER2-positive breast cancer is superior to that of HP combined with docetaxel plus carboplatin.

Objective: To assess the risk of public health emergencies in Zhejiang Province, March 2021. Methods: An expert counsel was conducted to assess the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) , enteritis due to norovirus, chicken pox and influenza by professionals in Zhejiang CDC, based on the information from infectious disease and public health emergency surveillance in Zhejiang Province, domestic health administrative departments, World Health Organization, and European CDC. Results: In March 2021, the risk of imported COVID-19 epidemic will be high in Zhejiang Province, and the possibility of local spread could not be ruled out. The possibility of a large-scale outbreak of enteritis due to norovirus and a small-scale outbreak of chickenpox in schools and kindergartens could not be ruled out after the new term begins. An increased risk of influenza epidemic is predicted in collective units such as schools and kindergartens, yet the risk of a large-scale one will be low. Conclusion High attention should be paid to COVID-19 and enteritis due to norovirus, and general attention should be paid to chicken pox and influenza outbreak.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the sanitary status of urban secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district of Beijing.

METHODSAdopting the quantitative classification table drafted by the Bureau for Sanitation Inspection and Supervision of Haidian district, we carried quantitative classification (A, B, C grade) on all 1725 secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district for two times. At the same time, we collected 20 residential areas with stratified random sampling method. As the public points in the first quantitative classification, the effect of level publicity on changing the sanitary grade of the secondary water supply facilities were observed.

RESULTSIn the first two times of quantitative classification, A-level and B-level secondary water supply facilities took up 81.04% (1398/1725) and 89.04% (1536/1725) of all secondary water supply facilities respectively; the ratio of effective sanitary permits achieved 86.14% (1486/1725) and 92.35% (1593/1725) respectively; and the ratio of effective water quality test reports achieved 86.60% (1494/1725) and 97.10% (1675/1725) respectively. There were 52 secondary water supply facilities in 20 collected areas, including 8 A-level, 27 B-level and 17 C-level secondary water supply facilities before level publicity, and 19, 29 and 4 after level publicity. The impact of level publicity on changing the sanitary grade of the secondary water supply facilities was statistically significant (χ(2) = 12.60, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONThe city secondary water supply facilities in Haidian district are overall in good sanitary conditions. Quantitative classification and level publicity can effectively improve the sanitary status of secondary water supply facilities.

China ; Sanitation ; Urban Health ; Water Supply

This study was aimed to clone the gene coding mouse CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), to construct the recombinant lentiviral vector carrying enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and to explore its expression in eukaryotic cells (293FT cells). The full length CXCR4 gene was cloned by RT-PCR using bone marrow cells from C57BL/6 mouse as template and inserted into PCR-Blunt vector. CXCR4 fragment was generated by digestion with restriction endonuclease and subcloned into a lentiviral vector to generate recombinant lentiviral vector LV-IRES-EGFP-CXCR4, which was co-transfected into 293FT cells together with envelope plasmid and packaging plasmid by lipofectamine 2000. Viruses were gathered and concentrated using ultracentrifuge, and then transfected into 293FT cells. Expression of EGFP was detected by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM). And the expression of CXCR4 protein was detected by Western blot. The results demonstrated that mouse CXCR4 gene was cloned and the lentiviral vector was successfully constructed. The lentiviral particles were correctly packaged, and the virus titers were above 10(8) TU/ml in the supernatant after concentration. Expression of EGFP was detected by fluorescent microscopy in the transfected 293FT cells, and the transfection efficacy > 95% was determined by FCM. Expression of CXCR4 protein detected by FCM and Western blot was significantly higher than that in control group. It is concluded that the CXCR4 gene along with the gene coding EGFP is successfully inserted into a lentiviral vector to construct a recombinant lentiviral vector, which can be expressed in eukaryotic cells.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lentivirus ; genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Plasmids ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; genetics ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetics and clinical characteristics of dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) in Chinese kindreds.

METHODSFragment analysis with laser-induced fluorescence in capillary electrophoresis was performed for the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeats of DRPLA gene in 708 probands of autosomal dominant ataxia pedigrees and 119 sporadic ataxia cases.

RESULTSExpanded CAG repeats of DRPLA gene were detected in probands of three ataxia pedigrees, with the numbers of repeats being 16/58, 16/58 and 14/54, respectively. In addition to ataxia, patients with adult-onset disease also exhibited spasm and neck torsion.

CONCLUSIONOnly three cases of DRPLA have been identified among 827 cases, which suggested that DRPLA is a relatively rare subtype of SCA in Chinese population. Clinical variation among the patients suggested DRPLA has a wide spectrum of phenotype.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Brain ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Myoclonic Epilepsies, Progressive ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Phenotype ; Trinucleotide Repeats ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in influenza-like illness (ILI) of children ( ≤ 14 years) in Wuhan area from 2008 to 2012.

METHODSA total of 2854 cases of ILI patients ( ≤ 14 years) in a hospital of Wuhan were recruited in the study from July 2008 to June 2012. The sample of pharyngeal swab was collected from each patient, to extract the virus nucleic acids. Real-time fluorescent quantitation reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method was applied to detect the subtypes of influenza virus and RSV, and then analyzed the time and age characteristics.

RESULTSOut of the 2854 cases, 758 (26.6%) were positive for influenza virus,including 547 (19.2%) influenza A virus positive samples and 211 (7.4%) influenza B virus positive samples. Usually, there were two peaks present in the annual curve of influenza virus, namely summer peak and winter/spring peak. The positive rate of influenza virus in 6-14 years old children (48.0%, 275/573) was significantly higher than that in 3-5 years old children (26.6%, 213/801) and that under 3 years old children (18.3%, 270/1480). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 187.432, P < 0.01). A total of 219 (7.7%) cases were positive for RSV,including 108 RSV-A positive samples and 112 RSV-B positive samples (1 co-infection). The epidemic of RSV showed an obvious seasonal pattern with peaks in autumn,winter and spring,which accounted for 96.8% (212/219) of all the cases; however, the annual incidence of RSV fluctuated greatly. The predominant subtype shifted every 2 years. RSV-B predominated during September 2008 and May 2009, December 2009 and March 2010, accounting for 76.6% (36/47) and 96.9% (62/64) respectively. RSV-A predominated during November 2010 and March 2011, September 2011 and April 2012, accounting for 92.5% (37/40) and 100.0% (48/48) respectively. With the increase of the age, the positive rate of RSV-A and RSV-B decreased gradually (RSV-A: χ(2) = 36.223, P < 0.01; RSV-B: χ(2) = 36.281, P < 0.01). The positive rates of RSV-A in children < 1,1,2,3,4,5-9 and 10-14 years old were 7.0% (26/373), 5.9% (39/662), 4.0% (18/445), 3.2% (13/406), 1.3% (3/236), 1.4% (7/517) and 0.9% (2/215) respectively; while, the positive rates of RSV-B in each age group were 6.4% (24/373), 6.0% (40/662), 4.5% (20/445), 4.4% (18/406), 1.3% (3/236), 1.0% (5/517) and 0.9% (2/215) respectively. The children aged 0-3 years old were more susceptible for RSV infection,accounting for 90.0% (197/219) of the total positive samples. During the outbreak of influenza A H1N1 in November 2009, the positive rate of RSW was 3.0% (3/100), lower than that in the same month of 2008, 2010 and 2011,which were separately 18.2% (6/33), 10.8% (10/93) and 10.0% (4/40). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 8.450, P < 0.05). During the outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) in January 2011,the positive rate of RSV was 5.7% (3/53), lower than those in the same month of 2009, 2010 and 2012, which was separately 21.7% (5/23), 28.6% (22/77) and 16.0% (8/50). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 11.233,P < 0.05). During the period of less influenza happened in September 2011, the RSV positive rate was 25.0% (10/40), higher than those in the same month of 2008, 2009 and 2010, which was separately 11.4% (4/35), 1.7% (2/118) and 0.0% (0/109). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 32.521, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBoth influenza virus and RSV were important etiological agents of ILI of children in Wuhan. The characteristics of seasonal and age distributions of the two viruses were notably different; meanwhile, a certain inhibitional effect of influenza virus on RSV could be observed.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; Male ; Orthomyxoviridae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; classification ; isolation & purification

MUC1 mucin is a high molecular weight, type I transmembrane glycoprotein. High and aberrant expression of MUC1 is observed in various types of tumors, which make it an ideal target for tumor biotherapy as well as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. MUC1/Y is an isoform of MUC1 generated by alternative splicing. Specific expression of MUC1/Y in breast cancer as well as its involvement in tumor cell signal transduction have been reported. In order to purify peptides containing MUC1/Y-specific epitope in E. coli and prepare MUC1/Y-specific antibody, DNA fragment encoding the MUC1/Y-specific peptide was amplified by PCR using MUC1/Y full length cDNA as the template and cloned into fusion expression vector pGEX-2T, resulting pGEX-Y30. DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the correct amplification and orientation of the target sequence. Competent E. coli DH5alpha was transformed with pGEX-Y30 and the expression was induced for 4-5 hours in 0.2 mmol/L IPTG at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Expressed proteins were released from the cells by ultrasonication or B-PER II reagent treatments. The fusion protein GST-Y30 were purified by affinity and anion exchange columns and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western-blotting. Polyclonal antibody was prepared by immunizing rabbits with the GST-Y30 protein for 4 times with intervals of 3 weeks and purified by GST column. Western blotting, ELISA and immunohistochemistry analysis were carried out using the purified antibody to confirm its MUC1/Y-binding capacity and specificity. The expressed fusion protein GST-Y30 is about 31 kD in size and represented about 20% of total cellular proteins. The majority of the GST-Y30 protein existed as soluble form when the induction was carried out at both 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. After the two-step purification, the purity of GST-Y30 was about 94%. The titer of polyserum generated by GST-Y30 immunization was 1:320,000 by ELISA. The antiserum showed MUC1/Y specificity and can recognize MUC1/Y on MCF7 cell. The MUC1/Y-specific polyclonal antibody can be used for studying the role of MUC1/Y in carcinogenesis.
Animals ; Antibodies ; metabolism ; Antibody Specificity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; metabolism ; Epitopes ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Models, Genetic ; Mucin-1 ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Peptides ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits