Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Pathology, Clinical ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Referral and Consultation ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Telepathology ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends

Objective To establish the determination method of Paeoniflorin in Xiaoshuan pills. Methods Extract solvent and time was studied by HPLC method. The HPLC system consisted of Lichrospher C18 column (5 ?m,150 mm?4.6 mm) and methanol-water (30∶70) as the mobile phase. The detective wavelength was 230 nm, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, and the temperature was 25 ℃. Results The powder of Xiaoshuan pills was extracted with methanol. The Paeoniflorin was linear within the range of 0.051～0.510 mg/mL, the average recovery was 98.37%, and RSD was 3.13%. Conclusion The method is simple, highly exclusive, and suitable for quality control of Xiaoshuan pills.

Objective To compare the clinical results of open reduction and plate internal fixation and percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation in the management of distal radius fractures. Methods A retrospective comparison was done on clinical data of 110 patients with distal radius fractures who were treated by plate internal fixation and that of 107 by pereutaneous kirschner-wire fixation from January 2002 to June 2007. Results All patients were followed up for 5-12 months. According to Gartland and Werley scoring system, the excellent rate was 86.4% in plate internal fixation group, which was significantly higher than 74.8% in percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation group (P <0.05). As for type C3 fractures, the excellent rate of the two groups were 76.9% and 70.0%, with no statistical difference (P >0.05). Conclusions Compared with percutaneous kirschner-wire fixation, plate internal fixation is better in treatment of distal radius fractures, but has poor results in management of type C3 fractures.

Objective To investigate the effect of alternating shift on general well-being of nurses,and analyze its relationships with related factors. Methods Alternating shift nurses from general hospi-tals above courty-level in Liaocheng city who were engaged in clinical work were selected by duster sam-pling.Questionnnires were sent out and later gathered. The investigation tools included general well-being schedule(GWB) ,marital quality inventory, social support inventory, Eysenck personality questionnaire were used in survey. Results (1)There was difference in the score of general well-being between nurses with different ages and professional titles(P<0.01). (2)There was significant difference between GWB and oth-er factors such as marital quality,EPQ (psychoticism, neuroticism and introversion and extroversion), so-cial support(P<0.01). (3)Multivariable linear regression which took general well-being as dependent vari-able, the variables which entered the equation were neuroticism, family relationship,support utilization,psychoticism, objective support, introversion and extroversion, marriage satisfaction,arrangement of econ-omy. Conclusions (1)The older, the higher of professional tltles,the stronger general well-being of nurses. (2)Sabjective well-being and marital quality, social support, lying defense were positively corre-lated; neuroticism, psychoticism were negatively correlated. (3)Neuroticism, family relationship,support and utilization, psychoticism, objective Support, introversion and extroversion, marriage satisfaction,ar-rangement of economy can affect general well-being,among which neuroticism had great influence.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in patients under 30 years of age. Methods A retrospective study of 22 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of bladder in patients under 30 years of age treated between 1980 and 1999 was carried out. Results In most patients evaluation was prompted by gross hematuria(77.3%).Preoperative B-ultrasonography and urinary cytology correlated well with cystoscopic and biopsy findings.18 cases were treated by means of transurethral resection, and 4 cases by partial resection of bladder. 17 patients have been followed up for 6～107 months.5 patients had recurred. Conclusions Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder ocurrs rarely during the first three decades of life. The tumors were of low grade,noninvasive,and associa- ted with a low recurrence and an excellent prognosis. The treatment of choice is transurethral resection. Regular follow-up is essential.

The study aims to solve the instability problem of methylphenidate (MPH) in plasma, and establish a LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determining of MPH in human plasma. The stabilities of MPH in different media were studied, and the degradation characteristics of MPH in these media were also investigated by HPLC and LC-MS/MS. To a 200 microL aliquot of freshly collected plasma sample, 10 microL 2% formic acid was added immediately to prevent the hydrolysis of MPH in human plasma samples. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Sapphire C18 column using the mobile phase of methanol - 5 mmol.L-1 ammonium acetate buffer solution containing 0.1% formic acid (46 : 54). MPH was quantified by tandem mass spectrometry operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. The detection used the transitions of protonated molecules at m/z 234.2-->84.1 for MPH and m/z 260.3-->183.1 for propranolol (IS), separately. The intra- and inter-assay precisions were all below 5.0%. The accuracies were all in standard ranges. The linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 0.035-40 ng.mL-1. The methods fulfilled the demand. The method was used to determine the concentration of MPH in human plasma after a single dose of 36 mg MPH tablet to 6 healthy Chinese volunteers. The method is suitable for the precisely determination of MPH and for pharmacokinetic study of MPH in human plasma.

Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of Fructus lycii on renal calcium oxalate stone formation in rats. Methods Wistar rats were divided into several groups according to different stone inducer (cigarette smoking, ethylene glycol solution drinking or combination of both), either Fructus lycii infusion interference or not and different interfering concentrations (10% and 25%). Besides, a blank control group was set. After treatment for 40 d, 24 h urine was collected, and renal tissue samples were obtained. The concentrations of calcium, oxalate and citric acid in urine were measured. The deposit condition of calcium oxalate crystals in nephric tubules was observed and scored. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of total-superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in renal tissues were detected. Apoptosis cells in kidney were observed with TUNEL staining, and index of apoptosis was calculated. Results Compared with blank control group, the urine calcium concentration in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking were significantly higher (P<0.01), the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking were higher, while the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues were lower. Ten percent and 25% Fructus lycii infusion significantly decreased the urine concentrations of calcium in group of combination of cigarette smoking and ethylene glycol solution drinking (P<0.01), decreased the scores of calcium oxalate crystals in renal tubules, the levels of MDA in renal tissues and the index of apoptosis of renal tubule epithelial cells in groups of ethylene glycol solution drinking and combination with smoking, and increased the concentrations of citric acid in urine and activity of T-SOD in renal tissues. There was no significant dose-effect relationship between two concentrations of Fructus lycii infusion. Conclusion Fructus lycii infusion can effectively inhibit the formation of renal calcium oxalate stone in rats with smoking and/or ethylene glycol drinking by reducing the free radicals and apoptosis of renal tissue, decreasing the concentration of elements for stone formation and increasing the concentration of elements for inhibition of stone formation in urine.

Objective:In order to explore the AICD happening in PBMC and the situation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in chronic/ chronic severe hepatitis B Methods:The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with chronic /chronic severe hepatitis B were cultured with PHA P for 72 h Then the apoptosis of PBMC was assayed by flow cytometry The peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of patients with chronic /chronic severe hepatitis B were assayed by flow cytometry and automatic blood analyzer Results:The percentage of apoptotic PBMC in chronic hepatitis B group was higher than that in chronic severe hepatitis B group(P

Background and purpose:Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who have good curative effect on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) will inevitably acquired drug resistance. It will effect the survival directly. In contrast, few studies have found that EGFR-TKI effectively acquired drug resistance in patients with clinical characteristics. We investigated clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients who experienced acquired drug resistance during geiftinib therapy. Methods:To review the treatment from the beneift of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. All of the data were obtained from Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2014 in Xinjiang tumor hospital. The treatment for failure of acquired drug resistance of clinical manifestations, time to progress (TTP) and post-progression survival (PPS) were retrospectively analyzed. Results:The total collection of 417 patients. Median TTP was 10.2 months (95%CI:9.5-10.9). The TTP of women adenocarcinoma patients who didn’t smoke signiifcantly extended. When acquired drug resistance happened, 63.3%of patients appeared worse symptoms. The progress of the disease is as follows:209 cases (58.4%) from the primary lesion, 137 cases (38.3%) before the transfer, 194 cases (54.2%) of new happened. Patients of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) wild type had more tendencies of symptomatic deterioration and new central nervous system (CNS) transfer than patients of EGFR mutation type. Patients of exon 19 deletion and L858R mutations on the new transfer were different (41.4%vs 6.3%, P=0.02). PPS was 8.9 months (95%CI:7.4-10.4). Smoking history, performance status (PS) score, new CNS lesions and the subsequent chemotherapy is independent factors of PPS. Conclusion:This study suggests that the clinical manifestations of acquired drug resistance according to EGFR mutation status and EGFR mutation genotype may be different. In addition, after the treatment of acquired drug resistance in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, the subsequent clinical beneift from chemotherapy are also associated with PPS.

Objective To investigate the oxalate-degrading and growth abilities of lactic acid bacteria coming from yoghourt in vitro culture broth. Methods The species of lactic acid bacteria obtained from 6 brands of yoghourt were identified. Different brands of yoghourt were separately cultured in broth and incubated at 37 ℃,5% CO2 for 48 h, getting the concentration of lactic acid bacteria through slab counting method. The brand of yoghourt with the highest quantity of bacteria was chosen as the study subject. Three species of bacteria and the mixture bacteria obtained from the chosen brand of yoghourt were cultured separately for 72 h in MRS broth which contained three different concentrations of ammonium oxalate, and the broth without inoculating of bacterium was prepared as control. The amount of bacteria in culture was detected, the concentration of ammonium oxalate was detected through photometric determination of oxalic acid by its catalytic reaction of methyl red by potassium chromate. Results Three species of lactic acid bacteria (L.bulgaria, L.acidophilus and L.thermophilus) were detected in each brand of yoghourt. The quantity of bacteria in Weiquan yoghourt is the highest. After 72 h incubation, the concentrations of oxalate in all the broths containing bacteria were lower than those in the control. L.acidophilus showed the best degrading activity. The higher the concentration of oxalate was, the bigger the amount of oxalate degraded was, the smaller the percent of degrading was, and the less the growth ability of bacteria was. Conclusion All the species coming from yoghourt have the ability of oxalate degrading, which increases with the concentration of oxalate in culture.But the high concentration of oxalate restrains the growth of bacteria.